Class: ActionController::Parameters

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb

Overview

Action Controller Parameters

Allows you to choose which attributes should be permitted for mass updating and thus prevent accidentally exposing that which shouldn’t be exposed. Provides two methods for this purpose: #require and #permit. The former is used to mark parameters as required. The latter is used to set the parameter as permitted and limit which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    name: "Francesco",
    age:  22,
    role: "admin"
  }
})

permitted = params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age)
permitted            # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco", "age"=>22} permitted: true>
permitted.permitted? # => true

Person.first.update!(permitted)
# => #<Person id: 1, name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "user">

It provides two options that controls the top-level behavior of new instances:

  • permit_all_parameters - If it’s true, all the parameters will be permitted by default. The default is false.

  • action_on_unpermitted_parameters - Controls behavior when parameters that are not explicitly

    permitted are found. The default value is <tt>:log</tt> in test and development environments,
+false+ otherwise. The values can be:

    • false to take no action.

    • :log to emit an ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument event on the unpermitted_parameters.action_controller topic and log at the DEBUG level.

    • :raise to raise a ActionController::UnpermittedParameters exception.

Examples:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false

ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>

ActionController::Parameters.action_on_unpermitted_parameters = :raise

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => ActionController::UnpermittedParameters: found unpermitted keys: a, b

Please note that these options *are not thread-safe*. In a multi-threaded environment they should only be set once at boot-time and never mutated at runtime.

You can fetch values of ActionController::Parameters using either :key or "key".

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(key: "value")
params[:key]  # => "value"
params["key"] # => "value"

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(parameters = {}, logging_context = {}) ⇒ Parameters

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters. Also, sets the permitted attribute to the default value of ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters.

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError

ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">



267
268
269
270
271
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 267

def initialize(parameters = {}, logging_context = {})
  @parameters = parameters.with_indifferent_access
  @logging_context = logging_context
  @permitted = self.class.permit_all_parameters
end

Class Method Details

.hook_into_yaml_loading ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



889
890
891
892
893
894
895
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 889

def self.hook_into_yaml_loading # :nodoc:
  # Wire up YAML format compatibility with Rails 4.2 and Psych 2.0.8 and 2.0.9+.
  # Makes the YAML parser call `init_with` when it encounters the keys below
  # instead of trying its own parsing routines.
  YAML.load_tags["!ruby/hash-with-ivars:ActionController::Parameters"] = name
  YAML.load_tags["!ruby/hash:ActionController::Parameters"] = name
end

.nested_attribute?(key, value) ⇒ Boolean

:nodoc:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


246
247
248
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 246

def nested_attribute?(key, value) # :nodoc:
  /\A-?\d+\z/.match?(key) && (value.is_a?(Hash) || value.is_a?(Parameters))
end

Instance Method Details

#==(other) ⇒ Object

Returns true if another Parameters object contains the same content and permitted flag.



275
276
277
278
279
280
281
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 275

def ==(other)
  if other.respond_to?(:permitted?)
    permitted? == other.permitted? && parameters == other.parameters
  else
    @parameters == other
  end
end

#[](key) ⇒ Object

Returns a parameter for the given key. If not found, returns nil.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params[:person] # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params[:none]   # => nil



643
644
645
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 643

def [](key)
  convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, @parameters[key])
end

#[]=(key, value) ⇒ Object

Assigns a value to a given key. The given key may still get filtered out when permit is called.



649
650
651
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 649

def []=(key, value)
  @parameters[key] = value
end

#compact ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with nil values removed.



819
820
821
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 819

def compact
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.compact)
end

#compact! ⇒ Object

Removes all nil values in place and returns self, or nil if no changes were made.



824
825
826
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 824

def compact!
  self if @parameters.compact!
end

#compact_blank ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters without the blank values. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.



830
831
832
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 830

def compact_blank
  reject { |_k, v| v.blank? }
end

#compact_blank! ⇒ Object

Removes all blank values in place and returns self. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.



836
837
838
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 836

def compact_blank!
  reject! { |_k, v| v.blank? }
end

#converted_arrays ⇒ Object

Attribute that keeps track of converted arrays, if any, to avoid double looping in the common use case permit + mass-assignment. Defined in a method to instantiate it only if needed.

Testing membership still loops, but it’s going to be faster than our own loop that converts values. Also, we are not going to build a new array object per fetch.



407
408
409
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 407

def converted_arrays
  @converted_arrays ||= Set.new
end

#deep_dup ⇒ Object

Returns duplicate of object including all parameters.



921
922
923
924
925
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 921

def deep_dup
  self.class.new(@parameters.deep_dup, @logging_context).tap do |duplicate|
    duplicate.permitted = @permitted
  end
end

#deep_transform_keys(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance with the results of running block once for every key. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.



