Class: Ably::Rest::Client

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Extended by:
Forwardable
Includes:
Modules::Conversions, Modules::HttpHelpers
Defined in:
lib/ably/rest/client.rb

Overview

Client for the Ably REST API

Constant Summary collapse

DOMAIN =

Default Ably domain for REST

'rest.ably.io'
HTTP_DEFAULTS =

Configuration for HTTP timeouts and HTTP request reattempts to fallback hosts

{
  open_timeout:       4,
  request_timeout:    15,
  max_retry_duration: 10,
  max_retry_count:    3
}.freeze

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(options) ⇒ Ably::Rest::Client

Creates a Rest Client and configures the Auth object for the connection.

Examples:

# create a new client authenticating with basic auth
client = Ably::Rest::Client.new('key.id:secret')

# create a new client and configure a client ID used for presence
client = Ably::Rest::Client.new(key: 'key.id:secret', client_id: 'john')

Parameters:

  • options (Hash, String) —

    an options Hash used to configure the client and the authentication, or String with an API key or Token ID

Options Hash (options):

  • :tls (Boolean) — default: true —

    When fales, TLS is disabled. Please note Basic Auth is disallowed without TLS as secrets cannot be transmitted over unsecured connections.

  • :key (String) —

    API key comprising the key name and key secret in a single string

  • :token (String) —

    Token string or Models::TokenDetails used to authenticate requests

  • :token_details (String) —

    Models::TokenDetails used to authenticate requests

  • :use_token_auth (Boolean) —

    Will force Basic Auth if set to false, and Token auth if set to true

  • :environment (String) —

    Specify ‘sandbox’ when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment

  • :protocol (Symbol) — default: :msgpack —

    Protocol used to communicate with Ably, :json and :msgpack currently supported

  • :use_binary_protocol (Boolean) — default: true —

    When true will use the MessagePack binary protocol, when false it will use JSON encoding. This option will overide :protocol option

  • :log_level (Logger::Severity, Symbol) — default: Logger::WARN —

    Log level for the standard Logger that outputs to STDOUT. Can be set to :fatal (Logger::FATAL), :error (Logger::ERROR), :warn (Logger::WARN), :info (Logger::INFO), :debug (Logger::DEBUG) or :none

  • :logger (Logger) —

    A custom logger can be used however it must adhere to the Ruby Logger interface, see www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/logger/rdoc/Logger.html

  • :client_id (String) —

    client ID identifying this connection to other clients

  • :auth_url (String) —

    a URL to be used to GET or POST a set of token request params, to obtain a signed token request

  • :auth_headers (Hash) —

    a set of application-specific headers to be added to any request made to the auth_url

  • :auth_params (Hash) —

    a set of application-specific query params to be added to any request made to the auth_url

  • :auth_method (Symbol) — default: :get —

    HTTP method to use with auth_url, must be either :get or :post

  • :auth_callback (Proc) —

    when provided, the Proc will be called with the token params hash as the first argument, whenever a new token is required. The Proc should return a token string, Models::TokenDetails or JSON equivalent, Models::TokenRequest or JSON equivalent

  • :query_time (Boolean) —

    when true will query the Ably system for the current time instead of using the local time

  • :token_params (Hash) —

    convenience to pass in token_params that will be used as a default for all token requests. See Auth#create_token_request

  • :http_open_timeout (Integer) — default: 4 seconds —

    timeout in seconds for opening an HTTP connection for all HTTP requests

  • :http_request_timeout (Integer) — default: 15 seconds —

    timeout in seconds for any single complete HTTP request and response

  • :http_max_retry_count (Integer) — default: 3 —

    maximum number of fallback host retries for HTTP requests that fail due to network issues or server problems

  • :http_max_retry_duration (Integer) — default: 10 seconds —

    maximum elapsed time in which fallback host retries for HTTP requests will be attempted i.e. if the first default host attempt takes 5s, and then the subsequent fallback retry attempt takes 7s, no further fallback host attempts will be made as the total elapsed time of 12s exceeds the default 10s limit

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 118

def initialize(options)
  raise ArgumentError, 'Options Hash is expected' if options.nil?

  options = options.clone
  if options.kind_of?(String)
    options = if options.match(/^[\w-]{2,}\.[\w-]{2,}:[\w-]{2,}$/)
      { key: options }
    else
      { token: options }
    end
  end

  @tls              = options.delete(:tls) == false ? false : true
  @environment      = options.delete(:environment) # nil is production
  @protocol         = options.delete(:protocol) || :msgpack
  @debug_http       = options.delete(:debug_http)
  @log_level        = options.delete(:log_level) || ::Logger::WARN
  @custom_logger    = options.delete(:logger)
  @custom_host      = options.delete(:rest_host)
  @custom_port      = options.delete(:port)
  @custom_tls_port  = options.delete(:tls_port)

  @http_defaults = HTTP_DEFAULTS.dup
  options.each do |key, val|
    if http_key = key[/^http_(.+)/, 1]
      @http_defaults[http_key.to_sym] = val if val && @http_defaults.has_key?(http_key.to_sym)
    end
  end
  @http_defaults.freeze

  if @log_level == :none
    @custom_logger = Ably::Models::NilLogger.new
  else
    @log_level = ::Logger.const_get(log_level.to_s.upcase) if log_level.kind_of?(Symbol) || log_level.kind_of?(String)
  end

  options.delete(:use_binary_protocol).tap do |use_binary_protocol|
    if use_binary_protocol == true
      @protocol = :msgpack
    elsif use_binary_protocol == false
      @protocol = :json
    end
  end
  raise ArgumentError, 'Protocol is invalid.  Must be either :msgpack or :json' unless [:msgpack, :json].include?(@protocol)

  token_params = options.delete(:token_params) || {}
  @options  = options
  @auth     = Auth.new(self, token_params, options)
  @channels = Ably::Rest::Channels.new(self)
  @encoders = []

  options.freeze

  initialize_default_encoders
end

Instance Attribute Details

#auth ⇒ Ably::Auth (readonly)

