Module: Linguistics::Latin::Verb::TenseDefinitions::Invariant

Defined in:
lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb

Overview

Tense-forming methods that do not vary between the verb types

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Commands for immediate action. Only supports second or third person.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 54

def active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense# {{{
  f = imperatives.future
  return TenseBlock.new( [ '', f[0], f[2],
                           '', f[1], f[3]
                         ],
                        { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense] }
                       )
end

#active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Commands for immediate action. Always second person.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 29

def active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense
  imp = imperatives
  TenseBlock.new( [ '', imp.present_tense_singular_number, '',
                           '', imp.present_tense_plural_number, ''
                  ],
                  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense] }
                )
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Action to be completed in the future. A&G,160,a,3.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 472

def active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Action completed in the future. A&G,160,b,3.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 79

def active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense# {{{
  substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
  return TenseBlock.new [Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
         { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Habitual action in the past. A&G,160,a,2.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 490

def active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Action completed in the past prior to an event in the past. A&G,160,b,3.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 101

def active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
  substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
   return TenseBlock.new [Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_PAST_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Action completed in the past. A&G,160,b,1.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 147

def active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense# {{{
  substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
  return TenseBlock.new [first_person_perfect.to_s, Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x.to_s}].flatten,
         { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
end

#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

The canonical building block of learning to conjugate verbs in Latin. Take the present active infinitive, chop off the ending, and add the classic o,s,t,mus,tis,nt

Wheelock Reference, p. 4. A&G, 160,a,1.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 513

def active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
end

#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 123

def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
 TenseBlock.new(
   ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
   present_active_infinitive.sub(/e$/,'ē') + ending
  end,
  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
  )
end

#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 169

def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
  asp_base = first_person_perfect[0..first_person_perfect.length-2] + "issē"
    TenseBlock.new( ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
      asp_base + ending
    end,
    { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
    )
end

#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 194

def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
  asp_base =
    first_person_perfect[0..first_person_perfect.length-2] +
    "erī"
  TenseBlock.new(
    ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
    asp_base + ending
  end,
  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
  )
end

#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 532

def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
end

#form_imperatives ⇒ Object

{{{



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 378

def form_imperatives# {{{

  imperative_exceptions = {
    "ducere"   => %w(duc ducite),
    "dicere"   => %w(dic dicite),
    "facere"   => %w(fac facite),
    "ferre"    => %w(fer ferte),
    "nolere"   => %w(nolo nolite)
  }

  # Exceptional imperatives.  If we have one, return it straight away.
  if imperative_exceptions.has_key?(present_active_infinitive)
    return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new(
      imperative_exceptions[present_active_infinitive])
  end

  # Therefore, let us assume that we are dealing with a standard verb
  # with standard imperatives.  Accordingly, we will create an
  # ImperativeBlock.

  return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new stem, present_active_infinitive
end

#imperatives ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Used to express command. As A&G notes, oftentimes the Subjunctive is the correct mood for exhortation.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 374

def imperatives
  @imperatives ||= form_imperatives
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Voice” section in reference, for function consult active-voice counterpart.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 550

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Voice” section in reference, for function consult active-voice counterpart. Wheelock, 122

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 223

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense# {{{
  return TenseBlock.new(
    Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
    { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
    )
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Voice” section in reference, for function consult active-voice counterpart. Wheelock, 117

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 569

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Voice” section in reference, for function consult active-voice counterpart. Wheelock, 117

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 247

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
  TenseBlock.new(
    Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
    { :meaning =>  Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense]}
    )
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Wheelock, 122

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 269

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
  TenseBlock.new(
     Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_PRESENT_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
     { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
     )
end

#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Voice” section in reference, for function consult active-voice counterpart. Wheelock, 117

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 589

def passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
end

#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 292

def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
  base = present_active_infinitive.gsub(/(.*)(.)$/,"\\1" + 'ē')
  TenseBlock.new(
    Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending|
    base + ending
  end,
  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
  )
end

#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 318

def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
  count = -1
  TenseBlock.new(Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PLUPERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
     count += 1
     (count <= 2 ?
       "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize passive_perfect_participle} ]" :
       "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(passive_perfect_participle))} ]" )+ " " + ending
  end,
  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
  )
end

#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 346

def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
  counter = -1
  TenseBlock.new(Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
     counter += 1
      (counter <=2 ?
       "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize passive_perfect_participle} ]" :
       "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(passive_perfect_participle))} ]" )+ " " + ending
    end,
    { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
    )
end

#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense ⇒ Object

GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Refer to “Moods,” above. Tense is constrained by function of the verb in context.

ARGUMENTS

None

RETURNS

TenseBlock



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 607

def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
end

#pluralize_participial_listing(x) ⇒ Object

DESCRIPTION

Used for handling verb states that are compounds like _amatus, amata, amatum sum_ and converting them to amati, amatae, amata, (sumus|estis|sunt).

ARGUMENTS

x:

A string that looks like –us, –a, –um This method mutates those singular endings to plural forms

RETURNS

Altered string

EXAMPLE

pluralize_participial_listing(qq/amatus, amata, amatum/) #=>

amatī, amatae, amata



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 424

def pluralize_participial_listing(x)
  x.sub!(/us,/,   'ī,' )
  x.sub!(/a,/,    'ae,')
  x.sub!(/um.*$/, 'a'  )
end

#triplicate_and_genderize(s) ⇒ Object

DESCRIPTION

Used for turning a participial form –um into –us, –a, –um

ARGUMENTS

s:

–um

RETURNS

Altered string

EXAMPLE

triplicate_and_genderize(“amatum”) #=> amatus, amata, amatum



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# File 'lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb', line 449

def triplicate_and_genderize(s)# {{{
  stem = s.sub(/^(.*)um$/,"\\1")
  [ stem + 'us',
    stem + 'a',
    s
  ].join(', ')
end