Top Level Namespace
Defined Under Namespace
Modules: Mods
Constant Summary collapse
- MARC_COUNTRY =
Represents the Marc Country Codes mapped to names, from www.loc.gov/marc/countries/countries_code.html 2013-01-03 key - Marc Country code value - Marc Country term frozen_string_literal: true
{ 'aa' => "Albania", 'abc' => "Alberta", 'ac' => "Ashmore and Cartier Islands", # discontinued 'aca' => "Australian Capital Territory", 'ae' => "Algeria", 'af' => "Afghanistan", 'ag' => "Argentina", 'ai' => "Armenia (Republic)", 'air' => "Armenian S.S.R.", # discontinued 'aj' => "Azerbaijan", 'ajr' => "Azerbaijan S.S.R.", # discontinued 'aku' => "Alaska", 'alu' => "Alabama", 'am' => "Anguilla", 'an' => "Andorra", 'ao' => "Angola", 'aq' => "Antigua and Barbuda", 'aru' => "Arkansas", 'as' => "American Samoa", 'at' => "Australia", 'au' => "Austria", 'aw' => "Aruba", 'ay' => "Antarctica", 'azu' => "Arizona", 'ba' => "Bahrain", 'bb' => "Barbados", 'bcc' => "British Columbia", 'bd' => "Burundi", 'be' => "Belgium", 'bf' => "Bahamas", 'bg' => "Bangladesh", 'bh' => "Belize", 'bi' => "British Indian Ocean Territory", 'bl' => "Brazil", 'bm' => "Bermuda Islands", 'bn' => "Bosnia and Herzegovina", 'bo' => "Bolivia", 'bp' => "Solomon Islands", 'br' => "Burma", 'bs' => "Botswana", 'bt' => "Bhutan", 'bu' => "Bulgaria", 'bv' => "Bouvet Island", 'bw' => "Belarus", 'bwr' => "Byelorussian S.S.R.", # discontinued 'bx' => "Brunei", 'ca' => "Caribbean Netherlands", 'cau' => "California", 'cb' => "Cambodia", 'cc' => "China", 'cd' => "Chad", 'ce' => "Sri Lanka", 'cf' => "Congo (Brazzaville)", 'cg' => "Congo (Democratic Republic)", 'ch' => "China (Republic : 1949- )", 'ci' => "Croatia", 'cj' => "Cayman Islands", 'ck' => "Colombia", 'cl' => "Chile", 'cm' => "Cameroon", 'cn' => "Canada", # discontinued 'co' => "Curaçao", 'cou' => "Colorado", 'cp' => "Canton and Enderbury Islands", # discontinued 'cq' => "Comoros", 'cr' => "Costa Rica", 'cs' => "Czechoslovakia", # discontinued 'ctu' => "Connecticut", 'cu' => "Cuba", 'cv' => "Cabo Verde", 'cw' => "Cook Islands", 'cx' => "Central African Republic", 'cy' => "Cyprus", 'cz' => "Canal Zone", # discontinued 'dcu' => "District of Columbia", 'deu' => "Delaware", 'dk' => "Denmark", 'dm' => "Benin", 'dq' => "Dominica", 'dr' => "Dominican Republic", 'ea' => "Eritrea", 'ec' => "Ecuador", 'eg' => "Equatorial Guinea", 'em' => "Timor-Leste", 'enk' => "England", 'er' => "Estonia", 'err' => "Estonia", # discontinued 'es' => "El Salvador", 'et' => "Ethiopia", 'fa' => "Faroe Islands", 'fg' => "French Guiana", 'fi' => "Finland", 'fj' => "Fiji", 'fk' => "Falkland Islands", 'flu' => "Florida", 'fm' => "Micronesia (Federated States)", 'fp' => "French Polynesia", 'fr' => "France", 'fs' => "Terres australes et antarctiques françaises", 'ft' => "Djibouti", 'gau' => "Georgia", 'gb' => "Kiribati", 'gd' => "Grenada", 'ge' => "Germany (East)", # discontinued 'gg' => "Guernsey", 'gh' => "Ghana", 'gi' => "Gibraltar", 'gl' => "Greenland", 'gm' => "Gambia", 'gn' => "Gilbert and Ellice Islands", # discontinued 'go' => "Gabon", 'gp' => "Guadeloupe", 'gr' => "Greece", 'gs' => "Georgia (Republic)", 'gsr' => "Georgian S.S.R.", # discontinued 'gt' => "Guatemala", 'gu' => "Guam", 'gv' => "Guinea", 'gw' => "Germany", 'gy' => "Guyana", 'gz' => "Gaza Strip", 'hiu' => "Hawaii", 'hk' => "Hong Kong", # discontinued 'hm' => "Heard and McDonald Islands", 'ho' => "Honduras", 'ht' => "Haiti", 'hu' => "Hungary", 'iau' => "Iowa", 'ic' => "Iceland", 'idu' => "Idaho", 'ie' => "Ireland", 'ii' => "India", 'ilu' => "Illinois", 'im' => "Isle of Man", 'inu' => "Indiana", 'io' => "Indonesia", 'iq' => "Iraq", 'ir' => "Iran", 'is' => "Israel", 'it' => "Italy", 'iu' => "Israel-Syria Demilitarized Zones", # discontinued 'iv' => "Côte d'Ivoire", 'iw' => "Israel-Jordan Demilitarized Zones", # discontinued 'iy' => "Iraq-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone", 'ja' => "Japan", 'je' => "Jersey", 'ji' => "Johnston Atoll", 'jm' => "Jamaica", 'jn' => "Jan Mayen", # discontinued 'jo' => "Jordan", 'ke' => "Kenya", 'kg' => "Kyrgyzstan", 'kgr' => "Kirghiz S.S.R.", # discontinued 'kn' => "Korea (North)", 'ko' => "Korea (South)", 'ksu' => "Kansas", 'ku' => "Kuwait", 'kv' => "Kosovo", 'kyu' => "Kentucky", 'kz' => "Kazakhstan", 