Module: ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Digest

Extended by:
Digest
Included in:
Digest
Defined in:
lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: ControllerMethods

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#authenticate(request, realm, &password_procedure) ⇒ Object

Returns false on a valid response, true otherwise



183
184
185
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 183

def authenticate(request, realm, &password_procedure)
  request.authorization && validate_digest_response(request, realm, &password_procedure)
end

#authentication_header(controller, realm) ⇒ Object 



241
242
243
244
245
246
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 241

def authentication_header(controller, realm)
  secret_key = secret_token(controller.request)
  nonce = self.nonce(secret_key)
  opaque = opaque(secret_key)
  controller.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = %(Digest realm="#{realm}", qop="auth", algorithm=MD5, nonce="#{nonce}", opaque="#{opaque}")
end

#authentication_request(controller, realm, message = nil) ⇒ Object 



248
249
250
251
252
253
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 248

def authentication_request(controller, realm, message = nil)
  message ||= "HTTP Digest: Access denied.\n"
  authentication_header(controller, realm)
  controller.response_body = message
  controller.status = 401
end

#decode_credentials(header) ⇒ Object 



234
235
236
237
238
239
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 234

def decode_credentials(header)
  HashWithIndifferentAccess[header.to_s.gsub(/^Digest\s+/,'').split(',').map do |pair|
    key, value = pair.split('=', 2)
    [key.strip, value.to_s.gsub(/^"|"$/,'').delete('\'')]
  end]
end

#decode_credentials_header(request) ⇒ Object 



230
231
232
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 230

def decode_credentials_header(request)
  decode_credentials(request.authorization)
end

#encode_credentials(http_method, credentials, password, password_is_ha1) ⇒ Object 



225
226
227
228
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 225

def encode_credentials(http_method, credentials, password, password_is_ha1)
  credentials[:response] = expected_response(http_method, credentials[:uri], credentials, password, password_is_ha1)
  "Digest " + credentials.sort_by {|x| x[0].to_s }.map {|v| "#{v[0]}='#{v[1]}'" }.join(', ')
end

#expected_response(http_method, uri, credentials, password, password_is_ha1 = true) ⇒ Object

Returns the expected response for a request of http_method to uri with the decoded credentials and the expected password Optional parameter password_is_ha1 is set to true by default, since best practice is to store ha1 digest instead of a plain-text password.



215
216
217
218
219
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 215

def expected_response(http_method, uri, credentials, password, password_is_ha1=true)
  ha1 = password_is_ha1 ? password : ha1(credentials, password)
  ha2 = ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest([http_method.to_s.upcase, uri].join(':'))
  ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest([ha1, credentials[:nonce], credentials[:nc], credentials[:cnonce], credentials[:qop], ha2].join(':'))
end

#ha1(credentials, password) ⇒ Object 



221
222
223
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 221

def ha1(credentials, password)
  ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest([credentials[:username], credentials[:realm], password].join(':'))
end

#nonce(secret_key, time = Time.now) ⇒ Object

Uses an MD5 digest based on time to generate a value to be used only once.

A server-specified data string which should be uniquely generated each time a 401 response is made. It is recommended that this string be base64 or hexadecimal data. Specifically, since the string is passed in the header lines as a quoted string, the double-quote character is not allowed.

The contents of the nonce are implementation dependent. The quality of the implementation depends on a good choice. A nonce might, for example, be constructed as the base 64 encoding of

> time-stamp H(time-stamp “:” ETag “:” private-key)

where time-stamp is a server-generated time or other non-repeating value, ETag is the value of the HTTP ETag header associated with the requested entity, and private-key is data known only to the server. With a nonce of this form a server would recalculate the hash portion after receiving the client authentication header and reject the request if it did not match the nonce from that header or if the time-stamp value is not recent enough. In this way the server can limit the time of the nonce’s validity. The inclusion of the ETag prevents a replay request for an updated version of the resource. (Note: including the IP address of the client in the nonce would appear to offer the server the ability to limit the reuse of the nonce to the same client that originally got it. However, that would break proxy farms, where requests from a single user often go through different proxies in the farm. Also, IP address spoofing is not that hard.)

An implementation might choose not to accept a previously used nonce or a previously used digest, in order to protect against a replay attack. Or, an implementation might choose to use one-time nonces or digests for POST or PUT requests and a time-stamp for GET requests. For more details on the issues involved see Section 4 of this document.

The nonce is opaque to the client. Composed of Time, and hash of Time with secret key from the Rails session secret generated upon creation of project. Ensures the time cannot be modified by client.



293
294
295
296
297
298
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 293

def nonce(secret_key, time = Time.now)
  t = time.to_i
  hashed = [t, secret_key]
  digest = ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest(hashed.join(":"))
  ::Base64.encode64("#{t}:#{digest}").gsub("\n", '')
end

#opaque(secret_key) ⇒ Object

Opaque based on random generation - but changing each request?



311
312
313
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 311

def opaque(secret_key)
  ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest(secret_key)
end

#secret_token(request) ⇒ Object 



255
256
257
258
259
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 255

def secret_token(request)
  secret = request.env["action_dispatch.secret_token"]
  raise "You must set config.secret_token in your app's config" if secret.blank?
  secret
end

#validate_digest_response(request, realm, &password_procedure) ⇒ Object

Returns false unless the request credentials response value matches the expected value. First try the password as a ha1 digest password. If this fails, then try it as a plain text password.



190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 190

def validate_digest_response(request, realm, &password_procedure)
  secret_key  = secret_token(request)
  credentials = decode_credentials_header(request)
  valid_nonce = validate_nonce(secret_key, request, credentials[:nonce])

  if valid_nonce && realm == credentials[:realm] && opaque(secret_key) == credentials[:opaque]
    password = password_procedure.call(credentials[:username])
    return false unless password

    method = request.env['rack.methodoverride.original_method'] || request.env['REQUEST_METHOD']
    uri    = credentials[:uri][0,1] == '/' ? request.original_fullpath : request.original_url

    [true, false].any? do |trailing_question_mark|
      [true, false].any? do |password_is_ha1|
        _uri = trailing_question_mark ? uri + "?" : uri
        expected = expected_response(method, _uri, credentials, password, password_is_ha1)
        expected == credentials[:response]
      end
    end
  end
end

#validate_nonce(secret_key, request, value, seconds_to_timeout = 5*60) ⇒ Object

Might want a shorter timeout depending on whether the request is a PUT or POST, and if client is browser or web service. Can be much shorter if the Stale directive is implemented. This would allow a user to use new nonce without prompting user again for their username and password.



305
306
307
308
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb', line 305

def validate_nonce(secret_key, request, value, seconds_to_timeout=5*60)
  t = ::Base64.decode64(value).split(":").first.to_i
  nonce(secret_key, t) == value && (t - Time.now.to_i).abs <= seconds_to_timeout
end