Auth authentication object configured for this connection

Returns:



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 44

def auth
  @auth
end

#auth_options ⇒ Hash (readonly)

Returns Auth options configured for this client.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    Auth options configured for this client



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 16

class Client
  include Ably::Modules::Conversions
  include Ably::Modules::HttpHelpers
  extend Forwardable

  # Default Ably domain for REST
  DOMAIN = 'rest.ably.io'

  # Configuration for HTTP timeouts and HTTP request reattempts to fallback hosts
  HTTP_DEFAULTS = {
    open_timeout:       4,
    request_timeout:    15,
    max_retry_duration: 10,
    max_retry_count:    3
  }.freeze

  def_delegators :auth, :client_id, :auth_options

  # Custom environment to use such as 'sandbox' when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment
  # @return [String]
  attr_reader :environment

  # The protocol configured for this client, either binary `:msgpack` or text based `:json`
  # @return [Symbol]
  attr_reader :protocol

  # {Ably::Auth} authentication object configured for this connection
  # @return [Ably::Auth]
  attr_reader :auth

  # The collection of {Ably::Rest::Channel}s that have been created
  # @return [Aby::Rest::Channels]
  attr_reader :channels

  # Log level configured for this {Client}
  # @return [Logger::Severity]
  attr_reader :log_level

  # The custom host that is being used if it was provided with the option +:rest_host+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [String,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_host

  # The custom port for non-TLS requests if it was provided with the option +:port+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [Integer,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_port

  # The custom TLS port for TLS requests if it was provided with the option +:tls_port+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [Integer,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_tls_port

  # The immutable configured HTTP defaults for this client.
  # See {#initialize} for the configurable HTTP defaults prefixed with +http_+
  # @return [Hash]
  attr_reader :http_defaults

  # The registered encoders that are used to encode and decode message payloads
  # @return [Array<Ably::Models::MessageEncoder::Base>]
  # @api private
  attr_reader :encoders

  # The additional options passed to this Client's #initialize method not available as attributes of this class
  # @return [Hash]
  # @api private
  attr_reader :options

  # Creates a {Ably::Rest::Client Rest Client} and configures the {Ably::Auth} object for the connection.
  #
  # @param [Hash,String] options an options Hash used to configure the client and the authentication, or String with an API key or Token ID
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :tls                (true) When fales, TLS is disabled. Please note Basic Auth is disallowed without TLS as secrets cannot be transmitted over unsecured connections.
  # @option options [String]                  :key                 API key comprising the key name and key secret in a single string
  # @option options [String]                  :token               Token string or {Models::TokenDetails} used to authenticate requests
  # @option options [String]                  :token_details       {Models::TokenDetails} used to authenticate requests
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :use_token_auth      Will force Basic Auth if set to false, and Token auth if set to true
  # @option options [String]                  :environment         Specify 'sandbox' when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment
  # @option options [Symbol]                  :protocol            (:msgpack) Protocol used to communicate with Ably, :json and :msgpack currently supported
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :use_binary_protocol (true) When true will use the MessagePack binary protocol, when false it will use JSON encoding. This option will overide :protocol option
  # @option options [Logger::Severity,Symbol] :log_level           (Logger::WARN) Log level for the standard Logger that outputs to STDOUT. Can be set to :fatal (Logger::FATAL), :error (Logger::ERROR), :warn (Logger::WARN), :info (Logger::INFO), :debug (Logger::DEBUG) or :none
  # @option options [Logger]                  :logger              A custom logger can be used however it must adhere to the Ruby Logger interface, see http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/logger/rdoc/Logger.html
  # @option options [String]                  :client_id           client ID identifying this connection to other clients
  # @option options [String]                  :auth_url            a URL to be used to GET or POST a set of token request params, to obtain a signed token request
  # @option options [Hash]                    :auth_headers        a set of application-specific headers to be added to any request made to the +auth_url+
  # @option options [Hash]                    :auth_params         a set of application-specific query params to be added to any request made to the +auth_url+
  # @option options [Symbol]                  :auth_method         (:get) HTTP method to use with +auth_url+, must be either +:get+ or +:post+
  # @option options [Proc]                    :auth_callback       when provided, the Proc will be called with the token params hash as the first argument, whenever a new token is required.
  #                                                                The Proc should return a token string, {Ably::Models::TokenDetails} or JSON equivalent, {Ably::Models::TokenRequest} or JSON equivalent
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :query_time          when true will query the {https://www.ably.io Ably} system for the current time instead of using the local time
  # @option options [Hash]                    :token_params        convenience to pass in +token_params+ that will be used as a default for all token requests. See {Auth#create_token_request}
  #
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_open_timeout       (4 seconds) timeout in seconds for opening an HTTP connection for all HTTP requests
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_request_timeout    (15 seconds) timeout in seconds for any single complete HTTP request and response
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_max_retry_count    (3) maximum number of fallback host retries for HTTP requests that fail due to network issues or server problems
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_max_retry_duration (10 seconds) maximum elapsed time in which fallback host retries for HTTP requests will be attempted i.e. if the first default host attempt takes 5s, and then the subsequent fallback retry attempt takes 7s, no further fallback host attempts will be made as the total elapsed time of 12s exceeds the default 10s limit
  #
  # @return [Ably::Rest::Client]
  #
  # @example
  #    # create a new client authenticating with basic auth
  #    client = Ably::Rest::Client.new('key.id:secret')
  #
  #    # create a new client and configure a client ID used for presence
  #    client = Ably::Rest::Client.new(key: 'key.id:secret', client_id: 'john')
  #
  def initialize(options)
    raise ArgumentError, 'Options Hash is expected' if options.nil?