'kzr' => "Kazakh S.S.R.", # discontinued 'lau' => "Louisiana", 'lb' => "Liberia", 'le' => "Lebanon", 'lh' => "Liechtenstein", 'li' => "Lithuania", 'lir' => "Lithuania", # discontinued 'ln' => "Central and Southern Line Islands", # discontinued 'lo' => "Lesotho", 'ls' => "Laos", 'lu' => "Luxembourg", 'lv' => "Latvia", 'lvr' => "Latvia", # discontinued 'ly' => "Libya", 'mau' => "Massachusetts", 'mbc' => "Manitoba", 'mc' => "Monaco", 'mdu' => "Maryland", 'meu' => "Maine", 'mf' => "Mauritius", 'mg' => "Madagascar", 'mh' => "Macao", # discontinued 'miu' => "Michigan", 'mj' => "Montserrat", 'mk' => "Oman", 'ml' => "Mali", 'mm' => "Malta", 'mnu' => "Minnesota", 'mo' => "Montenegro", 'mou' => "Missouri", 'mp' => "Mongolia", 'mq' => "Martinique", 'mr' => "Morocco", 'msu' => "Mississippi", 'mtu' => "Montana", 'mu' => "Mauritania", 'mv' => "Moldova", 'mvr' => "Moldavian S.S.R.", # discontinued 'mw' => "Malawi", 'mx' => "Mexico", 'my' => "Malaysia", 'mz' => "Mozambique", 'na' => "Netherlands Antilles", # discontinued 'nbu' => "Nebraska", 'ncu' => "North Carolina", 'ndu' => "North Dakota", 'ne' => "Netherlands", 'nfc' => "Newfoundland and Labrador", 'ng' => "Niger", 'nhu' => "New Hampshire", 'nik' => "Northern Ireland", 'nju' => "New Jersey", 'nkc' => "New Brunswick", 'nl' => "New Caledonia", 'nm' => "Northern Mariana Islands", # discontinued 'nmu' => "New Mexico", 'nn' => "Vanuatu", 'no' => "Norway", 'np' => "Nepal", 'nq' => "Nicaragua", 'nr' => "Nigeria", 'nsc' => "Nova Scotia", 'ntc' => "Northwest Territories", 'nu' => "Nauru", 'nuc' => "Nunavut", 'nvu' => "Nevada", 'nw' => "Northern Mariana Islands", 'nx' => "Norfolk Island", 'nyu' => "New York (State)", 'nz' => "New Zealand", 'ohu' => "Ohio", 'oku' => "Oklahoma", 'onc' => "Ontario", 'oru' => "Oregon", 'ot' => "Mayotte", 'pau' => "Pennsylvania", 'pc' => "Pitcairn Island", 'pe' => "Peru", 'pf' => "Paracel Islands", 'pg' => "Guinea-Bissau", 'ph' => "Philippines", 'pic' => "Prince Edward Island", 'pk' => "Pakistan", 'pl' => "Poland", 'pn' => "Panama", 'po' => "Portugal", 'pp' => "Papua New Guinea", 'pr' => "Puerto Rico", 'pt' => "Portuguese Timor", # discontinued 'pw' => "Palau", 'py' => "Paraguay", 'qa' => "Qatar", 'qea' => "Queensland", 'quc' => "Québec (Province)", 'rb' => "Serbia", 're' => "Réunion", 'rh' => "Zimbabwe", 'riu' => "Rhode Island", 'rm' => "Romania", 'ru' => "Russia (Federation)", 'rur' => "Russian S.F.S.R.", # discontinued 'rw' => "Rwanda", 'ry' => "Ryukyu Islands, Southern", # discontinued 'sa' => "South Africa", 'sb' => "Svalbard", # discontinued 'sc' => "Saint-Barthélemy", 'scu' => "South Carolina", 'sd' => "South Sudan", 'sdu' => "South Dakota", 'se' => "Seychelles", 'sf' => "Sao Tome and Principe", 'sg' => "Senegal", 'sh' => "Spanish North Africa", 'si' => "Singapore", 'sj' => "Sudan", 'sk' => "Sikkim", # discontinued 'sl' => "Sierra Leone", 'sm' => "San Marino", 'sn' => "Sint Maarten", 'snc' => "Saskatchewan", 'so' => "Somalia", 'sp' => "Spain", 'sq' => "Eswatini", 'sr' => "Surinam", 'ss' => "Western Sahara", 'st' => "Saint-Martin", 'stk' => "Scotland", 'su' => "Saudi Arabia", 'sv' => "Swan Islands", # discontinued 'sw' => "Sweden", 'sx' => "Namibia", 'sy' => "Syria", 'sz' => "Switzerland", 'ta' => "Tajikistan", 'tar' => "Tajik S.S.R.", # discontinued 'tc' => "Turks and Caicos Islands", 'tg' => "Togo", 'th' => "Thailand", 'ti' => "Tunisia", 'tk' => "Turkmenistan", 'tkr' => "Turkmen S.S.R.", # discontinued 'tl' => "Tokelau", 'tma' => "Tasmania", 'tnu' => "Tennessee", 'to' => "Tonga", 'tr' => "Trinidad and Tobago", 'ts' => "United Arab Emirates", 'tt' => "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands", # discontinued 'tu' => "Turkey", 'tv' => "Tuvalu", 'txu' => "Texas", 'tz' => "Tanzania", 'ua' => "Egypt", 'uc' => "United States Misc. Caribbean Islands", 'ug' => "Uganda", 'ui' => "United Kingdom Misc. Islands", # discontinued 'uik' => "United Kingdom Misc. Islands", 'uk' => "United Kingdom", # discontinued 'un' => "Ukraine", 'unr' => "Ukraine", # discontinued 'up' => "United States Misc. Pacific Islands", 'ur' => "Soviet Union", # discontinued 'us' => "United States", # discontinued 'utu' => "Utah", 'uv' => "Burkina Faso", 'uy' => "Uruguay", 'uz' => "Uzbekistan", 'uzr' => "Uzbek