TappingDevice

Introduction

As the name states, TappingDevice allows you to secretly listen to different events of an object:

• Method Calls - what does the object do
• Traces - how is the object used by the application
• State Mutations - what happens inside the object

After collecting the events, TappingDevice will output them in a nice, readable format to either stdout or a file.

Ultimately, its goal is to let you know all the information you need for debugging with just 1 line of code.

Usages

Track Method Calls

By tracking an object's method calls, you'll be able to observe the object's behavior very easily

Each entry consists of 5 pieces of information:

• method name
• source of the method
• call site
• arguments
• return value

Helpers

• print_calls(object) - prints the result to stdout
• write_calls(object, log_file: "file_name") - writes the result to a file
  • the default file is /tmp/tapping_device.log, but you can change it with log_file: "new_path" option

Use Cases

• Understand a service object/form object's behavior
• Debug a messy controller

Track Traces

By tracking an object's traces, you'll be able to observe the object's journey in your application

Helpers

• print_traces(object) - prints the result to stdout
• write_traces(object, log_file: "file_name") - writes the result to a file
  • the default file is /tmp/tapping_device.log, but you can change it with log_file: "new_path" option

Use Cases

• Debug argument related issues
• Understand how a library uses your objects

Track State Mutations

By tracking an object's traces, you'll be able to observe the state changes happen inside the object between each method call

Helpers

• print_mutations(object) - prints the result to stdout
• write_mutations(object, log_file: "file_name") - writes the result to a file
  • the default file is /tmp/tapping_device.log, but you can change it with log_file: "new_path" option

Use Cases

• Debug state related issues
• Debug memoization issues

Track All Instances Of A Class

It's not always easy to directly access the objects we want to track, especially when they're managed by a library (e.g. ActiveRecord::Relation). In such cases, you can use these helpers to track the class's instances:

• print_instance_calls(ObjectKlass)
• print_instance_traces(ObjectKlass)
• print_instance_mutations(ObjectKlass)
• write_instance_calls(ObjectKlass)
• write_instance_traces(ObjectKlass)
• write_instance_mutations(ObjectKlass)

Use with_HELPER_NAME for chained method calls

In Ruby programs, we often chain multiple methods together like this:

SomeService.new(params).perform

And to debug it, we'll need to break the method chain into

service = SomeService.new(params)
print_calls(service, options)
service.perform

This kind of code changes are usually annoying, and that's one of the problems I want to solve with TappingDevice.

So here's another option, just insert a with_HELPER_NAME call in between:

SomeService.new(params).with_print_calls(options).perform

And it'll behave exactly like

service = SomeService.new(params)
print_calls(service, options)
service.perform

Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem 'tapping_device', group: :development

And then execute:

$ bundle

Or install it directly:

$ gem install tapping_device

Depending on the size of your application, TappingDevice could harm the performance significantly. So make sure you don't put it inside the production group

Advance Usages & Options

Add Conditions With .with

Sometimes we don't need to know all the calls or traces of an object; we just want some of them. In those cases, we can chain the helpers with .with to filter the calls/traces.

# only prints calls with name matches /foo/
print_calls(object).with do |payload|
  payload.method_name.to_s.match?(/foo/)
end

Options

There are many options you can pass when using a helper method. You can list all available options and their default value with

TappingDevice::Configurable::DEFAULTS #=> {
  :filter_by_paths=>[], 
  :exclude_by_paths=>[], 
  :with_trace_to=>50, 
  :event_type=>:return, 
  :hijack_attr_methods=>false, 
  :track_as_records=>false, 
  :inspect=>false, 
  :colorize=>true, 
  :log_file=>"/tmp/tapping_device.log"
}

Here are some commonly used options:

colorize: false

• default: true

By default print_calls and print_traces colorize their output. If you don't want the colors, you can use colorize: false to disable it.

print_calls(object, colorize: false)

inspect: true

• default: false

As you might have noticed, all the objects are converted into strings with #to_s instead of #inspect. This is because when used on some Rails objects, #inspect can generate a significantly larger string than #to_s. For example:

post.to_s #=> #<Post:0x00007f89a55201d0>
post.inspect #=> #<Post id: 649, user_id: 3, topic_id: 600, post_number: 1, raw: "Hello world", cooked: "<p>Hello world</p>", created_at: "2020-05-24 08:07:29", updated_at: "2020-05-24 08:07:29", reply_to_post_number: nil, reply_count: 0, quote_count: 0, deleted_at: nil, off_topic_count: 0, like_count: 0, incoming_link_count: 0, bookmark_count: 0, score: nil, reads: 0, post_type: 1, sort_order: 1, last_editor_id: 3, hidden: false, hidden_reason_id: nil, notify_moderators_count: 0, spam_count: 0, illegal_count: 0, inappropriate_count: 0, last_version_at: "2020-05-24 08:07:29", user_deleted: false, reply_to_user_id: nil, percent_rank: 1.0, notify_user_count: 0, like_score: 0, deleted_by_id: nil, edit_reason: nil, word_count: 2, version: 1, cook_method: 1, wiki: false, baked_at: "2020-05-24 08:07:29", baked_version: 2, hidden_at: nil, self_edits: 0, reply_quoted: false, via_email: false, raw_email: nil, public_version: 1, action_code: nil, image_url: nil, locked_by_id: nil, image_upload_id: nil>

hijack_attr_methods: true

• default: false
  • except for tap_mutation! and print_mutations

Because TracePoint doesn't track methods generated by attr_* helpers (see this issue for more info), we need to redefine those methods with the normal method definition.

For example, it generates

def name=(val)
  @name = val
end

for

attr_writer :name

This hack will only be applied to the target instance with instance_eval. So other instances of the class remain untouched.

The default is false because

1. Checking what methods are generated by attr_* helpers isn't free. It's an O(n) operation, where n is the number of methods the target object has.
2. It's still unclear if this hack safe enough for most applications.

ignore_private

Sometimes we use many private methods to perform trivial operations, like

class Operation
  def extras
    dig_attribute("extras")
  end

  private

  def data
    @data
  end

  def dig_attribute(attr)
    data.dig("attributes", attr) 
  end
end

And we may not be interested in those method calls. If that's the case, you can use the ignore_private option

operation = Operation.new(params)
print_calls(operation, ignore_private: true) #=> only prints the `extras` call

only_private

This option does the opposite of the ignore_private option does.

Global Configuration

If you don't want to pass options every time you use a helper, you can use global configuration to change the default values:

TappingDevice.config[:colorize] = false
TappingDevice.config[:hijack_attr_methods] = true

And if you're using Rails, you can put the configs under config/initializers/tapping_device.rb like this:

if defined?(TappingDevice)
  TappingDevice.config[:colorize] = false
  TappingDevice.config[:hijack_attr_methods] = true
end

Lower-Level Helpers

print_calls and print_traces aren't the only helpers you can get from TappingDevice. They are actually built on top of other helpers, which you can use as well. To know more about them, please check this page

Related Blog Posts

• Optimize Your Debugging Process With Object-Oriented Tracing and tapping_device
• Debug Rails issues effectively with tapping_device
• Want to know more about your Rails app? Tap on your objects!

Development

After checking out the repo, run bin/setup to install dependencies. Then, run rake spec to run the tests. You can also run bin/console for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.

To install this gem onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake install. To release a new version, update the version number in version.rb, and then run bundle exec rake release, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the .gem file to rubygems.org.

Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/st0012/tapping_device. This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the Contributor Covenant code of conduct.

License

The gem is available as open-source under the terms of the MIT License.

Code of Conduct

Everyone interacting in the TappingDevice project's codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the code of conduct.