File: README — Documentation for grape-jwt-authentication (2.5.0)

grape-jwt-authentication

This gem is dedicated to easily integrate a JWT authentication to your Grape API. The real authentication functionality must be provided by the user and this makes this gem highly flexible on the JWT verification level.

Installation
Usage
Development
Code of Conduct
Contributing
Releasing

Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem 'grape-jwt-authentication'

And then execute:

$ bundle

Or install it yourself as:

$ gem install grape-jwt-authentication

Usage

Grape API

You can enable the JWT authentication on any Grape API you like. This includes specific endpoints or a whole API. Just include the Grape::Jwt::Authentication module and configure it the way you like.

module UserApi
  class ApiV1 < Grape::API
    # All your fancy Grape API stuff [..]
    version 'v1', using: :path

    # Enable JWT authentication on this API
    include Grape::Jwt::Authentication
    auth :jwt
  end
end

Helpers

The inclusion of the Grape::Jwt::Authentication inserts some helpers to access the parsed and original JWT. This can be handy when you need to work with the JWT payload or perform some extra calculations with the expiration date of it. The following example demonstrated the usage of the helpers.

module UserApi
  class ApiV1 < Grape::API
    # All your fancy Grape API stuff [..]
    version 'v1', using: :path

    resource :payload do
      desc 'A JWT payload echo service.'
      get do
        # The parsed JWT which has an accessible payload (RecursiveOpenStruct)
        { payload: request_jwt.payload.to_h }
      end
    end

    resource :token do
      desc 'A JWT echo service.'
      get do
        # The original JWT parsed from the HTTP authorization header
        { token: original_request_jwt }
      end
    end

    # Enable JWT authentication on this API
    include Grape::Jwt::Authentication
    auth :jwt
  end
end

Configuration

This gem is quite customizable and flexible to fulfill your needs. You can make use of some parts and leave other if you do not care about them. We are not going to force the way how to verify JWT or work with them. Here comes a overview of the configurations you can do.

Authenticator

The authenticator function which must be defined by the user to verify the given JSON Web Token. Here comes all your logic to lookup the related user on your database, the token claim verification and/or the token cryptographic signing. The function must return true or false to indicate the validity of the token.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.authenticator = proc do |token|
    # Verify the token the way you like. (true, false)
  end
end

Malformed token handling

Whenever the given value on the Authorization header is not a valid Bearer authentication scheme or the token itself is not a valid JSON Web Token, this user defined function will be called. You can add custom handling of this situations, like responding a different HTTP status code, or a more detailed response body. By default the Rack stack will be interrupted and a response with the 400 Bad Request status code will be send to the client. The raw token (value of the Authorization header) and the Rack app will be injected to your function for maximum flexibility.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.malformed_auth_handler = proc do |raw_token, app|
    # Do your own error handling. (Rack interface)
  end
end

Failed authentication handling

When the client sends a correctly formatted JSON Web Token with the Bearer authentication scheme within the Authorization header and your authenticator fails for some reason (token claims, wrong audience, bad subject, expired token, wrong cryptographic signing etc), this function is called to handle the bad authentication. By default the Rack stack will be interrupted and a response with the 401 Unauthorized status code will be send to the client. You can customize this the way you like and send different error codes, or handle the error completely different. The parsed JSON Web Token and the Rack app will be injected to your function to allow any customized error handling.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.failed_auth_handler = proc do |token, app|
    # Do your own error handling. (Rack interface)
  end
end

RSA public key helper

We provide a straightforward solution to deal with the provision of RSA public keys. Sometimes you want to distribute them by file to each machine and have a local access, and sometimes you provide an endpoint on your identity provider to fetch the RSA public key via HTTP/HTTPS. The RsaPublicKey class helps you to fulfill this task easily.

Heads up! You can skip this if you do not care about RSA verification or have your own mechanism.

# Get your public key, by using the global configuration
public_key = Keyless::RsaPublicKey.fetch
# => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA

# Using a local configuration
fetcher = Keyless::RsaPublicKey.instance
fetcher.url = 'https://your.identity.provider/rsa_public_key'
public_key = fetcher.fetch
# => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA

The following examples show you how to configure the Keyless::RsaPublicKey class the global way. This is useful for a shared initializer place.

RSA public key location (URL)

Whenever you want to use the RsaPublicKey class you configure the default URL on the singleton instance, or use the gem configure method and set it up accordingly. We allow the fetch of the public key from a remote server (HTTP/HTTPS) or from a local file which is accessible by the ruby process. Specify the URL or the local path here. Not specified by default.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  # Local file
  conf.rsa_public_key_url = '/tmp/jwt_rsa.pub'
  # Remote URL
  conf.rsa_public_key_url = 'https://your.identity.provider/rsa_public_key'
end

RSA public key caching

You can configure the RsaPublickey class to enable/disable caching. For a remote public key location it is handy to cache the result for some time to keep the traffic low to the resource server. For a local file you can skip this. Disabled by default.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.rsa_public_key_caching = true
end

RSA public key cache expiration

When you make use of the cache of the RsaPublicKey class you can fine tune the expiration time. The RSA public key from your identity provider should not change this frequent, so a cache for at least one hour is fine. You should not set it lower than one minute. Keep this setting in mind when you change keys. Your infrastructure could be inoperable for this configured time. One hour by default.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.rsa_public_key_expiration = 1.hour
end

JWT instance helper

We ship a little wrapper class to ease the validation of JSON Web Tokens with the help of the great ruby-jwt library. This wrapper class provides some helpers like #access_token?, #refresh_token? or #expires_at which returns a ActiveSupport time-zoned representation of the token expiration timestamp. It is initially opinionated to RSA verification, but can be tuned to verify HMAC or ECDSA signed tokens. It integrated well with the RsaPublicKey fetcher class. (by default)

Heads up! You can skip this if you have your own JWT verification mechanism.