S.S.R.", # discontinued 'vau' => "Virginia", 'vb' => "British Virgin Islands", 'vc' => "Vatican City", 've' => "Venezuela", 'vi' => "Virgin Islands of the United States", 'vm' => "Vietnam", 'vn' => "Vietnam, North", # discontinued 'vp' => "Various places", 'vra' => "Victoria", 'vs' => "Vietnam, South", # discontinued 'vtu' => "Vermont", 'wau' => "Washington (State)", 'wb' => "West Berlin", # discontinued 'wea' => "Western Australia", 'wf' => "Wallis and Futuna", 'wiu' => "Wisconsin", 'wj' => "West Bank of the Jordan River", 'wk' => "Wake Island", 'wlk' => "Wales", 'ws' => "Samoa", 'wvu' => "West Virginia", 'wyu' => "Wyoming", 'xa' => "Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)", 'xb' => "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", 'xc' => "Maldives", 'xd' => "Saint Kitts-Nevis", 'xe' => "Marshall Islands", 'xf' => "Midway Islands", 'xga' => "Coral Sea Islands Territory", 'xh' => "Niue", 'xi' => "Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla", # discontinued 'xj' => "Saint Helena", 'xk' => "Saint Lucia", 'xl' => "Saint Pierre and Miquelon", 'xm' => "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", 'xn' => "North Macedonia", 'xna' => "New South Wales", 'xo' => "Slovakia", 'xoa' => "Northern Territory", 'xp' => "Spratly Island", 'xr' => "Czech Republic", 'xra' => "South Australia", 'xs' => "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", 'xv' => "Slovenia", 'xx' => "No place, unknown, or undetermined", 'xxc' => "Canada", 'xxk' => "United Kingdom", 'xxr' => "Soviet Union", # discontinued 'xxu' => "United States", 'ye' => "Yemen", 'ykc' => "Yukon Territory", 'ys' => "Yemen (People's Democratic Republic)", # discontinued 'yu' => "Serbia and Montenegro", # discontinued 'za' => "Zambia" }.freeze
- MARC_RELATOR =
Represents the Marc Relator Codes mapped to Relators, from www.loc.gov/marc/relators/relacode.html 2012-12
key - Marc Relator code value - Marc Relator term
{ 'acp' => 'Art copyist', 'act' => 'Actor', 'adp' => 'Adapter', 'aft' => 'Author of afterword, colophon, etc.', 'anl' => 'Analyst', 'anm' => 'Animator', 'ann' => 'Annotator', 'ant' => 'Bibliographic antecedent', 'app' => 'Applicant', 'aqt' => 'Author in quotations or text abstracts', 'arc' => 'Architect', 'ard' => 'Artistic director', 'arr' => 'Arranger', 'art' => 'Artist', 'asg' => 'Assignee', 'asn' => 'Associated name', 'att' => 'Attributed name', 'auc' => 'Auctioneer', 'aud' => 'Author of dialog', 'aui' => 'Author of introduction', 'aus' => 'Author of screenplay', 'aut' => 'Author', 'bdd' => 'Binding designer', 'bjd' => 'Bookjacket designer', 'bkd' => 'Book designer', 'bkp' => 'Book producer', 'blw' => 'Blurb writer', 'bnd' => 'Binder', 'bpd' => 'Bookplate designer', 'bsl' => 'Bookseller', 'ccp' => 'Conceptor', 'chr' => 'Choreographer', 'clb' => 'Collaborator', 'cli' => 'Client', 'cll' => 'Calligrapher', 'clr' => 'Colorist', 'clt' => 'Collotyper', 'cmm' => 'Commentator', 'cmp' => 'Composer', 'cmt' => 'Compositor', 'cng' => 'Cinematographer', 'cnd' => 'Conductor', 'cns' => 'Censor', 'coe' => 'Contestant -appellee', 'col' => 'Collector', 'com' => 'Compiler', 'con' => 'Conservator', 'cos' => 'Contestant', 'cot' => 'Contestant -appellant', 'cov' => 'Cover designer', 'cpc' => 'Copyright claimant', 'cpe' => 'Complainant-appellee', 'cph' => 'Copyright holder', 'cpl' => 'Complainant', 'cpt' => 'Complainant-appellant', 'cre' => 'Creator', 'crp' => 'Correspondent', 'crr' => 'Corrector', 'csl' => 'Consultant', 'csp' => 'Consultant to a project', 'cst' => 'Costume designer', 'ctb' => 'Contributor', 'cte' => 'Contestee-appellee', 'ctg' => 'Cartographer', 'ctr' => 'Contractor', 'cts' => 'Contestee', 'ctt' => 'Contestee-appellant', 'cur' => 'Curator', 'cwt' => 'Commentator for written text', 'dfd' => 'Defendant', 'dfe' => 'Defendant-appellee', 'dft' => 'Defendant-appellant', 'dgg' => 'Degree grantor', 'dis' => 'Dissertant', 'dln' => 'Delineator', 'dnc' => 'Dancer', 'dnr' => 'Donor', 'dpb' => 'Distribution place', 'dpc' => 'Depicted', 'dpt' => 'Depositor', 'drm' => 'Draftsman', 'drt' => 'Director', 'dsr' => 'Designer', 'dst' => 'Distributor', 'dtc' => 'Data contributor', 'dte' => 'Dedicatee', 'dtm' => 'Data manager', 'dto' => 'Dedicator', 'dub' => 'Dubious author', 'edt' => 'Editor', 