    options = options.clone
    if options.kind_of?(String)
      options = if options.match(/^[\w-]{2,}\.[\w-]{2,}:[\w-]{2,}$/)
        { key: options }
      else
        { token: options }
      end
    end

    @tls              = options.delete(:tls) == false ? false : true
    @environment      = options.delete(:environment) # nil is production
    @protocol         = options.delete(:protocol) || :msgpack
    @debug_http       = options.delete(:debug_http)
    @log_level        = options.delete(:log_level) || ::Logger::WARN
    @custom_logger    = options.delete(:logger)
    @custom_host      = options.delete(:rest_host)
    @custom_port      = options.delete(:port)
    @custom_tls_port  = options.delete(:tls_port)

    @http_defaults = HTTP_DEFAULTS.dup
    options.each do |key, val|
      if http_key = key[/^http_(.+)/, 1]
        @http_defaults[http_key.to_sym] = val if val && @http_defaults.has_key?(http_key.to_sym)
      end
    end
    @http_defaults.freeze

    if @log_level == :none
      @custom_logger = Ably::Models::NilLogger.new
    else
      @log_level = ::Logger.const_get(log_level.to_s.upcase) if log_level.kind_of?(Symbol) || log_level.kind_of?(String)
    end

    options.delete(:use_binary_protocol).tap do |use_binary_protocol|
      if use_binary_protocol == true
        @protocol = :msgpack
      elsif use_binary_protocol == false
        @protocol = :json
      end
    end
    raise ArgumentError, 'Protocol is invalid.  Must be either :msgpack or :json' unless [:msgpack, :json].include?(@protocol)

    token_params = options.delete(:token_params) || {}
    @options  = options
    @auth     = Auth.new(self, token_params, options)
    @channels = Ably::Rest::Channels.new(self)
    @encoders = []

    options.freeze

    initialize_default_encoders
  end

  # Return a REST {Ably::Rest::Channel} for the given name
  #
  # @param (see Ably::Rest::Channels#get)
  #
  # @return (see Ably::Rest::Channels#get)
  def channel(name, channel_options = {})
    channels.get(name, channel_options)
  end

  # Retrieve the Stats for the application
  #
  # @param [Hash] options the options for the stats request
  # @option options [Integer,Time] :start      Ensure earliest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is +:start+
  # @option options [Integer,Time] :end        Ensure latest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is +:end+
  # @option options [Symbol]       :direction  +:forwards+ or +:backwards+, defaults to +:backwards+
  # @option options [Integer]      :limit      Maximum number of messages to retrieve up to 1,000, defaults to 100
  # @option options [Symbol]       :unit       `:minute`, `:hour`, `:day` or `:month`. Defaults to `:minute`
  #
  # @return [Ably::Models::PaginatedResult<Ably::Models::Stats>] An Array of Stats
  #
  def stats(options = {})
    options = {
      :direction => :backwards,
      :unit      => :minute,
      :limit     => 100
    }.merge(options)

    [:start, :end].each { |option| options[option] = as_since_epoch(options[option]) if options.has_key?(option) }
    raise ArgumentError, ":end must be equal to or after :start" if options[:start] && options[:end] && (options[:start] > options[:end])

    paginated_options = {
      coerce_into: 'Ably::Models::Stats'
    }

    url = '/stats'
    response = get(url, options)

    Ably::Models::PaginatedResult.new(response, url, self, paginated_options)
  end

  # Retrieve the Ably service time
  #
  # @return [Time] The time as reported by the Ably service
  def time
    response = get('/time', {}, send_auth_header: false)

    as_time_from_epoch(response.body.first)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] use_tls?
  # @return [Boolean] True if client is configured to use TLS for all Ably communication
  def use_tls?
    @tls == true
  end

  # Perform an HTTP GET request to the API using configured authentication
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Response]
  def get(path, params = {}, options = {})
    request(:get, path, params, options)
  end

  # Perform an HTTP POST request to the API using configured authentication
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Response]
  def post(path, params, options = {})
    request(:post, path, params, options)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] endpoint
  # @return [URI::Generic] Default Ably REST endpoint used for all requests
  def endpoint
    endpoint_for_host(custom_host || [@environment, DOMAIN].compact.join('-'))
  end

  # @!attribute [r] logger
  # @return [Logger] The {Ably::Logger} for this client.
  #                  Configure the log_level with the `:log_level` option, refer to {Client#initialize}
  def logger
    @logger ||= Ably::Logger.new(self, log_level, @custom_logger)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] mime_type
  # @return [String] Mime type used for HTTP requests
  def mime_type
    case protocol
    when :json
      'application/json'
    else
      'application/x-msgpack'
    end
  end