# A raw JWT (no signing, payload: {test: true})
raw_token = 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.eyJ0ZXN0Ijp0cnVlfQ.'

# Parse the raw token and create a instance of it
token = Keyless::Jwt.new(raw_token)

# Access the payload easily (recursive-open-struct)
token.payload.test
# => true

# Validate the token (we assume you configured the verification key, an/or
# you own custom JWT verification options here)
token.valid?
# => true

The following examples show you how to configure the Keyless::Jwt class the global way. This is useful for a shared initializer place.

Issuer verification

The JSON Web Token issuer which should be used for verification. When nil we also turn off the verification by default. (See the default JWT options)

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.jwt_issuer = 'your-identity-provider'
end

Beholder (audience) verification

The resource server (namely the one which configures this right now) which MUST be present on the JSON Web Token audience claim. When nil we also turn off the verification by default. (See the default JWT options)

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.jwt_beholder = 'your-resource-server'
end

Custom JWT verification options

You can configure a different JSON Web Token verification option hash if your algorithm differs or you want some extra/different options. Just watch out that you have to pass a proc to this configuration property. On the Keyless::Jwt class it has to be a simple hash. The default is here the RS256 algorithm with enabled expiration check, and issuer+audience check when the jwt_issuer / jwt_beholder are configured accordingly.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.jwt_options = proc do
    # See: https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt
    { algorithm: 'HS256' }
  end
end

Custom JWT verification key

You can configure your own verification key on the Jwt wrapper class. This way you can pass your HMAC secret or your ECDSA public key to the JSON Web Token validation method. Here you need to pass a proc, on the Keyless::Jwt class it has to be a scalar value. By default we use the RsaPublicKey class to retrieve the RSA public key.

Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  conf.jwt_verification_key = proc do
    # Retrieve your verification key (RSA, ECDSA, HMAC secret)
    # the way you like, and pass it back here.
  end
end

Per-API configuration

Imagine the migration of your API (say v2) and also the JSON Web Token payload changes in a way you need to handle. Maybe you want to be more strict on version 2 than on your old version 1. For this you can make use of the local configuration of the JWT authenticator, on your specific Grape API declaration. Here comes an example usage:

module UserApi
  class ApiV2 < Grape::API
    v2_auth_malformed = proc { |raw_token, app| [400, {}, ['Malformed!']] }
    v2_auth_failed = proc { |token, app| [401, {}, ['Go away!']] }

    # Enable JWT authentication on this API
    include Grape::Jwt::Authentication
    auth(:jwt, malformed: v2_auth_malformed,
               failed: v2_auth_failed) do |token|
      # Your new stricter v2 authenticator.
      false
    end
  end
end

Full RSA256 example

Here comes a full example of the opinionated RSA256 algorithm usage with a remote RSA public key location, enabled caching and a full token payload verification.

# On an initializer ..
Grape::Jwt::Authentication.configure do |conf|
  # The remote RSA public key location and enabled caching to limit the
  # traffic on the remote server.
  conf.rsa_public_key_url = 'https://your.identity.provider/rsa_public_key'
  conf.rsa_public_key_caching = true
  conf.rsa_public_key_expiration = 10.minutes

  # Configure the JWT wrapper.
  conf.jwt_issuer = 'The Identity Provider'
  conf.jwt_beholder = 'example-api'

  # Let Grape handle the malformed error with correct response formatting.
  # (XML, JSON)
  conf.malformed_auth_handler = proc do |raw_token, app|
    raise ArgumentError, 'Authorization header is malformed.'
  end

  # The same procedure for failed verifications. (XML, JSON formatting handled
  # external by Grape)
  conf.failed_auth_handler = proc do |token, app|
    raise ArgumentError, 'Access denied.'
  end

  # Custom verification logic.
  conf.authenticator = proc do |token|
    # Parse and instantiate a JWT verification instance
    jwt = Keyless::Jwt.new(token)

    # We just allow valid access tokens
    jwt.access_token? && jwt.valid?
  end
end

# On your Grape API ..
module UserApi
  class ApiV1 < Grape::API
    # Enable JWT authentication on this API
    include Grape::Jwt::Authentication
    auth :jwt
  end
end

Development

After checking out the repo, run make install to install dependencies. Then, run make test to run the tests. You can also run make shell-irb for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.

Code of Conduct

Everyone interacting in the project codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms and mailing lists is expected to follow the code of conduct.

Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/hausgold/grape-jwt-authentication. Make sure that every pull request adds a bullet point to the changelog file with a reference to the actual pull request.

Releasing

The release process of this Gem is fully automated. You just need to open the Github Actions Release Workflow and trigger a new run via the Run workflow button. Insert the new version number (check the changelog first for the latest release) and you're done.