'egr' => 'Engraver', 'elg' => 'Electrician', 'elt' => 'Electrotyper', 'eng' => 'Engineer', 'etr' => 'Etcher', 'evp' => 'Event place', 'exp' => 'Expert', 'fac' => 'Facsimilist', 'fld' => 'Field director', 'flm' => 'Film editor', 'fmo' => 'Former owner', 'fpy' => 'First party', 'fnd' => 'Funder', 'frg' => 'Forger', 'gis' => 'Geographic information specialist', 'grt' => 'Graphic technician', 'hnr' => 'Honoree', 'hst' => 'Host', 'ill' => 'Illustrator', 'ilu' => 'Illuminator', 'ins' => 'Inscriber', 'inv' => 'Inventor', 'itr' => 'Instrumentalist', 'ive' => 'Interviewee', 'ivr' => 'Interviewer', 'lbr' => 'Laboratory', 'lbt' => 'Librettist', 'ldr' => 'Laboratory director', 'led' => 'Lead', 'lee' => 'Libelee-appellee', 'lel' => 'Libelee', 'len' => 'Lender', 'let' => 'Libelee-appellant', 'lgd' => 'Lighting designer', 'lie' => 'Libelant-appellee', 'lil' => 'Libelant', 'lit' => 'Libelant-appellant', 'lsa' => 'Landscape architect', 'lse' => 'Licensee', 'lso' => 'Licensor', 'ltg' => 'Lithographer', 'lyr' => 'Lyricist', 'mcp' => 'Music copyist', 'mfp' => 'Manufacture place', 'mfr' => 'Manufacturer', 'mdc' => 'Metadata contact', 'mod' => 'Moderator', 'mon' => 'Monitor', 'mrb' => 'Marbler', 'mrk' => 'Markup editor', 'msd' => 'Musical director', 'mte' => 'Metal-engraver', 'mus' => 'Musician', 'nrt' => 'Narrator', 'opn' => 'Opponent', 'org' => 'Originator', 'orm' => 'Organizer of meeting', 'oth' => 'Other', 'own' => 'Owner', 'pat' => 'Patron', 'pbd' => 'Publishing director', 'pbl' => 'Publisher', 'pdr' => 'Project director', 'pfr' => 'Proofreader', 'pht' => 'Photographer', 'plt' => 'Platemaker', 'pma' => 'Permitting agency', 'pmn' => 'Production manager', 'pop' => 'Printer of plates', 'ppm' => 'Papermaker', 'ppt' => 'Puppeteer', 'prc' => 'Process contact', 'prd' => 'Production personnel', 'prf' => 'Performer', 'prg' => 'Programmer', 'prm' => 'Printmaker', 'pro' => 'Producer', 'prp' => 'Production place', 'prt' => 'Printer', 'pta' => 'Patent applicant', 'pte' => 'Plaintiff -appellee', 'ptf' => 'Plaintiff', 'pth' => 'Patent holder', 'ptt' => 'Plaintiff-appellant', 'pup' => 'Publication place', 'rbr' => 'Rubricator', 'rce' => 'Recording engineer', 'rcp' => 'Recipient', 'red' => 'Redactor', 'ren' => 'Renderer', 'res' => 'Researcher', 'rev' => 'Reviewer', 'rps' => 'Repository', 'rpt' => 'Reporter', 'rpy' => 'Responsible party', 'rse' => 'Respondent-appellee', 'rsg' => 'Restager', 'rsp' => 'Respondent', 'rst' => 'Respondent-appellant', 'rth' => 'Research team head', 'rtm' => 'Research team member', 'sad' => 'Scientific advisor', 'sce' => 'Scenarist', 'scl' => 'Sculptor', 'scr' => 'Scribe', 'sds' => 'Sound designer', 'sec' => 'Secretary', 'sgn' => 'Signer', 'sht' => 'Supporting host', 'sng' => 'Singer', 'spk' => 'Speaker', 'spn' => 'Sponsor', 'spy' => 'Second party', 'srv' => 'Surveyor', 'std' => 'Set designer', 'stl' => 'Storyteller', 'stm' => 'Stage manager', 'stn' => 'Standards body', 'str' => 'Stereotyper', 'tcd' => 'Technical director', 'tch' => 'Teacher', 'ths' => 'Thesis advisor', 'trc' => 'Transcriber', 'trl' => 'Translator', 'tyd' => 'Type designer', 'tyg' => 'Typographer', 'uvp' => 'University place', 'vdg' => 'Videographer', 'voc' => 'Vocalist', 'wam' => 'Writer of accompanying material', 'wdc' => 'Woodcutter', 'wde' => 'Wood-engraver', 'wit' => 'Witness' }
- MARC_GEOGRAPHIC_AREA =
Represents the Marc Geographic Area Codes mapped to names, from www.loc.gov/marc/geoareas/gacs_code.html 2013-01-03 key - Marc Geographic Area code value - Marc Geographic Area term
{ 'a' => 'Asia', 'a-af' => 'Afghanistan', 'a-ai' => 'Armenia (Republic)', 'a-aj' => 'Azerbaijan', 'a-ba' => 'Bahrain', 'a-bg' => 'Bangladesh', 'a-bn' => 'Borneo', 'a-br' => 'Burma', 'a-bt' => 'Bhutan', 'a-bx' => 'Brunei', 'a-cb' => 'Cambodia', 'a-cc' => 'China', 'a-cc-an' => 'Anhui Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-ch' => 'Zhejiang Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-cq' => 'Chongqing (China)', 'a-cc-fu' => 'Fujian Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-ha' => 'Hainan Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-he' => 'Heilongjiang Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-hh' => 'Hubei Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-hk' => 'Hong Kong (China)', 'a-cc-ho' => 'Henan Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-hp' => 'Hebei Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-hu' => 'Hunan Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-im' => 'Inner Mongolia (China)', 'a-cc-ka' => 'Gansu Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-kc' => 'Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China)', 'a-cc-ki' => 'Jiangxi Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-kn' => 'Guangdong Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-kr' => 'Jilin Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-ku' => 'Jiangsu Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-kw' => 'Guizhou Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-lp' => 'Liaoning Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-mh' => 'Macau (China : Special Administrative Region)', 'a-cc-nn' => 'Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (China)', 'a-cc-pe' => 'Beijing (China)', 'a-cc-sh' => 'Shanxi Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-sm' => 'Shanghai (China)', 'a-cc-sp' => 'Shandong Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-ss' => 'Shaanxi Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-su' => 'Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)', 'a-cc-sz' => 'Sichuan Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-ti' => 'Tibet (China)', 'a-cc-tn' => 'Tianjin (China)', 'a-cc-ts' => 'Qinghai Sheng (China)', 'a-cc-yu' => 'Yunnan Sheng (China)', 'a-ccg' => 'Yangtze River (China)', 'a-cck' => 'Kunlun Mountains (China and India)', 'a-ccp' => 'Bo Hai (China)', 'a-ccs' => 'Xi River (China)', 'a-ccy' => 'Yellow River (China)', 'a-ce' => 'Sri Lanka', 'a-ch' => 'Taiwan', 'a-cy' => 'Cyprus', 'a-em' => 'Timor-Leste', 'a-gs' => 'Georgia (Republic)', 'a-hk' => 'Hong Kong', # discontinued 'a-ii' => 'India', 'a-io' => 'Indonesia', 'a-iq' => 'Iraq', 'a-ir' => 'Iran', 'a-is' => 'Israel', 'a-ja' => 'Japan', 'a-jo' => 'Jordan', 'a-kg' => 'Kyrgyzstan', 'a-kn' => 'Korea (North)', 'a-ko' => 'Korea (South)', 'a-kr' => 'Korea', 'a-ku' => 'Kuwait', 'a-kz' => 'Kazakhstan', 'a-le' => 'Lebanon', 'a-ls' => 'Laos', 'a-mh' => 'Macao', # discontinued 'a-mk' => 'Oman', 'a-mp' => 'Mongolia', 'a-my' => 'Malaysia', 'a-np' => 'Nepal', 'a-nw' => 'New Guinea', 'a-ok' => 'Okinawa', # discontinued 'a-ph' => 'Philippines', 'a-pk' => 'Pakistan', 'a-pp' => 'Papua New Guinea', 'a-pt' => 'Portuguese Timor', # discontinued 'a-qa' => 'Qatar', 'a-si' => 'Singapore', 'a-sk' => 'Sikkim', # discontinued 'a-su' => 'Saudi Arabia', 'a-sy' => 'Syria', 'a-ta' => 'Tajikistan', 'a-th' => 'Thailand', 'a-tk' => 'Turkmenistan', 'a-ts' => 'United Arab Emirates', 'a-tu' => 'Turkey', 'a-uz' => 'Uzbekistan', 'a-vn' => 'Viet Nam, North', # discontinued 'a-vs' => 'Viet Nam, South', # discontinued 'a-vt' => 'Vietnam', 'a-ye' => 'Yemen (Republic)', 'a-ys' => "Yemen (People's Democratic Republic)", # discontinued 'aa' => 'Amur River (China and Russia)', 'ab' => 'Bengal, Bay of', 'ac' => 'Asia, Central', 'ae' => 'East Asia', 'af' => 'Thailand, Gulf of', 'ag' => 'Mekong River', 'ah' => 'Himalaya Mountains', 'ai' => 'Indochina', 'ak' => 'Caspian Sea', 'am' => 'Malaya', 'an' => 'East China Sea', 'ao' => 'South China Sea', 'aopf' => 'Paracel Islands', 'aoxp' => 'Spratly Islands', 'ap' => 'Persian Gulf', 'ar' => 'Arabian Peninsula', 'as' => 'Southeast Asia', 'at' => 'Tien Shan', 'au' => 'Arabian Sea', 'aw' => 'Middle East', 'awba' => 'West Bank', 'awgz' => 'Gaza Strip', 'awiu' => 'Israel-Syria Demilitarized Zones', # discontinued 'awiw' => 'Israel-Jordan Demilitarized Zones', # discontinued 'awiy' => 'Iraq-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone', # discontinued 'ay' => 'Yellow Sea', 'az' => 'South Asia', 'b' => 'Commonwealth countries', 'c' => 'Intercontinental areas (Western Hemisphere)', 'cc' => 'Caribbean Area; Caribbean Sea', 'cl' => 'Latin America', 'cm' => 'Middle America', # discontinued 'cr' => 'Circumcaribbean', # discontinued 'd' => 'Developing countries', 'dd' => 'Developed countries', 'e' => 'Europe', 'e-aa' => 'Albania', 'e-an' => 'Andorra', 'e-au' => 'Austria', 'e-be' => 'Belgium', 'e-bn' => 'Bosnia and Hercegovina', 'e-bu' => 'Bulgaria', 'e-bw' => 'Belarus', 'e-ci' => 'Croatia', 'e-cs' => 