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Extended External Iterators (forward and backward)
Description
Module Stream
defines an interface for external iterators. A stream can be seen as an iterator on a sequence of objects x1,…,xn. The state of the stream is uniquely determined by the following methods:
-
at_beginning?
-
at_end?
-
current
-
peek
State changes are done with the following operations:
-
set_to_begin
-
set_to_end
-
forward
-
backward
With the help of the method current_edge
the state of a stream s
can be exactly defined
s.current_edge == [s.current, s.peek]
If s
a stream on [x1,…,xn]. Consider the edges [xi,xi+1] i=1,…,n and [x0,x1] and [xn,xn+1] (x0 and xn+1 are helper elements to define the boundary conditions). Then if s
is non empty, the following conditions must be true:
s.at_beginning? <=> s.current_edge == [x0,x1]
s.at_end? <=> s.current_edge == [xn,xn+1]
s.isEmpty? <=> s.at_beginning? && s.at_end? <=> s.current_edge == [x0,x1] <=> n = 0
s.set_to_end => s.at_end?
s.set_to_begin => s.at_beginning?
If 0 <= i < n and s.current_edge == [xi, xi+1] , then:
[s.forward, s.current_edge] == [xi+1, [xi+1, xi+2]]
If 1 <= i < n and s.current_edge == [xi, xi+1] , then:
[s.backward, s.current_edge] == [xi, [xi-1, xi]]
The result of peek is the same as of forward without changing state. The result of current is the same as of backward without changing state.
Module Stream
includes Enumerable
implementing each
in the obvious way.
Not every stream needs to implement backward
and at_beginning?
thus being not reversable. If they are reversable peek can easily be implemented using forward
and backward
, as is done in module Stream
. If a stream is not reversable all derived streams provided by the stream module (filter, mapping, concatenation) can be used anyway. Explicit or implicit (via peek or current) uses of backward would throw a NotImplementedError
.
Classes implementing the stream interface must implement the following methods:
-
basic_forward
-
basic_backward
-
at_end?
-
at_beginning?
The methods set_to_end
and set_to_begin
are by default implemented as:
set_to_end : until at_end?; do basic_forward end
set_to_begin : until at_beginning?; do basic_backward end
The methods forward
and backward
are by default implemented as:
forward: raise EndOfStreamException if at_end?; basic_forward.
backward: raise EndOfStreamException if at_beginning?; basic_backward
Thus subclasses must only implement four methods. Efficiency sometimes demands better implementations.
There are several concrete classes implementing the stream interface:
-
Stream::EmptyStream
(boring) -
Stream::CollectionStream
created by the method Array#create_stream -
Stream::FilteredStream
created by the method Stream#filtered -
Stream::ReversedStream
created by the method Stream#reverse -
Stream::ConcatenatedStream
created by the method Stream#concatenate -
Stream::ImplicitStream
using closures for the basic methods to implement
Installation
gem install stream
or download the latest sources from the git repository github.com/monora/stream.
Examples
Iterate over three streams
g = ('a'..'f').create_stream
h = (1..10).create_stream
i = (10..20).create_stream
until g.at_end? || h.at_end? || i.at_end?
p [g.forward, h.forward, i.forward]
end
Output:
["a", 1, 10]
["b", 2, 11]
["c", 3, 12]
["d", 4, 13]
["e", 5, 14]
["f", 6, 15]
Concatenate file streams
def filestream fname
Stream::ImplicitStream.new { |s|
f = open(fname)
s.at_end_proc = proc {f.eof?}
s.forward_proc = proc {f.readline}
# Need not implement backward moving to use the framework
}
end
(filestream("/etc/passwd") + ('a'..'f').create_stream + filestream("/etc/group")).each do |l|
puts l
end
Two filtered collection streams concatenated and reversed
def newstream; (1..6).create_stream; end
s = newstream.filtered { |x| x % 2 == 0 } + newstream.filtered { |x| x % 2 != 0 }
s = s.reverse
puts "Contents : #{s.to_a.join ' '}"
puts "At end? : #{s.at_end?}"
puts "At beginning? : #{s.at_beginning?}"
puts "2xBackwards : #{s.backward} #{s.backward}"
puts "Forward : #{s.forward}"
puts "Peek : #{s.peek}"
puts "Current : #{s.current}"
puts "set_to_begin : Peek=#{s.set_to_begin;s.peek}"
Output:
Contents : 5 3 1 6 4 2
At end? : true
At beginning? : false
2xBackwards : 2 4
Forward : 4
Peek : 2
Current : 4
set_to_begin : Peek=5
An infinite stream (do not use set_to_end
!)
def randomStream
Stream::ImplicitStream.new { |s|
s.set_to_begin_proc = proc {srand 1234}
s.at_end_proc = proc {false}
s.forward_proc = proc {rand}
}
end
s = randomStream.filtered { |x| x >= 0.5 }.collect { |x| sprintf("%5.2f",x*100) }
puts "5 random numbers: #{(1..5).collect {|x| s.forward}}\n"
Output:
5 random numbers: ["62.21", "78.54", "78.00", "80.19", "95.81"]
License
- Author
-
Horst Duchene
- License
-
Copyright © 2001, 2013, 2016, 2020, 2022 Horst Duchene (Released under the same license as Ruby (see LICENSE))