Class: Constants::Libraries::Element

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Constants::Library
Defined in:
lib/constants/libraries/element.rb

Overview

Element is a library of elements in the periodic table, and includes mass, isotope, and abundance information.

e = Element::He
e.name                    # => "Helium"
e.symbol                  # => "He"
e.atomic_number           # => 2
e.mass                    # => 4.0026032497
e.isotopes                # => [3, 4]
e.abundances              # => [0.000137, 99.999863]

Constant Summary collapse

Ag = 
Element.new("Ag", "Silver", 47, "107:106.905093(6):51.839(8);109:108.904756(3):48.161(8)", "107.8682(2)")
Al = 
Element.new("Al", "Aluminum", 13, "27:26.98153844(14):100", "26.981538(2)")
Ar = 
Element.new("Ar", "Argon", 18, "36:35.96754628(27):0.3365(30);38:37.9627322(5):0.0632(5);40:39.962383123(3):99.6003(30)", "39.948(1)")
As = 
Element.new("As", "Arsenic", 33, "75:74.9215964(18):100", "74.92160(2)")
Au = 
Element.new("Au", "Gold", 79, "197:196.966552(3):100", "196.96655(2)")
B = 
Element.new("B", "Boron", 5, "10:10.0129370(4):19.9(7);11:11.0093055(5):80.1(7)", "10.811(7)")
Ba = 
Element.new("Ba", "Barium", 56, "130:129.906310(7):0.106(1);132:131.905056(3):0.101(1);134:133.904503(3):2.417(18);135:134.905683(3):6.592(12);136:135.904570(3):7.854(24);137:136.905821(3):11.232(24);138:137.905241(3):71.698(42)", "137.327(7)")
Be = 
Element.new("Be", "Beryllium", 4, "9:9.0121821(4):100", "9.012182(3)")
Bi = 
Element.new("Bi", "Bismuth", 83, "209:208.980383(3):100", "208.98038(2)")
Br = 
Element.new("Br", "Bromine", 35, "79:78.9183376(20):50.69(7);81:80.916291(3):49.31(7)", "79.904(1)")
C = 
Element.new("C", "Carbon", 6, "12:12.0000000(0):98.93(8);13:13.0033548378(10):1.07(8)", "12.0107(8)")
Ca = 
Element.new("Ca", "Calcium", 20, "40:39.9625912(3):96.941(156);42:41.9586183(4):0.647(23);43:42.9587668(5):0.135(10);44:43.9554811(9):2.086(110);46:45.9536928(25):0.004(3);48:47.952534(4):0.187(21)", "40.078(4)")
Cd = 
Element.new("Cd", "Cadmium", 48, "106:105.906458(6):1.25(6);108:107.904183(6):0.89(3);110:109.903006(3):12.49(18);111:110.904182(3):12.80(12);112:111.9027572(30):24.13(21);113:112.9044009(30):12.22(12);114:113.9033581(30):28.73(42);116:115.904755(3):7.49(18)", "112.411(8)")
Ce = 
Element.new("Ce", "Cerium", 58, "136:135.907140(50):0.185(2);138:137.905986(11):0.251(2);140:139.905434(3):88.450(51);142:141.909240(4):11.114(51)", "140.116(1)")
Cl = 
Element.new("Cl", "Chlorine", 17, "35:34.96885271(4):75.78(4);37:36.96590260(5):24.22(4)", "35.453(2)")
Co = 
Element.new("Co", "Cobalt", 27, "59:58.9332002(15):100", "58.933200(9)")
Cr = 
Element.new("Cr", "Chromium", 24, "50:49.9460496(14):4.345(13);52:51.9405119(15):83.789(18);53:52.9406538(15):9.501(17);54:53.9388849(15):2.365(7)", "51.9961(6)")
Cs = 
Element.new("Cs", "Cesium", 55, "133:132.905447(3):100", "132.90545(2)")
Cu = 
Element.new("Cu", "Copper", 29, "63:62.9296011(15):69.17(3);65:64.9277937(19):30.83(3)", "63.546(3)")
Dy = 
Element.new("Dy", "Dysprosium", 66, "156:155.924278(7):0.06(1);158:157.924405(4):0.10(1);160:159.925194(3):2.34(8);161:160.926930(3):18.91(24);162:161.926795(3):25.51(26);163:162.928728(3):24.90(16);164:163.929171(3):28.18(37)", "162.500(1)")
Er = 
Element.new("Er", "Erbium", 68, "162:161.928775(4):0.14(1);164:163.929197(4):1.61(3);166:165.930290(3):33.61(35);167:166.932045(3):22.93(17);168:167.932368(3):26.78(26);170:169.935460(3):14.93(27)", "167.259(3)")
Eu = 