'Czechoslovakia', 'e-dk' => 'Denmark', 'e-er' => 'Estonia', 'e-fi' => 'Finland', 'e-fr' => 'France', 'e-ge' => 'Germany (East)', 'e-gi' => 'Gibraltar', 'e-gr' => 'Greece', 'e-gw' => 'Germany (West)', 'e-gx' => 'Germany', 'e-hu' => 'Hungary', 'e-ic' => 'Iceland', 'e-ie' => 'Ireland', 'e-it' => 'Italy', 'e-kv' => 'Kosovo', 'e-lh' => 'Liechtenstein', 'e-li' => 'Lithuania', 'e-lu' => 'Luxembourg', 'e-lv' => 'Latvia', 'e-mc' => 'Monaco', 'e-mm' => 'Malta', 'e-mo' => 'Montenegro', 'e-mv' => 'Moldova', 'e-ne' => 'Netherlands', 'e-no' => 'Norway', 'e-pl' => 'Poland', 'e-po' => 'Portugal', 'e-rb' => 'Serbia', 'e-rm' => 'Romania', 'e-ru' => 'Russia (Federation)', 'e-sm' => 'San Marino', 'e-sp' => 'Spain', 'e-sw' => 'Sweden', 'e-sz' => 'Switzerland', 'e-uk' => 'Great Britain', 'e-uk-en' => 'England', 'e-uk-ni' => 'Northern Ireland', 'e-uk-st' => 'Scotland', 'e-uk-ui' => 'Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies', 'e-uk-wl' => 'Wales', 'e-un' => 'Ukraine', 'e-ur' => 'Russia. Russian Empire. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics', #'e-ur' => 'Central Region, RSFSR', # discontinued #'e-ur' => 'Soviet Central Asia', # discontinued #'e-ur' => 'Volgo-Viatskii Region, RSFSR', # discontinued 'e-ur-ai' => 'Armenia (Republic)', # discontinued 'e-ur-aj' => 'Azerbaijan', # discontinued 'e-ur-bw' => 'Belarus', # discontinued 'e-ur-er' => 'Estonia', # discontinued 'e-ur-gs' => 'Georgia (Republic)', # discontinued 'e-ur-kg' => 'Kyrgyzstan', # discontinued 'e-ur-kz' => 'Kazakhstan', # discontinued 'e-ur-li' => 'Lithuania', # discontinued 'e-ur-lv' => 'Latvia', # discontinued 'e-ur-mv' => 'Moldova', # discontinued 'e-ur-ru' => 'Russia (Federation)', # discontinued 'e-ur-ta' => 'Tajikistan', # discontinued 'e-ur-tk' => 'Turkmenistan', # discontinued 'e-ur-un' => 'Ukraine', # discontinued 'e-ur-uz' => 'Uzbekistan', # discontinued 'e-urc' => 'Central Chernozem Region (Russia)', 'e-ure' => 'Siberia, Eastern (Russia)', 'e-urf' => 'Russian Far East (Russia)', 'e-urk' => 'Caucasus', 'e-urn' => 'Soviet Union, Northwestern', 'e-urp' => 'Volga River (Russia)', 'e-urr' => 'Caucasus, Northern (Russia)', 'e-urs' => 'Siberia (Russia)', 'e-uru' => 'Ural Mountains (Russia)', 'e-urw' => 'Siberia, Western (Russia)', 'e-vc' => ' Vatican City', 'e-xn' => ' Macedonia (Republic)', 'e-xo' => ' Slovakia', 'e-xr' => ' Czech Republic', 'e-xv' => ' Slovenia', 'e-yu' => ' Serbia and Montenegro; Yugoslavia', 'ea' => 'Alps', 'eb' => 'Baltic States', 'ec' => 'Europe, Central', 'ed' => 'Balkan Peninsula', 'ee' => 'Europe, Eastern', 'ei' => 'Iberian Peninsula', # discontinued 'el' => 'Benelux countries', 'en' => 'Europe, Northern', 'eo' => 'Danube River', 'ep' => 'Pyrenees', 'er' => 'Rhine River', 'es' => 'Europe, Southern', 'et' => 'Europe, East Central', # discontinued 'ev' => 'Scandinavia', 'ew' => 'Europe, Western', 'f' => 'Africa', 'f-ae' => 'Algeria', 'f-ao' => 'Angola', 'f-bd' => 'Burundi', 'f-bs' => 'Botswana', 'f-by' => 'Biafra', # discontinued 'f-cd' => 'Chad', 'f-cf' => 'Congo (Brazzaville)', 'f-cg' => 'Congo (Democratic Republic)', 'f-cm' => 'Cameroon', 'f-cx' => 'Central African Republic', 'f-dm' => 'Benin', 'f-ea' => 'Eritrea', 'f-eg' => 'Equatorial Guinea', 'f-et' => 'Ethiopia', 'f-ft' => 'Djibouti', 'f-gh' => 'Ghana', 'f-gm' => 'Gambia', 'f-go' => 'Gabon', 'f-gv' => 'Guinea', 'f-if' => 'Ifni', # discontinued 'f-iv' => "Côte d'Ivoire", 'f-ke' => 'Kenya', 'f-lb' => 'Liberia', 'f-lo' => 'Lesotho', 'f-ly' => 'Libya', 'f-mg' => 'Madagascar', 'f-ml' => 'Mali', 'f-mr' => 'Morocco', 'f-mu' => 'Mauritania', 'f-mw' => 'Malawi', 'f-mz' => 'Mozambique', 'f-ng' => 'Niger', 'f-nr' => 'Nigeria', 'f-pg' => 'Guinea-Bissau', 'f-rh' => 'Zimbabwe', 'f-rw' => 'Rwanda', 'f-sa' => 'South Africa', 'f-sd' => 'South Sudan', 'f-sf' => 'Sao Tome and Principe', 'f-sg' => 'Senegal', 'f-sh' => 'Spanish North Africa', 'f-sj' => 'Sudan', 'f-sl' => 'Sierra Leone', 'f-so' => 'Somalia', 'f-sq' => 'Swaziland', 'f-ss' => 'Western Sahara', 'f-sx' => 'Namibia', 'f-tg' => 'Togo', 'f-ti' => 'Tunisia', 'f-tz' => 'Tanzania', 'f-ua' => 'Egypt', 'f-ug' => 'Uganda', 'f-uv' => 'Burkina Faso', 'f-za' => 'Zambia', 'fa' => 'Atlas Mountains', 'fb' => 'Africa, Sub-Saharan', 'fc' => 'Africa, Central', 'fd' => 'Sahara', 'fe' => 