Vagrant KVM Provider
This is a Vagrant 1.1+ plugin that adds a KVM provider to Vagrant, allowing Vagrant to control and provision KVM/QEMU VM.
Requirements
This plugin requires QEMU 1.1+, it has only been tested on Fedora 18+, Debian Wheezy, Ubuntu 12.04(LTS) Precise and Ubuntu 13.04 Raring at the moment.
This plugin requires several library and helper utils packages. Consult the Requirements section in INSTALL.md
Recent changes
Default image format is now qcow2 instead of sparsed raw image, with qcow2
vagrant-kvm
uses the box volume as a backing volume so that VM creation is
a lot faster. In most cases you want to use qcow2.
OVF boxes conversion as been removed, you should use vagrant-mutate
instead.
Features/Limitations
- Provides the same workflow as the Vagrant VirtualBox provider.
- Uses NFS for sync folders
- Only works with 1 VM per Vagrantfile for now
- Requires "libvirtd" group membership to run Vagrant (Debian/Ubuntu only)
- Requires backporting qemu and libvirt from experimental (Debian) or raring (Ubuntu)
- Use qcow2 backing image by default, which should make VM creation very fast
Known issues
Vagrant 1.5 migration
Vagrant 1.5 changes a structure of user boxes directories. vagrant-KVM handle box directory as libvirt/qemu temporary spool, but Vagrant 1.5 changes it at first time launched.
If you got Call to virStoragePoolCreate failed: cannot open path
error, or
Your vagrant-kvm environment should be fixed. see README
,
please follow the instructions bellow.
Upgrade vagrant-kvm to vagrant-kvm 0.1.6 or after
Clear all vagrant storage pool definitions
restart libvirt daemon
how to clear storage pool
$ sudo -i
# ls /etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant*
/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_archlinux-x86_64-20140325.xml
/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_centos-6.5-20140316.xml
/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_centos-6.5-20140324.xml
/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_vagrant-kvm.xml
/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant.xml
# rm -i /etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant*
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_archlinux-x86_64-20140325.xml’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_centos-6.5-20140316.xml’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_centos-6.5-20140324.xml’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant_1000_vagrant-kvm.xml’? y
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant.xml’? y
# ls /etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant*
ls: cannot access /etc/libvirt/storage/vagrant*: No such file or directory
# exit
alternative way:
- open virt-manager
- connect to localhost
- right click connection and open details
- click storage tab
- right click each 'vagrant*' storage pool and delete it.
how to restart libvirt daemon
Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo service libvirt-bin restart
Fedora/CentOS/SuSE/Arch previous versions
$ sudo service libvirtd restart
Fedora/CentOS/SuSE/Arch recent versions
$ sudo systemctl restart libvirtd
Ubuntu
Some versions of Ubuntu kernel has a bug that will cause vagrant-kvm
to fail with a permission error on vagrant up
. It is a kernel bug with the AppArmor security framework.
As a workaround, please run following command to disable access control for libvirt helper.
sudo aa-complain /usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper
Fedora and Arch
With Fedora and Arch, default home directory permissions are set to drwx------
.
Qemu/kvm runs as 'qemu' user by default and cannot access your home directory.
To avoid this, please check and change your home directory and
child directories permission to permit qemu user access to ~/.vagrant.d/tmp/storage-pool/
$ chmod go+x /home/<your account>
Another option is to run qemu/kvm as the root user by changing the configuration in libvirt.
/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
user = "root"
group = "root"
Then restart libvirtd.
$ sudo systemctl restart libvirtd
This may or may not be sufficient to make it work with Fedora, there are still some issues for some users on Fedora 20.
Usage
Install using the standard Vagrant 1.1+ plugin installation command. After
installation, use vagrant up
and specify the kvm
provider. An example is
shown below.
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-kvm
$ vagrant up --provider=kvm
Of course prior to doing this, you'll need to obtain a KVM-compatible
box file for Vagrant. You can convert a VirtualBox base box using
vagrant-mutate
https://github.com/sciurus/vagrant-mutate or see the sample
box.
You will need a private network specifying an IP address in your Vagrantfile, the minimum Vagrantfile would then be:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "precise32"
config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.192.10"
end
And then run vagrant up --provider=kvm
.