  # Register a message encoder and decoder that implements Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base interface.
  # Message encoders are used to encode and decode message payloads automatically.
  # @note Encoders and decoders are processed in the order they are added so the first encoder will be given priority when encoding and decoding
  #
  # @param [Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base] encoder
  # @return [void]
  #
  # @api private
  def register_encoder(encoder)
    encoder_klass = if encoder.kind_of?(String)
      encoder.split('::').inject(Kernel) do |base, klass_name|
        base.public_send(:const_get, klass_name)
      end
    else
      encoder
    end

    raise "Encoder must inherit from `Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base`" unless encoder_klass.ancestors.include?(Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base)

    encoders << encoder_klass.new(self)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] protocol_binary?
  # @return [Boolean] True of the transport #protocol communicates with Ably with a binary protocol
  def protocol_binary?
    protocol == :msgpack
  end

  # Connection used to make HTTP requests
  #
  # @param [Hash] options
  # @option options [Boolean] :use_fallback when true, one of the fallback connections is used randomly, see {Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS}
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Connection]
  #
  # @api private
  def connection(options = {})
    if options[:use_fallback]
      fallback_connection
    else
      @connection ||= Faraday.new(endpoint.to_s, connection_options)
    end
  end

  # Fallback connection used to make HTTP requests.
  # Note, each request uses a random and then subsequent random {Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS fallback host}
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Connection]
  #
  # @api private
  def fallback_connection
    unless defined?(@fallback_connections) && @fallback_connections
      @fallback_connections = Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS.shuffle.map { |host| Faraday.new(endpoint_for_host(host).to_s, connection_options) }
    end
    @fallback_index ||= 0

    @fallback_connections[@fallback_index % @fallback_connections.count].tap do
      @fallback_index += 1
    end
  end

  private
  def request(method, path, params = {}, options = {})
    options = options.clone
    if options.delete(:disable_automatic_reauthorise) == true
      send_request(method, path, params, options)
    else
      reauthorise_on_authorisation_failure do
        send_request(method, path, params, options)
      end
    end
  end

  # Sends HTTP request to connection end point
  # Connection failures will automatically be reattempted until thresholds are met
  def send_request(method, path, params, options)
    max_retry_count    = http_defaults.fetch(:max_retry_count)
    max_retry_duration = http_defaults.fetch(:max_retry_duration)
    requested_at       = Time.now
    retry_count        = 0

    begin
      use_fallback = can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host? && retry_count > 0

      connection(use_fallback: use_fallback).send(method, path, params) do |request|
        unless options[:send_auth_header] == false
          request.headers[:authorization] = auth.auth_header
        end
      end

    rescue Faraday::TimeoutError, Faraday::ClientError, Ably::Exceptions::ServerError => error
      time_passed = Time.now - requested_at
      if can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host? && retry_count < max_retry_count && time_passed <= max_retry_duration
        retry_count += 1
        retry
      end

      case error
        when Faraday::TimeoutError
          raise Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionTimeout.new(error.message, nil, 80014, error)
        when Faraday::ClientError
          raise Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionError.new(error.message, nil, 80000, error)
        else
          raise error
      end
    end
  end

  def reauthorise_on_authorisation_failure
    yield
  rescue Ably::Exceptions::TokenExpired => e
    if auth.token_renewable?
      auth.authorise({}, force: true)
      yield
    else
      raise e
    end
  end

  def endpoint_for_host(host)
    port = if use_tls?
      custom_tls_port
    else
      custom_port
    end

    raise ArgumentError, "Custom port must be an Integer or nil" if port && !port.kind_of?(Integer)

    options = {
      scheme: use_tls? ? 'https' : 'http',
      host:   host
    }
    options.merge!(port: port) if port

    URI::Generic.build(options)
  end

  # Return a Hash of connection options to initiate the Faraday::Connection with
  #
  # @return [Hash]
  def connection_options
    @connection_options ||= {
      builder: middleware,
      headers: {
        content_type: mime_type,
        accept:       mime_type,
        user_agent:   user_agent
      },
      request: {
        open_timeout: http_defaults.fetch(:open_timeout),
        timeout:      http_defaults.fetch(:request_timeout)
      }
    }
  end

  # Return a Faraday middleware stack to initiate the Faraday::Connection with
  #
  # @see http://mislav.uniqpath.com/2011/07/faraday-advanced-http/
  def middleware
    @middleware ||= Faraday::RackBuilder.new do |builder|
      setup_outgoing_middleware builder

      # Raise exceptions if response code is invalid
      builder.use Ably::Rest::Middleware::Exceptions

      setup_incoming_middleware builder, logger, fail_if_unsupported_mime_type: true

      # Set Faraday's HTTP adapter
      builder.adapter Faraday.default_adapter
    end
  end

  def can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host?
    !custom_host && !environment
  end

  def initialize_default_encoders
    Ably::Models::MessageEncoders.register_default_encoders self
  end
end

#channels ⇒ Aby::Rest::Channels (readonly)

The collection of Ably::Rest::Channels that have been created

Returns:

  • (Aby::Rest::Channels) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 48

def channels
  @channels
end

#client_id ⇒ String (readonly)

Returns A client ID, used for identifying this client for presence purposes.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    A client ID, used for identifying this client for presence purposes



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 16

class Client
  include Ably::Modules::Conversions
  include Ably::Modules::HttpHelpers
  extend Forwardable

  # Default Ably domain for REST
  DOMAIN = 'rest.ably.io'

  # Configuration for HTTP timeouts and HTTP request reattempts to fallback hosts
  HTTP_DEFAULTS = {
    open_timeout:       4,
    request_timeout:    15,
    max_retry_duration: 10,
    max_retry_count:    3
  }.freeze

  def_delegators :auth, :client_id, :auth_options

  # Custom environment to use such as 'sandbox' when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment
  # @return [String]
  attr_reader :environment