770
771
772
773
774
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 770

def deep_transform_keys(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.deep_transform_keys(&block)
  )
end

#deep_transform_keys!(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns the ActionController::Parameters instance changing its keys. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.



779
780
781
782
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 779

def deep_transform_keys!(&block)
  @parameters.deep_transform_keys!(&block)
  self
end

#delete(key, &block) ⇒ Object

Deletes a key-value pair from Parameters and returns the value. If key is not found, returns nil (or, with optional code block, yields key and returns the result). Cf. #extract!, which returns the corresponding ActionController::Parameters object.



788
789
790
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 788

def delete(key, &block)
  convert_value_to_parameters(@parameters.delete(key, &block))
end

#dig(*keys) ⇒ Object

Extracts the nested parameter from the given keys by calling dig at each step. Returns nil if any intermediate step is nil.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: { bar: { baz: 1 } })
params.dig(:foo, :bar, :baz) # => 1
params.dig(:foo, :zot, :xyz) # => nil

params2 = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: [10, 11, 12])
params2.dig(:foo, 1) # => 11



687
688
689
690
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 687

def dig(*keys)
  convert_hashes_to_parameters(keys.first, @parameters[keys.first])
  @parameters.dig(*keys)
end

#each_pair(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: each

Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each pair in the same way as Hash#each_pair.



379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 379

def each_pair(&block)
  return to_enum(__callee__) unless block_given?
  @parameters.each_pair do |key, value|
    yield [key, convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value)]
  end

  self
end

#each_value(&block) ⇒ Object

Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each value in the same way as Hash#each_value.



391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 391

def each_value(&block)
  return to_enum(:each_value) unless block_given?
  @parameters.each_pair do |key, value|
    yield convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value)
  end

  self
end

#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



916
917
918
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 916

def encode_with(coder) # :nodoc:
  coder.map = { "parameters" => @parameters, "permitted" => @permitted }
end

#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


283
284
285
286
287
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 283

def eql?(other)
  self.class == other.class &&
    permitted? == other.permitted? &&
    parameters.eql?(other.parameters)
end

#except(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that filters out the given keys.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.except(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>
params.except(:d)     # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3} permitted: false>



716
717
718
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 716

def except(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.except(*keys))
end

#extract!(*keys) ⇒ Object

Removes and returns the key/value pairs matching the given keys.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.extract!(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params                  # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>



725
726
727
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 725

def extract!(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.extract!(*keys))
end

#fetch(key, *args) ⇒ Object

Returns a parameter for the given key. If the key can’t be found, there are several options: With no other arguments, it will raise an ActionController::ParameterMissing error; if a second argument is given, then that is returned (converted to an instance of ActionController::Parameters if possible); if a block is given, then that will be run and its result returned.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params.fetch(:person)               # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none)                 # => ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: none
params.fetch(:none, {})             # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none, "Francesco")    # => "Francesco"
params.fetch(:none) { "Francesco" } # => "Francesco"



666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 666

def fetch(key, *args)
  convert_value_to_parameters(
    @parameters.fetch(key) {
      if block_given?
        yield
      else
        args.fetch(0) { raise ActionController::ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys) }
      end
    }
  )
end

#hash ⇒ Object 



289
290
291
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 289

def hash
  [self.class, @parameters, @permitted].hash
end

#init_with(coder) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 898

def init_with(coder) # :nodoc:
  case coder.tag
  when "!ruby/hash:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML 2.0.8's format where hash instance variables weren't stored.
    @parameters = coder.map.with_indifferent_access
    @permitted  = false
  when "!ruby/hash-with-ivars:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML 2.0.9's Hash subclass format where keys and values
    # were stored under an elements hash and `permitted` within an ivars hash.
    @parameters = coder.map["elements"].with_indifferent_access
    @permitted  = coder.map["ivars"][:@permitted]
  when "!ruby/object:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML's Object format. Only needed because of the format
    # backwards compatibility above, otherwise equivalent to YAML's initialization.
    @parameters, @permitted = coder.map["parameters"], coder.map["permitted"]
  end
end

#inspect ⇒ Object 



885
886
887
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 885

def inspect
  "#<#{self.class} #{@parameters} permitted: #{@permitted}>"
end

#keys ⇒ Object

:method: values

:call-seq:

values()

Returns a new array of the values of the parameters.



233
234
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 233

delegate :keys, :key?, :has_key?, :member?, :values, :has_value?, :value?, :empty?, :include?,
:as_json, :to_s, :each_key, to: :@parameters

#merge(other_hash) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with all keys from other_hash merged into current hash.



