Class: StateMachine::State

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Assertions
Defined in:
lib/state_machine/state.rb

Overview

A state defines a value that an attribute can be in after being transitioned 0 or more times. States can represent a value of any type in Ruby, though the most common (and default) type is String.

In addition to defining the machine’s value, a state can also define a behavioral context for an object when that object is in the state. See StateMachine::Machine#state for more information about how state-driven behavior can be utilized.

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Assertions

#assert_exclusive_keys, #assert_valid_keys

Constructor Details

#initialize(machine, name, options = {}) ⇒ State

Creates a new state within the context of the given machine.

Configuration options:

  • :initial - Whether this state is the beginning state for the machine. Default is false.

  • :value - The value to store when an object transitions to this state. Default is the name (stringified).

  • :cache - If a dynamic value (via a lambda block) is being used, then setting this to true will cache the evaluated result

  • :if - Determines whether a value matches this state (e.g. :value => lambda Time.now, :if => lambda {|state| !state.nil?}). By default, the configured value is matched.

  • :human_name - The human-readable version of this state’s name



57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 57

def initialize(machine, name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  assert_valid_keys(options, :initial, :value, :cache, :if, :human_name)
  
  @machine = machine
  @name = name
  @qualified_name = name && machine.namespace ? :"#{machine.namespace}_#{name}" : name
  @human_name = options[:human_name] || (@name ? @name.to_s.tr('_', ' ') : 'nil')
  @value = options.include?(:value) ? options[:value] : name && name.to_s
  @cache = options[:cache]
  @matcher = options[:if]
  @initial = options[:initial] == true
  @context = StateContext.new(self)
  
  if name
    conflicting_machines = machine.owner_class.state_machines.select {|other_name, other_machine| other_machine != machine && other_machine.states[qualified_name, :qualified_name]}
    
    # Output a warning if another machine has a conflicting qualified name
    # for a different attribute
    if conflict = conflicting_machines.detect {|other_name, other_machine| other_machine.attribute != machine.attribute}
      name, other_machine = conflict
      warn "State #{qualified_name.inspect} for #{machine.name.inspect} is already defined in #{other_machine.name.inspect}"
    elsif conflicting_machines.empty?
      # Only bother adding predicates when another machine for the same
      # attribute hasn't already done so
      add_predicate
    end
  end
end

Instance Attribute Details

#cache ⇒ Object

Whether this state’s value should be cached after being evaluated



34
35
36
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 34

def cache
  @cache
end

#human_name(klass = @machine.owner_class) ⇒ Object

Transforms the state name into a more human-readable format, such as “first gear” instead of “first_gear”



109
110
111
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 109

def human_name(klass = @machine.owner_class)
  @human_name.is_a?(Proc) ? @human_name.call(self, klass) : @human_name
end

#initial ⇒ Object Also known as: initial?

Whether or not this state is the initial state to use for new objects



37
38
39
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 37

def initial
  @initial
end

#machine ⇒ Object

The state machine for which this state is defined



17
18
19
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 17

def machine
  @machine
end

#matcher ⇒ Object

A custom lambda block for determining whether a given value matches this state



42
43
44
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 42

def matcher
  @matcher
end

#name ⇒ Object (readonly)

The unique identifier for the state used in event and callback definitions



20
21
22
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 20

def name
  @name
end

#qualified_name ⇒ Object (readonly)

The fully-qualified identifier for the state, scoped by the machine’s namespace



24
25
26
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 24

def qualified_name
  @qualified_name
end

#value(eval = true) ⇒ Object

The value that represents this state. This will optionally evaluate the original block if it’s a lambda block. Otherwise, the static value is returned.

For example,

State.new(machine, :parked, :value => 1).value                        # => 1
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => lambda {Time.now}).value        # => Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2008
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => lambda {Time.now}).value(false) # => <Proc:0xb6ea7ca0@...>



142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 142

def value(eval = true)
  if @value.is_a?(Proc) && eval
    if cache_value?
      @value = @value.call
      machine.states.update(self)
      @value
    else
      @value.call
    end
  else
    @value
  end
end

Instance Method Details

#call(object, method, *args, &block) ⇒ Object

Calls a method defined in this state’s context on the given object. All arguments and any block will be passed into the method defined.

If the method has never been defined for this state, then a NoMethodError will be raised.



218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 218

def call(object, method, *args, &block)
  options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
  options = {:method_name => method}.merge(options)
  state = machine.states.match!(object)
  
  if state == self && object.respond_to?(method)
    object.send(method, *args, &block)
  elsif method_missing = options[:method_missing]
    # Dispatch to the superclass since the object either isn't in this state
    # or this state doesn't handle the method
    begin
      method_missing.call
    rescue NoMethodError => ex
      if ex.name.to_s == options[:method_name].to_s && ex.args == args
        # No valid context for this method
        raise InvalidContext.new(object, "State #{state.name.inspect} for #{machine.name.inspect} is not a valid context for calling ##{options[:method_name]}")
      else
        raise
      end
    end
  end
end

#context(&block) ⇒ Object

Defines a context for the state which will be enabled on instances of the owner class when the machine is in this state.