  # The protocol configured for this client, either binary `:msgpack` or text based `:json`
  # @return [Symbol]
  attr_reader :protocol

  # {Ably::Auth} authentication object configured for this connection
  # @return [Ably::Auth]
  attr_reader :auth

  # The collection of {Ably::Rest::Channel}s that have been created
  # @return [Aby::Rest::Channels]
  attr_reader :channels

  # Log level configured for this {Client}
  # @return [Logger::Severity]
  attr_reader :log_level

  # The custom host that is being used if it was provided with the option +:rest_host+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [String,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_host

  # The custom port for non-TLS requests if it was provided with the option +:port+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [Integer,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_port

  # The custom TLS port for TLS requests if it was provided with the option +:tls_port+ when the {Client} was created
  # @return [Integer,Nil]
  attr_reader :custom_tls_port

  # The immutable configured HTTP defaults for this client.
  # See {#initialize} for the configurable HTTP defaults prefixed with +http_+
  # @return [Hash]
  attr_reader :http_defaults

  # The registered encoders that are used to encode and decode message payloads
  # @return [Array<Ably::Models::MessageEncoder::Base>]
  # @api private
  attr_reader :encoders

  # The additional options passed to this Client's #initialize method not available as attributes of this class
  # @return [Hash]
  # @api private
  attr_reader :options

  # Creates a {Ably::Rest::Client Rest Client} and configures the {Ably::Auth} object for the connection.
  #
  # @param [Hash,String] options an options Hash used to configure the client and the authentication, or String with an API key or Token ID
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :tls                (true) When fales, TLS is disabled. Please note Basic Auth is disallowed without TLS as secrets cannot be transmitted over unsecured connections.
  # @option options [String]                  :key                 API key comprising the key name and key secret in a single string
  # @option options [String]                  :token               Token string or {Models::TokenDetails} used to authenticate requests
  # @option options [String]                  :token_details       {Models::TokenDetails} used to authenticate requests
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :use_token_auth      Will force Basic Auth if set to false, and Token auth if set to true
  # @option options [String]                  :environment         Specify 'sandbox' when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment
  # @option options [Symbol]                  :protocol            (:msgpack) Protocol used to communicate with Ably, :json and :msgpack currently supported
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :use_binary_protocol (true) When true will use the MessagePack binary protocol, when false it will use JSON encoding. This option will overide :protocol option
  # @option options [Logger::Severity,Symbol] :log_level           (Logger::WARN) Log level for the standard Logger that outputs to STDOUT. Can be set to :fatal (Logger::FATAL), :error (Logger::ERROR), :warn (Logger::WARN), :info (Logger::INFO), :debug (Logger::DEBUG) or :none
  # @option options [Logger]                  :logger              A custom logger can be used however it must adhere to the Ruby Logger interface, see http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/logger/rdoc/Logger.html
  # @option options [String]                  :client_id           client ID identifying this connection to other clients
  # @option options [String]                  :auth_url            a URL to be used to GET or POST a set of token request params, to obtain a signed token request
  # @option options [Hash]                    :auth_headers        a set of application-specific headers to be added to any request made to the +auth_url+
  # @option options [Hash]                    :auth_params         a set of application-specific query params to be added to any request made to the +auth_url+
  # @option options [Symbol]                  :auth_method         (:get) HTTP method to use with +auth_url+, must be either +:get+ or +:post+
  # @option options [Proc]                    :auth_callback       when provided, the Proc will be called with the token params hash as the first argument, whenever a new token is required.
  #                                                                The Proc should return a token string, {Ably::Models::TokenDetails} or JSON equivalent, {Ably::Models::TokenRequest} or JSON equivalent
  # @option options [Boolean]                 :query_time          when true will query the {https://www.ably.io Ably} system for the current time instead of using the local time
  # @option options [Hash]                    :token_params        convenience to pass in +token_params+ that will be used as a default for all token requests. See {Auth#create_token_request}
  #
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_open_timeout       (4 seconds) timeout in seconds for opening an HTTP connection for all HTTP requests
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_request_timeout    (15 seconds) timeout in seconds for any single complete HTTP request and response
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_max_retry_count    (3) maximum number of fallback host retries for HTTP requests that fail due to network issues or server problems
  # @option options [Integer]                 :http_max_retry_duration (10 seconds) maximum elapsed time in which fallback host retries for HTTP requests will be attempted i.e. if the first default host attempt takes 5s, and then the subsequent fallback retry attempt takes 7s, no further fallback host attempts will be made as the total elapsed time of 12s exceeds the default 10s limit
  #
  # @return [Ably::Rest::Client]
  #
  # @example
  #    # create a new client authenticating with basic auth
  #    client = Ably::Rest::Client.new('key.id:secret')
  #
  #    # create a new client and configure a client ID used for presence
  #    client = Ably::Rest::Client.new(key: 'key.id:secret', client_id: 'john')
  #
  def initialize(options)
    raise ArgumentError, 'Options Hash is expected' if options.nil?

    options = options.clone
    if options.kind_of?(String)
      options = if options.match(/^[\w-]{2,}\.[\w-]{2,}:[\w-]{2,}$/)
        { key: options }
      else
        { token: options }
      end
    end

    @tls              = options.delete(:tls) == false ? false : true
    @environment      = options.delete(:environment) # nil is production
    @protocol         = options.delete(:protocol) || :msgpack
    @debug_http       = options.delete(:debug_http)
    @log_level        = options.delete(:log_level) || ::Logger::WARN
    @custom_logger    = options.delete(:logger)
    @custom_host      = options.delete(:rest_host)
    @custom_port      = options.delete(:port)
    @custom_tls_port  = options.delete(:tls_port)