848
849
850
851
852
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 848

def merge(other_hash)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.merge(other_hash.to_h)
  )
end

#merge!(other_hash) ⇒ Object

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance with other_hash merged into current hash.



856
857
858
859
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 856

def merge!(other_hash)
  @parameters.merge!(other_hash.to_h)
  self
end

#permit(*filters) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that includes only the given filters and sets the permitted attribute for the object to true. This is useful for limiting which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "admin" })
permitted = params.require(:user).permit(:name, :age)
permitted.permitted?      # => true
permitted.has_key?(:name) # => true
permitted.has_key?(:age)  # => true
permitted.has_key?(:role) # => false

Only permitted scalars pass the filter. For example, given

params.permit(:name)

:name passes if it is a key of params whose associated value is of type String, Symbol, NilClass, Numeric, TrueClass, FalseClass, Date, Time, DateTime, StringIO, IO, ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile or Rack::Test::UploadedFile. Otherwise, the key :name is filtered out.

You may declare that the parameter should be an array of permitted scalars by mapping it to an empty array:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(tags: ["rails", "parameters"])
params.permit(tags: [])

Sometimes it is not possible or convenient to declare the valid keys of a hash parameter or its internal structure. Just map to an empty hash:

params.permit(preferences: {})

Be careful because this opens the door to arbitrary input. In this case, permit ensures values in the returned structure are permitted scalars and filters out anything else.

You can also use permit on nested parameters, like:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    name: "Francesco",
    age:  22,
    pets: [{
      name: "Purplish",
      category: "dogs"
    }]
  }
})

permitted = params.permit(person: [ :name, { pets: :name } ])
permitted.permitted?                    # => true
permitted[:person][:name]               # => "Francesco"
permitted[:person][:age]                # => nil
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:name]     # => "Purplish"
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:category] # => nil

Note that if you use permit in a key that points to a hash, it won’t allow all the hash. You also need to specify which attributes inside the hash should be permitted.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    contact: {
      email: "[email protected]",
      phone: "555-1234"
    }
  }
})

params.require(:person).permit(:contact)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>

params.require(:person).permit(contact: :phone)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>

params.require(:person).permit(contact: [ :email, :phone ])
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"email"=>"[email protected]", "phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>

If your parameters specify multiple parameters indexed by a number, you can permit each set of parameters under the numeric key to be the same using the same syntax as permitting a single item.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    '0': {
      email: "[email protected]",
      phone: "555-1234"
    },
    '1': {
      email: "[email protected]",
      phone: "555-6789"
    },
  }
})
params.permit(person: [:email]).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"[email protected]"}, "1"=>{"email"=>"[email protected]"}}}

If you want to specify what keys you want from each numeric key, you can instead specify each one individually

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    '0': {
      email: "[email protected]",
      phone: "555-1234"
    },
    '1': {
      email: "[email protected]",
      phone: "555-6789"
    },
  }
})
params.permit(person: { '0': [:email], '1': [:phone]}).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"[email protected]"}, "1"=>{"phone"=>"555-6789"}}}



620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 620

def permit(*filters)
  params = self.class.new

  filters.flatten.each do |filter|
    case filter
    when Symbol, String
      permitted_scalar_filter(params, filter)
    when Hash
      hash_filter(params, filter)
    end
  end

  unpermitted_parameters!(params) if self.class.action_on_unpermitted_parameters

  params.permit!
end

#permit! ⇒ Object

Sets the permitted attribute to true. This can be used to pass mass assignment. Returns self.

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError
params.permit!
params.permitted?  # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">



433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 433

def permit!
  each_pair do |key, value|
    Array.wrap(value).flatten.each do |v|
      v.permit! if v.respond_to? :permit!
    end
  end

  @permitted = true
  self
end

#permitted? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the parameter is permitted, false otherwise.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false
params.permit!
params.permitted? # => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


417
418
419
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 417

def permitted?
  @permitted
end

#reject(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with items that the block evaluates to true removed.



807
808
809
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 807

def reject(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.reject(&block))
end

#reject!(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: delete_if

Removes items that the block evaluates to true and returns self.



812
813
814
815
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 812

def reject!(&block)
  @parameters.reject!(&block)
  self
end

#require(key) ⇒ Object Also known as: required

This method accepts both a single key and an array of keys.

When passed a single key, if it exists and its associated value is either present or the singleton false, returns said value:

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" }).require(:person)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>

Otherwise raises ActionController::ParameterMissing:

ActionController::Parameters.new.require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: nil).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: "\t").require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: {}).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

When given an array of keys, the method tries to require each one of them in order. If it succeeds, an array with the respective return values is returned:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { ... }, profile: { ... })
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])

Otherwise, the method re-raises the first exception found:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: {}, profile: {})
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: user

Technically this method can be used to fetch terminal values:

# CAREFUL
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Finn" })
name = params.require(:person).require(:name) # CAREFUL

but take into account that at some point those ones have to be permitted:

def person_params
  params.require(:person).permit(:name).tap do |person_params|
    person_params.require(:name) # SAFER
  end
end

for example.



