Module: CMath

Includes:
Math
Defined in:
lib/cmath.rb

Overview

CMath

CMath is a library that provides trigonometric and transcendental functions for complex numbers.

Usage

To start using this library, simply:

require "cmath"

Square root of a negative number is a complex number.

CMath.sqrt(-9)  #=> 0+3.0i

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.acos(z) ⇒ Object

returns the arc cosine of z



257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 257

def acos(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= -1 and z <= 1
	acos!(z)
    else
	(-1.0).i * log(z + 1.0.i * sqrt(1.0 - z * z))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.acos!Object



38
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 38

alias acos! acos

.acosh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of z



314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 314

def acosh(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= 1
	acosh!(z)
    else
	log(z + sqrt(z * z - 1.0))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.acosh!Object



43
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 43

alias acosh! acosh

.asin(z) ⇒ Object

returns the arc sine of z



243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 243

def asin(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= -1 and z <= 1
	asin!(z)
    else
	(-1.0).i * log(1.0.i * z + sqrt(1.0 - z * z))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.asin!Object



37
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 37

alias asin! asin

.asinh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of z



300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 300

def asinh(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	asinh!(z)
    else
	log(z + sqrt(1.0 + z * z))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.asinh!Object



42
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 42

alias asinh! asinh

.atan(z) ⇒ Object

returns the arc tangent of z



271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 271

def atan(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	atan!(z)
    else
	1.0.i * log((1.0.i + z) / (1.0.i - z)) / 2.0
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.atan!Object



39
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 39

alias atan! atan

.atan2(y, x) ⇒ Object

returns the arc tangent of y divided by x using the signs of y and x to determine the quadrant



286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 286

def atan2(y,x)
  begin
    if y.real? and x.real?
	atan2!(y,x)
    else
	(-1.0).i * log((x + 1.0.i * y) / sqrt(x * x + y * y))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.atan2!Object



40
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 40

alias atan2! atan2

.atanh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of z



328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 328

def atanh(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= -1 and z <= 1
	atanh!(z)
    else
	log((1.0 + z) / (1.0 - z)) / 2.0
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.atanh!Object



44
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 44

alias atanh! atanh

.cbrt(z) ⇒ Object

returns the principal value of the cube root of z



149
150
151
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 149

def cbrt(z)
  z ** (1.0/3)
end

.cbrt!Object



27
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 27

alias cbrt! cbrt

.cos(z) ⇒ Object

returns the cosine of z, where z is given in radians



170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 170

def cos(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	cos!(z)
    else
	Complex(cos!(z.real) * cosh!(z.imag),
-sin!(z.real) * sinh!(z.imag))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.cos!Object



30
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 30

alias cos! cos

.cosh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the hyperbolic cosine of z, where z is given in radians



214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 214

def cosh(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	cosh!(z)
    else
	Complex(cosh!(z.real) * cos!(z.imag),
sinh!(z.real) * sin!(z.imag))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.cosh!Object



34
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 34

alias cosh! cosh

.erfObject

.erfcObject

.exp(z) ⇒ Object

Math::E raised to the z power

exp(Complex(0,0))      #=> 1.0+0.0i
exp(Complex(0,PI))     #=> -1.0+1.2246467991473532e-16i
exp(Complex(0,PI/2.0)) #=> 6.123233995736766e-17+1.0i


52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 52

def exp(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	exp!(z)
    else
	ere = exp!(z.real)
	Complex(ere * cos!(z.imag),
ere * sin!(z.imag))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.exp!Object



22
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 22

alias exp! exp

.frexpObject

.gammaObject

.handle_no_method_errorObject

:nodoc:



392
393
394
395
396
397
398
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 392

def handle_no_method_error # :nodoc:
  if $!.name == :real?
    raise TypeError, "Numeric Number required"
  else
    raise
  end
end

.hypotObject

.ldexpObject

.lgammaObject

.log(*args) ⇒ Object

Returns the natural logarithm of Complex. If a second argument is given, it will be the base of logarithm.

log(Complex(0,0)) #=> -Infinity+0.0i


71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 71

def log(*args)
  begin
    z, b = args
    unless b.nil? || b.kind_of?(Numeric)
	raise TypeError,  "Numeric Number required"
    end
    if z.real? and z >= 0 and (b.nil? or b >= 0)
	log!(*args)
    else
	a = Complex(log!(z.abs), z.arg)
	if b
 a /= log(b)
      end
      a
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.log!Object



23
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 23

alias log! log

.log10(z) ⇒ Object

returns the base 10 logarithm of z



107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 107

def log10(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= 0
	log10!(z)
    else
	log(z) / log!(10)
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.log10!Object



25
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 25

alias log10! log10

.log2(z) ⇒ Object

returns the base 2 logarithm of z



93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 93

def log2(z)
  begin
    if z.real? and z >= 0
	log2!(z)
    else
	log(z) / log!(2)
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.log2!Object



24
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 24

alias log2! log2

.sin(z) ⇒ Object

returns the sine of z, where z is given in radians



155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 155

def sin(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	sin!(z)
    else
	Complex(sin!(z.real) * cosh!(z.imag),
cos!(z.real) * sinh!(z.imag))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.sin!Object



29
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 29

alias sin! sin

.sinh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the hyperbolic sine of z, where z is given in radians



199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 199

def sinh(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	sinh!(z)
    else
	Complex(sinh!(z.real) * cos!(z.imag),
cosh!(z.real) * sin!(z.imag))
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.sinh!Object



33
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 33

alias sinh! sinh

.sqrt(z) ⇒ Object

Returns the non-negative square root of Complex.

sqrt(-1)            #=> 0+1.0i
sqrt(Complex(-1,0)) #=> 0.0+1.0i
sqrt(Complex(0,8))  #=> 2.0+2.0i


124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 124

def sqrt(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	if z < 0
 Complex(0, sqrt!(-z))
	else
 sqrt!(z)
	end
    else
	if z.imag < 0 ||
   (z.imag == 0 && z.imag.to_s[0] == '-')
 sqrt(z.conjugate).conjugate
	else
 r = z.abs
 x = z.real
 Complex(sqrt!((r + x) / 2.0), sqrt!((r - x) / 2.0))
	end
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.sqrt!Object



26
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 26

alias sqrt! sqrt

.tan(z) ⇒ Object

returns the tangent of z, where z is given in radians



185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 185

def tan(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	tan!(z)
    else
	sin(z) / cos(z)
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.tan!Object



31
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 31

alias tan! tan

.tanh(z) ⇒ Object

returns the hyperbolic tangent of z, where z is given in radians



229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 229

def tanh(z)
  begin
    if z.real?
	tanh!(z)
    else
	sinh(z) / cosh(z)
    end
  rescue NoMethodError
    handle_no_method_error
  end
end

.tanh!Object



35
# File 'lib/cmath.rb', line 35

alias tanh! tanh