    @http_defaults = HTTP_DEFAULTS.dup
    options.each do |key, val|
      if http_key = key[/^http_(.+)/, 1]
        @http_defaults[http_key.to_sym] = val if val && @http_defaults.has_key?(http_key.to_sym)
      end
    end
    @http_defaults.freeze

    if @log_level == :none
      @custom_logger = Ably::Models::NilLogger.new
    else
      @log_level = ::Logger.const_get(log_level.to_s.upcase) if log_level.kind_of?(Symbol) || log_level.kind_of?(String)
    end

    options.delete(:use_binary_protocol).tap do |use_binary_protocol|
      if use_binary_protocol == true
        @protocol = :msgpack
      elsif use_binary_protocol == false
        @protocol = :json
      end
    end
    raise ArgumentError, 'Protocol is invalid.  Must be either :msgpack or :json' unless [:msgpack, :json].include?(@protocol)

    token_params = options.delete(:token_params) || {}
    @options  = options
    @auth     = Auth.new(self, token_params, options)
    @channels = Ably::Rest::Channels.new(self)
    @encoders = []

    options.freeze

    initialize_default_encoders
  end

  # Return a REST {Ably::Rest::Channel} for the given name
  #
  # @param (see Ably::Rest::Channels#get)
  #
  # @return (see Ably::Rest::Channels#get)
  def channel(name, channel_options = {})
    channels.get(name, channel_options)
  end

  # Retrieve the Stats for the application
  #
  # @param [Hash] options the options for the stats request
  # @option options [Integer,Time] :start      Ensure earliest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is +:start+
  # @option options [Integer,Time] :end        Ensure latest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is +:end+
  # @option options [Symbol]       :direction  +:forwards+ or +:backwards+, defaults to +:backwards+
  # @option options [Integer]      :limit      Maximum number of messages to retrieve up to 1,000, defaults to 100
  # @option options [Symbol]       :unit       `:minute`, `:hour`, `:day` or `:month`. Defaults to `:minute`
  #
  # @return [Ably::Models::PaginatedResult<Ably::Models::Stats>] An Array of Stats
  #
  def stats(options = {})
    options = {
      :direction => :backwards,
      :unit      => :minute,
      :limit     => 100
    }.merge(options)

    [:start, :end].each { |option| options[option] = as_since_epoch(options[option]) if options.has_key?(option) }
    raise ArgumentError, ":end must be equal to or after :start" if options[:start] && options[:end] && (options[:start] > options[:end])

    paginated_options = {
      coerce_into: 'Ably::Models::Stats'
    }

    url = '/stats'
    response = get(url, options)

    Ably::Models::PaginatedResult.new(response, url, self, paginated_options)
  end

  # Retrieve the Ably service time
  #
  # @return [Time] The time as reported by the Ably service
  def time
    response = get('/time', {}, send_auth_header: false)

    as_time_from_epoch(response.body.first)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] use_tls?
  # @return [Boolean] True if client is configured to use TLS for all Ably communication
  def use_tls?
    @tls == true
  end

  # Perform an HTTP GET request to the API using configured authentication
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Response]
  def get(path, params = {}, options = {})
    request(:get, path, params, options)
  end

  # Perform an HTTP POST request to the API using configured authentication
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Response]
  def post(path, params, options = {})
    request(:post, path, params, options)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] endpoint
  # @return [URI::Generic] Default Ably REST endpoint used for all requests
  def endpoint
    endpoint_for_host(custom_host || [@environment, DOMAIN].compact.join('-'))
  end

  # @!attribute [r] logger
  # @return [Logger] The {Ably::Logger} for this client.
  #                  Configure the log_level with the `:log_level` option, refer to {Client#initialize}
  def logger
    @logger ||= Ably::Logger.new(self, log_level, @custom_logger)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] mime_type
  # @return [String] Mime type used for HTTP requests
  def mime_type
    case protocol
    when :json
      'application/json'
    else
      'application/x-msgpack'
    end
  end

  # Register a message encoder and decoder that implements Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base interface.
  # Message encoders are used to encode and decode message payloads automatically.
  # @note Encoders and decoders are processed in the order they are added so the first encoder will be given priority when encoding and decoding
  #
  # @param [Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base] encoder
  # @return [void]
  #
  # @api private
  def register_encoder(encoder)
    encoder_klass = if encoder.kind_of?(String)
      encoder.split('::').inject(Kernel) do |base, klass_name|
        base.public_send(:const_get, klass_name)
      end
    else
      encoder
    end

    raise "Encoder must inherit from `Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base`" unless encoder_klass.ancestors.include?(Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base)

    encoders << encoder_klass.new(self)
  end

  # @!attribute [r] protocol_binary?
  # @return [Boolean] True of the transport #protocol communicates with Ably with a binary protocol
  def protocol_binary?
    protocol == :msgpack
  end

  # Connection used to make HTTP requests
  #
  # @param [Hash] options
  # @option options [Boolean] :use_fallback when true, one of the fallback connections is used randomly, see {Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS}
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Connection]
  #
  # @api private
  def connection(options = {})
    if options[:use_fallback]
      fallback_connection
    else
      @connection ||= Faraday.new(endpoint.to_s, connection_options)
    end
  end