If you always use kvm provider as default, please set it in your .bashrc:
export VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER=kvm
then you can simply run vagrant up
to use the kvm provider.
Configuration
There are some provider specific parameter to control VM definition.
cpu_model
- cpu architecture: 'i686' or 'x86_64': default is x86_64. Note that your base box should specify this.core_number
- number of cpu cores.memory_size
- memory size such as 512m, 1GiB, 100000KiB, unit is KiB if unspecified.gui
- boolean for starting VM with VNC enabled.vnc_port
- The port the VNC server listens to. Default is automatic port assignment.vnc_autoport
- if true, KVM will automatically assign a port for VNC to listen to. Defaults to false, but the default vnc_port is -1, which results in this flag being automatically turned on by KVM.vnc_password
- A password used to protect the VNC session.image_type
- an image format for vm disk: 'raw' or 'qcow2': default is "qcow2" When choosing 'raw', vagrant-kvm always convert box image into storage-pool, which consumes disk space and is a longer process. Recommendation is 'qcow2'.machine_type
- The type of machine to boot. Default is pc-1.2.network_model
- The model of the network adapter you want to use. Defaults to virtio. Can be set to:default
if you want to use the KVM default setting. Possible values include: ne2k_isa i82551 i82557b i82559er ne2k_pci pcnet rtl8139 e1000 virtio.video_model
- The model of the video adapter. Default to cirrus. Can also be set to vga.image_mode
- Possible value areclone
orcow
, defaults tocow
. If set toclone
, the image disk will be copied rather than use the original box image. This is slower but allows multiple VMs to be booted at the same time.force_pause
- usepause
forvagrant suspend
instead ofsuspend
. It keeps resource online but execution is stopped. When VM has a device that is not supportedhibernate
, automatically usepause
regardless of this.
Comparison with Vagrant-libvirt
Vagrant-kvm is a KVM/Qemu provider for single local host. Vagrant-kvm is simple, local host only, qemu/kvm only provider that is intended as an alternative to VirtualBox while keeping the same workflow.
Vagrant-libvirt is a libvirt provider to control machines via the libvirt toolkit. Vagrant-libvirt covers a lot more libvirt options, local and remote hosts and multiple hypervisors, such as Xen, LXC and KVM/qemu.
In early 2014, Varant-libvirt only support kvm/qemu in local host, there is no big feature difference.
Here are a few difference:
1. Travis CI and quality assurance
Vagrant-kvm tests every pull request and repository with Travis-CI; https://travis-ci.org/adrahon/vagrant-kvm/ Vagrant-libvirt does not.
2. Copy-on-write
Vagrant-kvm by default uses the qcow2 format and qcow2 disk image backing to create a new volume from the box disk. This makes creating a new vm very fast, with some performance penalties. You can change this through configuration to clone(copy) disk image to pool instead. This will make new vm creation slower, but give you better disk performance. You can also configure vagrant-kvm to use raw images for an additional performance gain.
Vagrant-libvirt use qcow2 as disk image.
3. VNC port/password
Vagrant-kvm allows you to configure how to connect with VNC, which provides virtual guest desktop. Vagrant-libvirt is not.
4. Synced folder
Vagrant-kvm can provide synced folder with NFS only. We plan to provide virtfs(p9share) to allow sharing local folders without root privilege.
Vagrant-libvirt provide synced folder with Rsync and NFS. They also plan to support virtfs in future.
It is neccesary to fix several bugs in libvirt/qemu to enable virtfs feature in both providers.
5. Snapshots via sahara
Vagrant-kvm plan to support snapshot via sahara. We have already proposed to sahara project to add support and are waiting for review. https://github.com/jedi4ever/sahara/pull/32
Vagrant-libvirt is supported by sahara.
6. Use boxes from other Vagrant providers via vagrant-mutate
Both are supported by vagrant-mutate as convert target
7. Architecture
Vagrant-kvm control kvm/qemu via ruby-libvirt, libvirt and qemu.
Vagrant-libvirt control machines via fog, a cloud abstraction library in ruby, that is also used by vagrant-aws. A fog library control virtual machines on supported platforms and provide control of qemu/kvm machines through ruby-libvirt and libvirt.