Element.new("Eu", "Europium", 63, "151:150.919846(3):47.81(3);153:152.921226(3):52.19(3)", "151.964(1)")
F = 
Element.new("F", "Fluorine", 9, "19:18.99840320(7):100", "18.9984032(5)")
Fe = 
Element.new("Fe", "Iron", 26, "54:53.9396148(14):5.845(35);56:55.9349421(15):91.754(36);57:56.9353987(15):2.119(10);58:57.9332805(15):0.282(4)", "55.845(2)")
Ga = 
Element.new("Ga", "Gallium", 31, "69:68.925581(3):60.108(9);71:70.9247050(19):39.892(9)", "69.723(1)")
Gd = 
Element.new("Gd", "Gadolinium", 64, "152:151.919788(3):0.20(1);154:153.920862(3):2.18(3);155:154.922619(3):14.80(12);156:155.922120(3):20.47(9);157:156.923957(3):15.65(2);158:157.924101(3):24.84(7);160:159.927051(3):21.86(19)", "157.25(3)")
Ge = 
Element.new("Ge", "Germanium", 32, "70:69.9242504(19):20.84(87);72:71.9220762(16):27.54(34);73:72.9234594(16):7.73(5);74:73.9211782(16):36.28(73);76:75.9214027(16):7.61(38)", "72.64(1)")
H = 
Element.new("H", "Hydrogen", 1, "1:1.0078250321(4):99.9885(70);2:2.0141017780(4):0.0115(70)", "1.00794(7)")
He = 
Element.new("He", "Helium", 2, "3:3.0160293097(9):0.000137(3);4:4.0026032497(10):99.999863(3)", "4.002602(2)")
Hf = 
Element.new("Hf", "Hafnium", 72, "174:173.940040(3):0.16(1);176:175.9414018(29):5.26(7);177:176.9432200(27):18.60(9);178:177.9436977(27):27.28(7);179:178.9458151(27):13.62(2);180:179.9465488(27):35.08(16)", "178.49(2)")
Hg = 
Element.new("Hg", "Mercury", 80, "196:195.965815(4):0.15(1);198:197.966752(3):9.97(20);199:198.968262(3):16.87(22);200:199.968309(3):23.10(19);201:200.970285(3):13.18(9);202:201.970626(3):29.86(26);204:203.973476(3):6.87(15)", "200.59(2)")
Ho = 
Element.new("Ho", "Holmium", 67, "165:164.930319(3):100", "164.93032(2)")
I = 
Element.new("I", "Iodine", 53, "127:126.904468(4):100", "126.90447(3)")
In = 
Element.new("In", "Indium", 49, "113:112.904061(4):4.29(5);115:114.903878(5):95.71(5)", "114.818(3)")
Ir = 
Element.new("Ir", "Iridium", 77, "191:190.960591(3):37.3(2);193:192.962924(3):62.7(2)", "192.217(3)")
K = 
Element.new("K", "Potassium", 19, "39:38.9637069(3):93.2581(44);40:39.96399867(29):0.0117(1);41:40.96182597(28):6.7302(44)", "39.0983(1)")
Kr = 
Element.new("Kr", "Krypton", 36, "78:77.920386(7):0.35(1);80:79.916378(4):2.28(6);82:81.9134846(28):11.58(14);83:82.914136(3):11.49(6);84:83.911507(3):57.00(4);86:85.9106103(12):17.30(22)", "83.798(2)")
La = 
Element.new("La", "Lanthanum", 57, "138:137.907107(4):0.090(1);139:138.906348(3):99.910(1)", "138.9055(2)")
Li = 
Element.new("Li", "Lithium", 3, "6:6.0151223(5):7.59(4);7:7.0160040(5):92.41(4)", "6.941(2)")
Lu = 
Element.new("Lu", "Lutetium", 71, "175:174.9407679(28):97.41(2);176:175.9426824(28):2.59(2)", "174.967(1)")
Mg = 
Element.new("Mg", "Magnesium", 12, "24:23.98504190(20):78.99(4);25:24.98583702(20):10.00(1);26:25.98259304(21):11.01(3)", "24.3050(6)")
Mn = 
Element.new("Mn", "Manganese", 25, "55:54.9380496(14):100", "54.938049(9)")
Mo = 
Element.new("Mo", "Molybdenum", 42, "100:99.907477(6):9.63(23);92:91.906810(4):14.84(35);94:93.9050876(20):9.25(12);95:94.9058415(20):15.92(13);96:95.9046789(20):16.68(2);97:96.9060210(20):9.55(8);98:97.9054078(20):24.13(31)", "95.94(2)")
N = 
Element.new("N", "Nitrogen", 7, "14:14.0030740052(9):99.632(7);15:15.0001088984(9):0.368(7)", "14.0067(2)")
Na = 
Element.new("Na", "Sodium", 11, "23:22.98976967(23):100", "22.989770(2)")
Nb = 
Element.new("Nb", "Niobium", 41, "93:92.9063775(24):100", "92.90638(2)")
Nd = 
Element.new("Nd", "Neodymium", 60, "142:141.907719(3):27.2(5);143:142.909810(3):12.2(2);144:143.910083(3):23.8(3);145:144.912569(3):8.3(1);146:145.913112(3):17.2(3);148:147.916889(3):5.7(1);150:149.920887(4):5.6(2)", "144.24(3)")