  # Fallback connection used to make HTTP requests.
  # Note, each request uses a random and then subsequent random {Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS fallback host}
  #
  # @return [Faraday::Connection]
  #
  # @api private
  def fallback_connection
    unless defined?(@fallback_connections) && @fallback_connections
      @fallback_connections = Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS.shuffle.map { |host| Faraday.new(endpoint_for_host(host).to_s, connection_options) }
    end
    @fallback_index ||= 0

    @fallback_connections[@fallback_index % @fallback_connections.count].tap do
      @fallback_index += 1
    end
  end

  private
  def request(method, path, params = {}, options = {})
    options = options.clone
    if options.delete(:disable_automatic_reauthorise) == true
      send_request(method, path, params, options)
    else
      reauthorise_on_authorisation_failure do
        send_request(method, path, params, options)
      end
    end
  end

  # Sends HTTP request to connection end point
  # Connection failures will automatically be reattempted until thresholds are met
  def send_request(method, path, params, options)
    max_retry_count    = http_defaults.fetch(:max_retry_count)
    max_retry_duration = http_defaults.fetch(:max_retry_duration)
    requested_at       = Time.now
    retry_count        = 0

    begin
      use_fallback = can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host? && retry_count > 0

      connection(use_fallback: use_fallback).send(method, path, params) do |request|
        unless options[:send_auth_header] == false
          request.headers[:authorization] = auth.auth_header
        end
      end

    rescue Faraday::TimeoutError, Faraday::ClientError, Ably::Exceptions::ServerError => error
      time_passed = Time.now - requested_at
      if can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host? && retry_count < max_retry_count && time_passed <= max_retry_duration
        retry_count += 1
        retry
      end

      case error
        when Faraday::TimeoutError
          raise Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionTimeout.new(error.message, nil, 80014, error)
        when Faraday::ClientError
          raise Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionError.new(error.message, nil, 80000, error)
        else
          raise error
      end
    end
  end

  def reauthorise_on_authorisation_failure
    yield
  rescue Ably::Exceptions::TokenExpired => e
    if auth.token_renewable?
      auth.authorise({}, force: true)
      yield
    else
      raise e
    end
  end

  def endpoint_for_host(host)
    port = if use_tls?
      custom_tls_port
    else
      custom_port
    end

    raise ArgumentError, "Custom port must be an Integer or nil" if port && !port.kind_of?(Integer)

    options = {
      scheme: use_tls? ? 'https' : 'http',
      host:   host
    }
    options.merge!(port: port) if port

    URI::Generic.build(options)
  end

  # Return a Hash of connection options to initiate the Faraday::Connection with
  #
  # @return [Hash]
  def connection_options
    @connection_options ||= {
      builder: middleware,
      headers: {
        content_type: mime_type,
        accept:       mime_type,
        user_agent:   user_agent
      },
      request: {
        open_timeout: http_defaults.fetch(:open_timeout),
        timeout:      http_defaults.fetch(:request_timeout)
      }
    }
  end

  # Return a Faraday middleware stack to initiate the Faraday::Connection with
  #
  # @see http://mislav.uniqpath.com/2011/07/faraday-advanced-http/
  def middleware
    @middleware ||= Faraday::RackBuilder.new do |builder|
      setup_outgoing_middleware builder

      # Raise exceptions if response code is invalid
      builder.use Ably::Rest::Middleware::Exceptions

      setup_incoming_middleware builder, logger, fail_if_unsupported_mime_type: true

      # Set Faraday's HTTP adapter
      builder.adapter Faraday.default_adapter
    end
  end

  def can_fallback_to_alternate_ably_host?
    !custom_host && !environment
  end

  def initialize_default_encoders
    Ably::Models::MessageEncoders.register_default_encoders self
  end
end

#custom_host ⇒ String, Nil (readonly)

The custom host that is being used if it was provided with the option :rest_host when the Ably::Rest::Client was created

Returns:

  • (String, Nil) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 56

def custom_host
  @custom_host
end

#custom_port ⇒ Integer, Nil (readonly)

The custom port for non-TLS requests if it was provided with the option :port when the Ably::Rest::Client was created

Returns:

  • (Integer, Nil) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 60

def custom_port
  @custom_port
end

#custom_tls_port ⇒ Integer, Nil (readonly)

The custom TLS port for TLS requests if it was provided with the option :tls_port when the Ably::Rest::Client was created

Returns:

  • (Integer, Nil) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 64

def custom_tls_port
  @custom_tls_port
end

#encoders ⇒ Array<Ably::Models::MessageEncoder::Base> (readonly)

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

The registered encoders that are used to encode and decode message payloads

Returns:

  • (Array<Ably::Models::MessageEncoder::Base>) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 74

def encoders
  @encoders
end

#endpoint ⇒ URI::Generic (readonly)

Returns Default Ably REST endpoint used for all requests.

Returns:

  • (URI::Generic) —

    Default Ably REST endpoint used for all requests



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 245

def endpoint
  endpoint_for_host(custom_host || [@environment, DOMAIN].compact.join('-'))
end

#environment ⇒ String (readonly)

Custom environment to use such as ‘sandbox’ when testing the client library against an alternate Ably environment

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 36

def environment
  @environment
end

#http_defaults ⇒ Hash (readonly)

The immutable configured HTTP defaults for this client. See #initialize for the configurable HTTP defaults prefixed with http_

Returns:

  • (Hash) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 69

def http_defaults
  @http_defaults
end

#log_level ⇒ Logger::Severity (readonly)

Log level configured for this Ably::Rest::Client

Returns:

  • (Logger::Severity) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 52

def log_level
  @log_level
end

#logger ⇒ Logger (readonly)

Returns The Logger for this client. Configure the log_level with the ‘:log_level` option, refer to #initialize.