'Africa, Eastern', 'ff' => 'Africa, North', 'fg' => 'Congo River', 'fh' => 'Africa, Northeast', 'fi' => 'Niger River', 'fl' => 'Nile River', 'fn' => 'Sudan (Region)', 'fq' => 'Africa, French-speaking Equatorial', 'fr' => 'Great Rift Valley', 'fs' => 'Africa, Southern', 'fu' => 'Suez Canal (Egypt)', 'fv' => 'Volta River (Ghana)', 'fw' => 'Africa, West', 'fz' => 'Zambezi River', 'h' => 'French Community', 'i' => 'Indian Ocean', 'i-bi' => 'British Indian Ocean Territory', 'i-cq' => 'Comoros', 'i-fs' => 'Terres australes et antarctiques françaises', 'i-hm' => 'Heard and McDonald Islands', 'i-mf' => 'Mauritius', 'i-my' => 'Mayotte', 'i-re' => 'Réunion', 'i-se' => 'Seychelles', 'i-xa' => 'Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)', 'i-xb' => 'Cocos (Keeling) Islands', 'i-xc' => 'Maldives', 'i-xo' => 'Socotra Island', # discontinued 'l' => 'Atlantic Ocean', 'ln' => 'North Atlantic Ocean', 'lnaz' => 'Azores', 'lnbm' => 'Bermuda Islands', 'lnca' => 'Canary Islands', 'lncv' => 'Cape Verde', 'lnfa' => 'Faroe Islands', 'lnjn' => 'Jan Mayen Island', 'lnma' => 'Madeira Islands', 'lnsb' => 'Svalbard (Norway)', 'ls' => ' South Atlantic Ocean', 'lsai' => 'Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean)', 'lsbv' => 'Bouvet Island', 'lsfk' => 'Falkland Islands', 'lstd' => 'Tristan da Cunha', 'lsxj' => 'Saint Helena', 'lsxs' => 'South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands', 'm' => 'Intercontinental areas (Eastern Hemisphere)', 'ma' => 'Arab countries', 'mb' => 'Black Sea', 'me' => 'Eurasia', 'mm' => 'Mediterranean Region; Mediterranean Sea', 'mr' => 'Red Sea', 'n' => 'North America', 'n-cn' => 'Canada', 'n-cn-ab' => 'Alberta', 'n-cn-bc' => 'British Columbia', 'n-cn-mb' => 'Manitoba', 'n-cn-nf' => 'Newfoundland and Labrador', 'n-cn-nk' => 'New Brunswick', 'n-cn-ns' => 'Nova Scotia', 'n-cn-nt' => 'Northwest Territories', 'n-cn-nu' => 'Nunavut', 'n-cn-on' => 'Ontario', 'n-cn-pi' => 'Prince Edward Island', 'n-cn-qu' => 'Québec (Province)', 'n-cn-sn' => 'Saskatchewan', 'n-cn-yk' => 'Yukon Territory', 'n-cnh' => 'Hudson Bay', 'n-cnm' => 'Maritime Provinces', 'n-cnp' => 'Prairie Provinces', 'n-gl' => 'Greenland', 'n-mx' => 'Mexico', 'n-us' => 'United States', 'n-us-ak' => 'Alaska', 'n-us-al' => 'Alabama', 'n-us-ar' => 'Arkansas', 'n-us-az' => 'Arizona', 'n-us-ca' => 'California', 'n-us-co' => 'Colorado', 'n-us-ct' => 'Connecticut', 'n-us-dc' => 'Washington (D.C.)', 'n-us-de' => 'Delaware', 'n-us-fl' => 'Florida', 'n-us-ga' => 'Georgia', 'n-us-hi' => 'Hawaii', 'n-us-ia' => 'Iowa', 'n-us-id' => 'Idaho', 'n-us-il' => 'Illinois', 'n-us-in' => 'Indiana', 'n-us-ks' => 'Kansas', 'n-us-ky' => 'Kentucky', 'n-us-la' => 'Louisiana', 'n-us-ma' => 'Massachusetts', 'n-us-md' => 'Maryland', 'n-us-me' => 'Maine', 'n-us-mi' => 'Michigan', 'n-us-mn' => 'Minnesota', 'n-us-mo' => 'Missouri', 'n-us-ms' => 'Mississippi', 'n-us-mt' => 'Montana', 'n-us-nb' => 'Nebraska', 'n-us-nc' => 'North Carolina', 'n-us-nd' => 'North Dakota', 'n-us-nh' => 'New Hampshire', 'n-us-nj' => 'New Jersey', 'n-us-nm' => 'New Mexico', 'n-us-nv' => 'Nevada', 'n-us-ny' => 'New York', 'n-us-oh' => 'Ohio', 'n-us-ok' => 'Oklahoma', 'n-us-or' => 'Oregon', 'n-us-pa' => 'Pennsylvania', 'n-us-ri' => 'Rhode Island', 'n-us-sc' => 'South Carolina', 'n-us-sd' => 'South Dakota', 'n-us-tn' => 'Tennessee', 'n-us-tx' => 'Texas', 'n-us-ut' => 'Utah', 'n-us-va' => 'Virginia', 'n-us-vt' => 'Vermont', 'n-us-wa' => 'Washington (State)', 'n-us-wi' => 'Wisconsin', 'n-us-wv' => 'West Virginia', 'n-us-wy' => 'Wyoming', 'n-usa' => 'Appalachian Mountains', 'n-usc' => 'Middle West', 'n-use' => 'Northeastern States', 'n-usl' => 'Middle Atlantic States', 'n-usm' => 'Mississippi River', 'n-usn' => 'New England', 'n-uso' => 'Ohio River', 'n-usp' => 'West (U.S.)', 'n-usr' => 'East (U.S.)', 'n-uss' => 'Missouri River', 'n-ust' => 'Southwest, New', 'n-usu' => 'Southern States', 'n-usw' => 'Northwest (U.S.)', # discontinued 'n-xl' => 'Saint Pierre and Miquelon', 'nc' => ' Central America', 'ncbh' => 'Belize', 'nccr' => 'Costa Rica', 'nccz' => 'Canal Zone', 'nces' => 'El Salvador', 'ncgt' => 'Guatemala', 'ncho' => 'Honduras', 'ncnq' => 'Nicaragua', 'ncpn' => 'Panama', 'nl' => 'Great Lakes (North America); Lake States', 'nm' => 'Mexico, Gulf