This can be called multiple times. Each time a new context is created, a new module will be included in the owner class.



180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 180

def context(&block)
  # Include the context
  context = @context
  machine.owner_class.class_eval { include context }
  
  # Evaluate the method definitions and track which ones were added
  old_methods = context_methods
  context.class_eval(&block)
  new_methods = context_methods.to_a.select {|(name, method)| old_methods[name] != method}
  
  # Alias new methods so that the only execute when the object is in this state
  new_methods.each do |(method_name, method)|
    context_name = context_name_for(method_name)
    context.class_eval <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
      alias_method :"#{context_name}", :#{method_name}
      def #{method_name}(*args, &block)
        state = self.class.state_machine(#{machine.name.inspect}).states.fetch(#{name.inspect})
        options = {:method_missing => lambda {super(*args, &block)}, :method_name => #{method_name.inspect}}
        state.call(self, :"#{context_name}", *(args + [options]), &block)
      end
    end_eval
  end
  
  true
end

#context_methods ⇒ Object

The list of methods that have been defined in this state’s context



207
208
209
210
211
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 207

def context_methods
  @context.instance_methods.inject({}) do |methods, name|
    methods.merge(name.to_sym => @context.instance_method(name))
  end
end

#description(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Generates a human-readable description of this state’s name / value:

For example,

State.new(machine, :parked).description                               # => "parked"
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => :parked).description            # => "parked"
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => nil).description                # => "parked (nil)"
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => 1).description                  # => "parked (1)"
State.new(machine, :parked, :value => lambda {Time.now}).description  # => "parked (*)

Configuration options:

  • :human_name - Whether to use this state’s human name in the description or just the internal name



126
127
128
129
130
131
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 126

def description(options = {})
  label = options[:human_name] ? human_name : name
  description = label ? label.to_s : label.inspect
  description << " (#{@value.is_a?(Proc) ? '*' : @value.inspect})" unless name.to_s == @value.to_s
  description
end

#draw(graph, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Draws a representation of this state on the given machine. This will create a new node on the graph with the following properties:

  • label - The human-friendly description of the state.

  • width - The width of the node. Always 1.

  • height - The height of the node. Always 1.

  • shape - The actual shape of the node. If the state is a final state, then “doublecircle”, otherwise “ellipse”.

Configuration options:

  • :human_name - Whether to use the state’s human name for the node’s label that gets drawn on the graph



252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 252

def draw(graph, options = {})
  node = graph.add_nodes(name ? name.to_s : 'nil',
    :label => description(options),
    :width => '1',
    :height => '1',
    :shape => final? ? 'doublecircle' : 'ellipse'
  )
  
  # Add open arrow for initial state
  graph.add_edges(graph.add_nodes('starting_state', :shape => 'point'), node) if initial?
  
  true
end

#final? ⇒ Boolean

Determines whether there are any states that can be transitioned to from this state. If there are none, then this state is considered final. Any objects in a final state will remain so forever given the current machine’s definition.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 97

def final?
  !machine.events.any? do |event|
    event.branches.any? do |branch|
      branch.state_requirements.any? do |requirement|
        requirement[:from].matches?(name) && !requirement[:to].matches?(name, :from => name)
      end
    end
  end
end

#initialize_copy(orig) ⇒ Object

Creates a copy of this state, excluding the context to prevent conflicts across different machines.



88
89
90
91
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 88

def initialize_copy(orig) #:nodoc:
  super
  @context = StateContext.new(self)
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

Generates a nicely formatted description of this state’s contents.

For example,

state = StateMachine::State.new(machine, :parked, :value => 1, :initial => true)
state   # => #<StateMachine::State name=:parked value=1 initial=true context=[]>



272
273
274
275
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 272

def inspect
  attributes = [[:name, name], [:value, @value], [:initial, initial?]]
  "#<#{self.class} #{attributes.map {|attr, value| "#{attr}=#{value.inspect}"} * ' '}>"
end

#matches?(other_value) ⇒ Boolean

Determines whether this state matches the given value. If no matcher is configured, then this will check whether the values are equivalent. Otherwise, the matcher will determine the result.

For example,

# Without a matcher
state = State.new(machine, :parked, :value => 1)
state.matches?(1)           # => true
state.matches?(2)           # => false

# With a matcher
state = State.new(machine, :parked, :value => lambda {Time.now}, :if => lambda {|value| !value.nil?})
state.matches?(nil)         # => false
state.matches?(Time.now)    # => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


171
172
173
 
# File 'lib/state_machine/state.rb', line 171

def matches?(other_value)
  matcher ? matcher.call(other_value) : other_value == value
end