Returns:

  • (Logger) —

    The Logger for this client. Configure the log_level with the ‘:log_level` option, refer to #initialize



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 252

def logger
  @logger ||= Ably::Logger.new(self, log_level, @custom_logger)
end

#mime_type ⇒ String (readonly)

Returns Mime type used for HTTP requests.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    Mime type used for HTTP requests



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 258

def mime_type
  case protocol
  when :json
    'application/json'
  else
    'application/x-msgpack'
  end
end

#options ⇒ Hash (readonly)

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

The additional options passed to this Client’s #initialize method not available as attributes of this class

Returns:

  • (Hash) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 79

def options
  @options
end

#protocol ⇒ Symbol (readonly)

The protocol configured for this client, either binary ‘:msgpack` or text based `:json`

Returns:

  • (Symbol) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 40

def protocol
  @protocol
end

#protocol_binary? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)

Returns True of the transport #protocol communicates with Ably with a binary protocol.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    True of the transport #protocol communicates with Ably with a binary protocol



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 291

def protocol_binary?
  protocol == :msgpack
end

#use_tls? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)

Returns True if client is configured to use TLS for all Ably communication.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    True if client is configured to use TLS for all Ably communication



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 225

def use_tls?
  @tls == true
end

Instance Method Details

#channel(name, channel_options = {}) ⇒ Ably::Rest::Channel

Return a REST Ably::Rest::Channel for the given name

Parameters:

  • name (String) —

    The name of the channel

  • channel_options (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    Channel options, currently reserved for Encryption options

Returns:



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 179

def channel(name, channel_options = {})
  channels.get(name, channel_options)
end

#connection(options = {}) ⇒ Faraday::Connection

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

Connection used to make HTTP requests

Parameters:

  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {})

Options Hash (options):

  • :use_fallback (Boolean) —

    when true, one of the fallback connections is used randomly, see FALLBACK_HOSTS

Returns:

  • (Faraday::Connection) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 303

def connection(options = {})
  if options[:use_fallback]
    fallback_connection
  else
    @connection ||= Faraday.new(endpoint.to_s, connection_options)
  end
end

#fallback_connection ⇒ Faraday::Connection

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

Fallback connection used to make HTTP requests. Note, each request uses a random and then subsequent random fallback host

Returns:

  • (Faraday::Connection) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 317

def fallback_connection
  unless defined?(@fallback_connections) && @fallback_connections
    @fallback_connections = Ably::FALLBACK_HOSTS.shuffle.map { |host| Faraday.new(endpoint_for_host(host).to_s, connection_options) }
  end
  @fallback_index ||= 0

  @fallback_connections[@fallback_index % @fallback_connections.count].tap do
    @fallback_index += 1
  end
end

#get(path, params = {}, options = {}) ⇒ Faraday::Response

Perform an HTTP GET request to the API using configured authentication

Returns:

  • (Faraday::Response) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 232

def get(path, params = {}, options = {})
  request(:get, path, params, options)
end

#post(path, params, options = {}) ⇒ Faraday::Response

Perform an HTTP POST request to the API using configured authentication

Returns:

  • (Faraday::Response) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 239

def post(path, params, options = {})
  request(:post, path, params, options)
end

#register_encoder(encoder) ⇒ void

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

Note:

Encoders and decoders are processed in the order they are added so the first encoder will be given priority when encoding and decoding

This method returns an undefined value.

Register a message encoder and decoder that implements Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base interface. Message encoders are used to encode and decode message payloads automatically.

Parameters:



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 275

def register_encoder(encoder)
  encoder_klass = if encoder.kind_of?(String)
    encoder.split('::').inject(Kernel) do |base, klass_name|
      base.public_send(:const_get, klass_name)
    end
  else
    encoder
  end

  raise "Encoder must inherit from `Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base`" unless encoder_klass.ancestors.include?(Ably::Models::MessageEncoders::Base)

  encoders << encoder_klass.new(self)
end

#stats(options = {}) ⇒ Ably::Models::PaginatedResult<Ably::Models::Stats>

Retrieve the Stats for the application

Parameters:

  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    the options for the stats request

Options Hash (options):

  • :start (Integer, Time) —

    Ensure earliest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is :start

  • :end (Integer, Time) —

    Ensure latest time or millisecond since epoch for any stats retrieved is :end

  • :direction (Symbol) —

    :forwards or :backwards, defaults to :backwards

  • :limit (Integer) —

    Maximum number of messages to retrieve up to 1,000, defaults to 100

  • :unit (Symbol) —

    ‘:minute`, `:hour`, `:day` or `:month`. Defaults to `:minute`

Returns:

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 194

def stats(options = {})
  options = {
    :direction => :backwards,
    :unit      => :minute,
    :limit     => 100
  }.merge(options)

  [:start, :end].each { |option| options[option] = as_since_epoch(options[option]) if options.has_key?(option) }
  raise ArgumentError, ":end must be equal to or after :start" if options[:start] && options[:end] && (options[:start] > options[:end])

  paginated_options = {
    coerce_into: 'Ably::Models::Stats'
  }

  url = '/stats'
  response = get(url, options)

  Ably::Models::PaginatedResult.new(response, url, self, paginated_options)
end

#time ⇒ Time

Retrieve the Ably service time

Returns:

  • (Time) —

    The time as reported by the Ably service



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# File 'lib/ably/rest/client.rb', line 217

def time
  response = get('/time', {}, send_auth_header: false)

  as_time_from_epoch(response.body.first)
end