Module: ActiveSupport::Notifications

Defined in:
lib/active_support/notifications.rb,
lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb,
lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb

Overview

Notifications

ActiveSupport::Notifications provides an instrumentation API for Ruby.

Instrumenters

To instrument an event you just need to do:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('render', extra: :information) do
  render plain: 'Foo'
end

That first executes the block and then notifies all subscribers once done.

In the example above render is the name of the event, and the rest is called the payload. The payload is a mechanism that allows instrumenters to pass extra information to subscribers. Payloads consist of a hash whose contents are arbitrary and generally depend on the event.

Subscribers

You can consume those events and the information they provide by registering a subscriber.

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
  name    # => String, name of the event (such as 'render' from above)
  start   # => Time, when the instrumented block started execution
  finish  # => Time, when the instrumented block ended execution
  id      # => String, unique ID for the instrumenter that fired the event
  payload # => Hash, the payload
end

Here, the start and finish values represent wall-clock time. If you are concerned about accuracy, you can register a monotonic subscriber.

ActiveSupport::Notifications.monotonic_subscribe('render') do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
  name    # => String, name of the event (such as 'render' from above)
  start   # => Monotonic time, when the instrumented block started execution
  finish  # => Monotonic time, when the instrumented block ended execution
  id      # => String, unique ID for the instrumenter that fired the event
  payload # => Hash, the payload
end

The start and finish values above represent monotonic time.

For instance, let’s store all “render” events in an array:

events = []

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |*args|
  events << ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
end

That code returns right away, you are just subscribing to “render” events. The block is saved and will be called whenever someone instruments “render”:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('render', extra: :information) do
  render plain: 'Foo'
end

event = events.first
event.name      # => "render"
event.duration  # => 10 (in milliseconds)
event.payload   # => { extra: :information }

The block in the subscribe call gets the name of the event, start timestamp, end timestamp, a string with a unique identifier for that event’s instrumenter (something like “535801666f04d0298cd6”), and a hash with the payload, in that order.

If an exception happens during that particular instrumentation the payload will have a key :exception with an array of two elements as value: a string with the name of the exception class, and the exception message. The :exception_object key of the payload will have the exception itself as the value:

event.payload[:exception]         # => ["ArgumentError", "Invalid value"]
event.payload[:exception_object]  # => #<ArgumentError: Invalid value>

As the earlier example depicts, the class ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event is able to take the arguments as they come and provide an object-oriented interface to that data.

It is also possible to pass an object which responds to call method as the second parameter to the subscribe method instead of a block:

module ActionController
  class PageRequest
    def call(name, started, finished, unique_id, payload)
      Rails.logger.debug ['notification:', name, started, finished, unique_id, payload].join(' ')
    end
  end
end

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('process_action.action_controller', ActionController::PageRequest.new)

resulting in the following output within the logs including a hash with the payload:

notification: process_action.action_controller 2012-04-13 01:08:35 +0300 2012-04-13 01:08:35 +0300 af358ed7fab884532ec7 {
   controller: "Devise::SessionsController",
   action: "new",
   params: {"action"=>"new", "controller"=>"devise/sessions"},
   format: :html,
   method: "GET",
   path: "/login/sign_in",
   status: 200,
   view_runtime: 279.3080806732178,
   db_runtime: 40.053
 }

You can also subscribe to all events whose name matches a certain regexp:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |*args|
  ...
end

and even pass no argument to subscribe, in which case you are subscribing to all events.

Temporary Subscriptions

Sometimes you do not want to subscribe to an event for the entire life of the application. There are two ways to unsubscribe.

WARNING: The instrumentation framework is designed for long-running subscribers, use this feature sparingly because it wipes some internal caches and that has a negative impact on performance.

Subscribe While a Block Runs

You can subscribe to some event temporarily while some block runs. For example, in

callback = lambda {|*args| ... }
ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribed(callback, "sql.active_record") do
  ...
end

the callback will be called for all “sql.active_record” events instrumented during the execution of the block. The callback is unsubscribed automatically after that.

To record started and finished values with monotonic time, specify the optional :monotonic option to the subscribed method. The :monotonic option is set to false by default.

callback = lambda {|name, started, finished, unique_id, payload| ... }
ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribed(callback, "sql.active_record", monotonic: true) do
  ...
end

Manual Unsubscription

The subscribe method returns a subscriber object:

subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("render") do |*args|
  ...
end

To prevent that block from being called anymore, just unsubscribe passing that reference:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber)

You can also unsubscribe by passing the name of the subscriber object. Note that this will unsubscribe all subscriptions with the given name:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe("render")

Subscribers using a regexp or other pattern-matching object will remain subscribed to all events that match their original pattern, unless those events match a string passed to unsubscribe:

subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) { }
ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe('render_template.action_view')
subscriber.matches?('render_template.action_view') # => false
subscriber.matches?('render_partial.action_view') # => true

Default Queue

Notifications ships with a queue implementation that consumes and publishes events to all log subscribers. You can use any queue implementation you want.

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: FanoutIteration Classes: Event, Fanout, InstrumentationSubscriberError, Instrumenter

Class Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Attribute Details

.notifier ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute notifier.



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 194

def notifier
  @notifier
end

Class Method Details

.instrument(name, payload = {}) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 204

def instrument(name, payload = {})
  if notifier.listening?(name)
    instrumenter.instrument(name, payload) { yield payload if block_given? }
  else
    yield payload if block_given?
  end
end

.instrumenter ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 268

def instrumenter
  registry[notifier] ||= Instrumenter.new(notifier)
end

.monotonic_subscribe(pattern = nil, callback = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Performs the same functionality as #subscribe, but the start and finish block arguments are in monotonic time instead of wall-clock time. Monotonic time will not jump forward or backward (due to NTP or Daylights Savings). Use monotonic_subscribe when accuracy of time duration is important. For example, computing elapsed time between two events.



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 253

def monotonic_subscribe(pattern = nil, callback = nil, &block)
  notifier.subscribe(pattern, callback, monotonic: true, &block)
end

.publish(name, *args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 196

def publish(name, *args)
  notifier.publish(name, *args)
end

.publish_event(event) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 200

def publish_event(event) # :nodoc:
  notifier.publish_event(event)
end

.subscribe(pattern = nil, callback = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Subscribe to a given event name with the passed block.

You can subscribe to events by passing a String to match exact event names, or by passing a Regexp to match all events that match a pattern.

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |*args|
  @event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
end

The block will receive five parameters with information about the event:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
  name    # => String, name of the event (such as 'render' from above)
  start   # => Time, when the instrumented block started execution
  finish  # => Time, when the instrumented block ended execution
  id      # => String, unique ID for the instrumenter that fired the event
  payload # => Hash, the payload
end

If the block passed to the method only takes one parameter, it will yield an event object to the block:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |event|
  @event = event
end

Raises an error if invalid event name type is passed:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(:render) {|*args| ...}
#=> ArgumentError (pattern must be specified as a String, Regexp or empty)



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 243

def subscribe(pattern = nil, callback = nil, &block)
  notifier.subscribe(pattern, callback, monotonic: false, &block)
end

.subscribed(callback, pattern = nil, monotonic: false, &block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 257

def subscribed(callback, pattern = nil, monotonic: false, &block)
  subscriber = notifier.subscribe(pattern, callback, monotonic: monotonic)
  yield
ensure
  unsubscribe(subscriber)
end

.unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/active_support/notifications.rb', line 264

def unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name)
  notifier.unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name)
end