factory_girl

factory_girl is a fixtures replacement with a straightforward definition syntax, support for multiple build strategies (saved instances, unsaved instances, attribute hashes, and stubbed objects), and support for multiple factories for the same class (user, admin_user, and so on), including factory inheritance.

Download

Github: github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl/tree/master

Gem:

gem install factory_girl --source http://gemcutter.org

Note: if you install factory_girl using the gem from Gemcutter, you’ll need this in your environment.rb if you want to use Rails 2.1+‘s dependency manager:

config.gem "factory_girl", :source => "http://gemcutter.org"

Defining factories

Each factory has a name and a set of attributes. The name is used to guess the class of the object by default, but it’s possible to explicitly specify it:

# This will guess the User class
Factory.define :user do |u|
  u.first_name 'John'
  u.last_name  'Doe'
  u.admin false
end

# This will use the User class (Admin would have been guessed)
Factory.define :admin, :class => User do |u|
  u.first_name 'Admin'
  u.last_name  'User'
  u.admin true
end

# The same, but using a string instead of class constant
Factory.define :admin, :class => 'user' do |u|
  u.first_name 'Admin'
  u.last_name  'User'
  u.admin true
end

It is highly recommended that you have one factory for each class that provides the simplest set of attributes necessary to create an instance of that class. If you’re creating ActiveRecord objects, that means that you should only provide attributes that are required through validations and that do not have defaults. Other factories can be created through inheritance to cover common scenarios for each class.

Attempting to define multiple factories with the same name will raise an error.

Factories can either be defined anywhere, but will automatically be loaded if they are defined in files at the following locations:

test/factories.rb
spec/factories.rb
test/factories/*.rb
spec/factories/*.rb

Using factories

factory_girl supports several different build strategies: build, create, attributes_for and stub:

# Returns a User instance that's not saved
user = Factory.build(:user)

# Returns a saved User instance
user = Factory.create(:user)

# Returns a hash of attributes that can be used to build a User instance:
attrs = Factory.attributes_for(:user)

# Returns an object with all defined attributes stubbed out:
stub = Factory.stub(:user)

You can use the Factory method as a shortcut for the default build strategy:

# Same as Factory.create :user:
user = Factory(:user)

The default strategy can be overriden:

# Now same as Factory.build(:user)
Factory.define :user, :default_strategy => :build do |u|
  ...
end

user = Factory(:user)

No matter which strategy is used, it’s possible to override the defined attributes by passing a hash:

# Build a User instance and override the first_name property
user = Factory.build(:user, :first_name => 'Joe')
user.first_name
# => "Joe"

Lazy Attributes

Most factory attributes can be added using static values that are evaluated when the factory is defined, but some attributes (such as associations and other attributes that must be dynamically generated) will need values assigned each time an instance is generated. These “lazy” attributes can be added by passing a block instead of a parameter:

Factory.define :user do |u|
  # ...
  u.activation_code { User.generate_activation_code }
end

Dependent Attributes

Attributes can be based on the values of other attributes using the proxy that is yieled to lazy attribute blocks:

Factory.define :user do |u|
  u.first_name 'Joe'
  u.last_name  'Blow'
  u.email {|a| "#{a.first_name}.#{a.last_name}@example.com".downcase }
end

Factory(:user, :last_name => 'Doe').email
# => "[email protected]"

Associations

Associated instances can be generated by using the association method when defining a lazy attribute:

Factory.define :post do |p|
  # ...
  p.author {|author| author.association(:user, :last_name => 'Writely') }
end

The behavior of the association method varies depending on the build strategy used for the parent object.

# Builds and saves a User and a Post
post = Factory(:post)
post.new_record?       # => false
post.author.new_record # => false

# Builds and saves a User, and then builds but does not save a Post
post = Factory.build(:post)
post.new_record?       # => true
post.author.new_record # => false

Because this pattern is so common, a prettier syntax is available for defining associations:

# The following definitions are equivalent:
Factory.define :post do |p|
  p.author {|a| a.association(:user) }
end

Factory.define :post do |p|
  p.association :author, :factory => :user
end

If the factory name is the same as the association name, the factory name can be left out.

Inheritance

You can easily create multiple factories for the same class without repeating common attributes by using inheritance:

Factory.define :post do |p|
  # the 'title' attribute is required for all posts
  p.title 'A title'
end

Factory.define :approved_post, :parent => :post do |p|
  p.approved true
  # the 'approver' association is required for an approved post
  p.association :approver, :factory => :user
end

Sequences

Unique values in a specific format (for example, e-mail addresses) can be generated using sequences. Sequences are defined by calling Factory.sequence, and values in a sequence are generated by calling Factory.next:

# Defines a new sequence
Factory.sequence :email do |n|
  "person#{n}@example.com"
end

Factory.next :email
# => "[email protected]"

Factory.next :email
# => "[email protected]"

Sequences can be used in lazy attributes:

Factory.define :user do |f|
  f.email { Factory.next(:email) }
end

And it’s also possible to define an in-line sequence that is only used in a particular factory:

Factory.define :user do |f|
  f.sequence(:email) {|n| "person#{n}@example.com" }
end

Callbacks

Factory_girl makes available three callbacks for injecting some code:

after_build - called after a factory is built (via Factory.build)
after_create - called after a factory is saved (via Factory.create)
after_stub - called after a factory is stubbed (via Factory.stub)

Examples:

# Define a factory that calls the generate_hashed_password method after it is built 
Factory.define :user do |u|
  u.after_build { |user| do_something_to(user) }
end

Note that you’ll have an instance of the user in the block. This can be useful.

You can also define multiple types of callbacks on the same factory:

Factory.define :user do |u|
  u.after_build  { |user| do_something_to(user) }
  u.after_create { |user| do_something_else_to(user) }
end

Factories can also define any number of the same kind of callback. These callbacks will be executed in the order they are specified:

Factory.define :user do |u|
  u.after_create { this_runs_first }
  u.after_create { then_this }
end

Calling Factory.create will invoke both after_build and after_create callbacks.

Also, like standard attributes, child factories will inherit (and can define additional) callbacks from their parent factory.

Alternate Syntaxes

Users’ tastes for syntax vary dramatically, but most users are looking for a common feature set. Because of this, factory_girl supports “syntax layers” which provide alternate interfaces. See Factory::Syntax for information about the various layers available. For example, the Machinist-style syntax is popular:

require 'factory_girl/syntax/blueprint'
require 'factory_girl/syntax/make'
require 'factory_girl/syntax/sham'

Sham.email {|n| "#{n}@example.com" }

User.blueprint do
  name  { 'Billy Bob' }
  email { Sham.email }
end

User.make(:name => 'Johnny')

More Information

RDoc
Mailing list
Issues
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Contributing

Please read the contribution guidelines before submitting patches or pull requests.

Author

factory_girl was written by Joe Ferris with contributions from several authors, including:

Alex Sharp
Eugene Bolshakov
Jon Yurek
Josh Nichols
Josh Owens
Nate Sutton

The syntax layers are derived from software written by the following authors:

Pete Yandell
Rick Bradley
Yossef Mendelssohn

Thanks to all members of thoughtbot for inspiration, ideas, and funding.