of', 'np' => 'Great Plains', 'nr' => 'Rocky Mountains', 'nw' => 'West Indies', 'nwaq' => 'Antigua and Barbuda', 'nwaw' => 'Aruba', 'nwbb' => 'Barbados', 'nwbc' => 'Barbuda', # discontinued 'nwbf' => 'Bahamas', 'nwbn' => 'Bonaire', 'nwcj' => 'Cayman Islands', 'nwco' => 'Curaçao', 'nwcu' => 'Cuba', 'nwdq' => 'Dominica', 'nwdr' => 'Dominican Republic', 'nweu' => 'Sint Eustatius', 'nwga' => 'Greater Antilles', # discontinued 'nwgd' => 'Grenada', 'nwgp' => 'Guadeloupe', 'nwgs' => 'Grenadines', # discontinued 'nwhi' => 'Hispaniola', 'nwht' => 'Haiti', 'nwjm' => 'Jamaica', 'nwla' => 'Antilles, Lesser', 'nwli' => 'Leeward Islands (West Indies)', 'nwmj' => 'Montserrat', 'nwmq' => 'Martinique', 'nwna' => 'Netherlands Antilles', # discontinued 'nwpr' => 'Puerto Rico', 'nwsb' => 'Saint-Barthélemy', # discontinued 'nwsc' => 'Saint-Barthélemy', 'nwsd' => 'Saba', 'nwsn' => 'Sint Maarten', 'nwst' => 'Saint-Martin', 'nwsv' => 'Swan Islands (Honduras)', 'nwtc' => 'Turks and Caicos Islands', 'nwtr' => 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'nwuc' => 'United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands', 'nwvb' => 'British Virgin Islands', 'nwvi' => 'Virgin Islands of the United States', 'nwvr' => 'Virgin Islands', # discontinued 'nwwi' => 'Windward Islands (West Indies)', 'nwxa' => 'Anguilla', 'nwxi' => 'Saint Kitts and Nevis', 'nwxk' => 'Saint Lucia', 'nwxm' => 'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines', 'p' => 'Pacific Ocean', 'pn' => 'North Pacific Ocean', 'po' => 'Oceania', 'poas' => 'American Samoa', 'pobp' => 'Solomon Islands', 'poci' => 'Caroline Islands', 'pocp' => 'Canton and Enderbury Islands', # discontinued 'pocw' => 'Cook Islands', 'poea' => 'Easter Island', 'pofj' => 'Fiji', 'pofp' => 'French Polynesia', 'pogg' => 'Galapagos Islands', 'pogn' => 'Gilbert and Ellice Islands', # discontinued 'pogu' => 'Guam', 'poji' => 'Johnston Island', 'pokb' => 'Kiribati', 'poki' => 'Kermadec Islands', 'poln' => 'Line Islands', 'pome' => 'Melanesia', 'pomi' => 'Micronesia (Federated States)', 'ponl' => 'New Caledonia', 'ponn' => 'Vanuatu', 'ponu' => 'Nauru', 'popc' => 'Pitcairn Island', 'popl' => 'Palau', 'pops' => 'Polynesia', 'pory' => 'Ryukyu Islands, Southern', # discontinued 'posc' => 'Santa Cruz Islands', # discontinued 'posh' => 'Samoan Islands', 'posn' => 'Solomon Islands', # discontinued 'potl' => 'Tokelau', 'poto' => 'Tonga', 'pott' => 'Micronesia', 'potv' => 'Tuvalu', 'poup' => 'United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands', 'powf' => 'Wallis and Futuna Islands', 'powk' => 'Wake Island', 'pows' => 'Samoa', 'poxd' => 'Mariana Islands', 'poxe' => 'Marshall Islands', 'poxf' => 'Midway Islands', 'poxh' => 'Niue', 'ps' => 'South Pacific Ocean', 'q' => 'Cold regions', 'r' => 'Arctic Ocean; Arctic regions', 's' => 'South America', 's-ag' => 'Argentina', 's-bl' => 'Brazil', 's-bo' => 'Bolivia', 's-ck' => 'Colombia', 's-cl' => 'Chile', 's-ec' => 'Ecuador', 's-fg' => 'French Guiana', 's-gy' => 'Guyana', 's-pe' => 'Peru', 's-py' => 'Paraguay', 's-sr' => 'Suriname', 's-uy' => 'Uruguay', 's-ve' => 'Venezuela', 'sa' => 'Amazon River', 'sn' => 'Andes', 'sp' => 'Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay)', 't' => 'Antarctic Ocean; Antarctica', 't-ay' => 'Antarctica', # discontinued 'u' => 'Australasia', 'u-ac' => 'Ashmore and Cartier Islands', 'u-at' => 'Australia', 'u-at-ac' => 'Australian Capital Territory', 'u-atc' => 'Central Australia', 'u-ate' => 'Eastern Australia', 'u-atn' => 'Northern Australia', 'u-at-ne' => 'New South Wales', 'u-at-no' => 'Northern Territory', 'u-at-qn' => 'Queensland', 'u-at-sa' => 'South Australia', 'u-at-tm' => 'Tasmania', 'u-at-vi' => 'Victoria', 'u-at-we' => 'Western Australia', 'u-cs' => 'Coral Sea Islands', 'u-nz' => 'New Zealand', 'v' => 'Communist countries', # discontinued 'w' => 'Tropics', 'x' => 'Earth', 'xa' => 'Eastern Hemisphere', 'xb' => 'Northern Hemisphere', 'xc' => 'Southern Hemisphere', 'xd' => 'Western Hemisphere', 'zd' => 'Deep space', 'zju' => 'Jupiter', 'zma' => 'Mars', 'zme' => 'Mercury', 'zmo' => 'Moon', 'zne' => 'Neptune', 'zo' => 'Outer space', 'zpl' => 'Pluto', 'zs' => 'Solar system', 'zsa' => 'Saturn', 'zsu' => 'Sun', 'zur' => 'Uranus', 'zve' => 'Venus', }