494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 494

def require(key)
  return key.map { |k| require(k) } if key.is_a?(Array)
  value = self[key]
  if value.present? || value == false
    value
  else
    raise ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys)
  end
end

#reverse_merge(other_hash) ⇒ Object Also known as: with_defaults

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with all keys from current hash merged into other_hash.



863
864
865
866
867
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 863

def reverse_merge(other_hash)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    other_hash.to_h.merge(@parameters)
  )
end

#reverse_merge!(other_hash) ⇒ Object Also known as: with_defaults!

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance with current hash merged into other_hash.



872
873
874
875
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 872

def reverse_merge!(other_hash)
  @parameters.merge!(other_hash.to_h) { |key, left, right| left }
  self
end

#select(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with only items that the block evaluates to true.



794
795
796
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 794

def select(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.select(&block))
end

#select!(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: keep_if

Equivalent to Hash#keep_if, but returns nil if no changes were made.



799
800
801
802
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 799

def select!(&block)
  @parameters.select!(&block)
  self
end

#slice(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that includes only the given keys. If the given keys don’t exist, returns an empty hash.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.slice(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params.slice(:d)     # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>



699
700
701
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 699

def slice(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.slice(*keys))
end

#slice!(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance which contains only the given keys.



705
706
707
708
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 705

def slice!(*keys)
  @parameters.slice!(*keys)
  self
end

#stringify_keys ⇒ Object

This is required by ActiveModel attribute assignment, so that user can pass Parameters to a mass assignment methods in a model. It should not matter as we are using HashWithIndifferentAccess internally.



881
882
883
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 881

def stringify_keys # :nodoc:
  dup
end

#to_h ⇒ Object

Returns a safe ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_h
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_h # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}



305
306
307
308
309
310
311
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 305

def to_h
  if permitted?
    convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_h)
  else
    raise UnfilteredParameters
  end
end

#to_hash ⇒ Object

Returns a safe Hash representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_hash
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_hash # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}



325
326
327
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 325

def to_hash
  to_h.to_hash
end

#to_query(*args) ⇒ Object Also known as: to_param

Returns a string representation of the receiver suitable for use as a URL query string:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "David",
  nationality: "Danish"
})
params.to_query
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query
# => "name=David&nationality=Danish"

An optional namespace can be passed to enclose key names:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "David",
  nationality: "Danish"
})
safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query("user")
# => "user%5Bname%5D=David&user%5Bnationality%5D=Danish"

The string pairs “key=value” that conform the query string are sorted lexicographically in ascending order.

This method is also aliased as to_param.



357
358
359
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 357

def to_query(*args)
  to_h.to_query(*args)
end

#to_unsafe_h ⇒ Object Also known as: to_unsafe_hash

Returns an unsafe, unfiltered ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess representation of the parameters.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_unsafe_h
# => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi", "oddity" => "Heavy stone crab"}



372
373
374
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 372

def to_unsafe_h
  convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_unsafe_h)
end

#transform_keys(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance with the results of running block once for every key. The values are unchanged.



752
753
754
755
756
757
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 752

def transform_keys(&block)
  return to_enum(:transform_keys) unless block_given?
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.transform_keys(&block)
  )
end

#transform_keys!(&block) ⇒ Object

Performs keys transformation and returns the altered ActionController::Parameters instance.



761
762
763
764
765
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 761

def transform_keys!(&block)
  return to_enum(:transform_keys!) unless block_given?
  @parameters.transform_keys!(&block)
  self
end

#transform_values ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with the results of running block once for every value. The keys are unchanged.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.transform_values { |x| x * 2 }
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>2, "b"=>4, "c"=>6} permitted: false>



735
736
737
738
739
740
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 735

def transform_values
  return to_enum(:transform_values) unless block_given?
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.transform_values { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) }
  )
end

#transform_values! ⇒ Object

Performs values transformation and returns the altered ActionController::Parameters instance.



744
745
746
747
748
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 744

def transform_values!
  return to_enum(:transform_values!) unless block_given?
  @parameters.transform_values! { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) }
  self
end

#values_at(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns values that were assigned to the given keys. Note that all the Hash objects will be converted to ActionController::Parameters.



842
843
844
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 842

def values_at(*keys)
  convert_value_to_parameters(@parameters.values_at(*keys))
end