Ne = 
Element.new("Ne", "Neon", 10, "20:19.9924401759(20):90.48(3);21:20.99384674(4):0.27(1);22:21.99138551(23):9.25(3)", "20.1797(6)")
Ni = 
Element.new("Ni", "Nickel", 28, "58:57.9353479(15):68.0769(89);60:59.9307906(15):26.2231(77);61:60.9310604(15):1.1399(6);62:61.9283488(15):3.6345(17);64:63.9279696(16):0.9256(9)", "58.6934(2)")
O = 
Element.new("O", "Oxygen", 8, "16:15.9949146221(15):99.757(16);17:16.99913150(22):0.038(1);18:17.9991604(9):0.205(14)", "15.9994(3)")
Os = 
Element.new("Os", "Osmium", 76, "184:183.952491(3):0.02(1);186:185.953838(3):1.59(3);187:186.9557479(30):1.96(2);188:187.9558360(30):13.24(8);189:188.9581449(30):16.15(5);190:189.958445(3):26.26(2);192:191.961479(4):40.78(19)", "190.23(3)")
P = 
Element.new("P", "Phosphorus", 15, "31:30.97376151(20):100", "30.973761(2)")
Pa = 
Element.new("Pa", "Protactinium", 91, "231:231.0358789(28):100", "231.03588(2)")
Pb = 
Element.new("Pb", "Lead", 82, "204:203.973029(3):1.4(1);206:205.974449(3):24.1(1);207:206.975881(3):22.1(1);208:207.976636(3):52.4(1)", "207.2(1)")
Pd = 
Element.new("Pd", "Palladium", 46, "102:101.905608(3):1.02(1);104:103.904035(5):11.14(8);105:104.905084(5):22.33(8);106:105.903483(5):27.33(3);108:107.903894(4):26.46(9);110:109.905152(12):11.72(9)", "106.42(1)")
Pr = 
Element.new("Pr", "Praseodymium", 59, "141:140.907648(3):100", "140.90765(2)")
Pt = 
Element.new("Pt", "Platinum", 78, "190:189.959930(7):0.014(1);192:191.961035(4):0.782(7);194:193.962664(3):32.967(99);195:194.964774(3):33.832(10);196:195.964935(3):25.242(41);198:197.967876(4):7.163(55)", "195.078(2)")
Rb = 
Element.new("Rb", "Rubidium", 37, "85:84.9117893(25):72.17(2);87:86.9091835(27):27.83(2)", "85.4678(3)")
Re = 
Element.new("Re", "Rhenium", 75, "185:184.9529557(30):37.40(2);187:186.9557508(30):62.60(2)", "186.207(1)")
Rh = 
Element.new("Rh", "Rhodium", 45, "103:102.905504(3):100", "102.90550(2)")
Ru = 
Element.new("Ru", "Ruthenium", 44, "100:99.9042197(22):12.60(7);101:100.9055822(22):17.06(2);102:101.9043495(22):31.55(14);104:103.905430(4):18.62(27);96:95.907598(8):5.54(14);98:97.905287(7):1.87(3);99:98.9059393(21):12.76(14)", "101.07(2)")
S = 
Element.new("S", "Sulfur", 16, "32:31.97207069(12):94.93(31);33:32.97145850(12):0.76(2);34:33.96786683(11):4.29(28);36:35.96708088(25):0.02(1)", "32.065(5)")
Sb = 
Element.new("Sb", "Antimony", 51, "121:120.9038180(24):57.21(5);123:122.9042157(22):42.79(5)", "121.760(1)")
Sc = 
Element.new("Sc", "Scandium", 21, "45:44.9559102(12):100", "44.955910(8)")
Se = 
Element.new("Se", "Selenium", 34, "74:73.9224766(16):0.89(4);76:75.9192141(16):9.37(29);77:76.9199146(16):7.63(16);78:77.9173095(16):23.77(28);80:79.9165218(20):49.61(41);82:81.9167000(22):8.73(22)", "78.96(3)")
Si = 
Element.new("Si", "Silicon", 14, "28:27.9769265327(20):92.2297(7);29:28.97649472(3):4.6832(5);30:29.97377022(5):3.0872(5)", "28.0855(3)")
Sm = 
Element.new("Sm", "Samarium", 62, "144:143.911995(4):3.07(7);147:146.914893(3):14.99(18);148:147.914818(3):11.24(10);149:148.917180(3):13.82(7);150:149.917271(3):7.38(1);152:151.919728(3):26.75(16);154:153.922205(3):22.75(29)", "150.36(3)")
Sn = 
Element.new("Sn", "Tin", 50, "112:111.904821(5):0.97(1);114:113.902782(3):0.66(1);115:114.903346(3):0.34(1);116:115.901744(3):14.54(9);117:116.902954(3):7.68(7);118:117.901606(3):24.22(9);119:118.903309(3):8.59(4);120:119.9021966(27):32.58(9);122:121.9034401(29):4.63(3);124:123.9052746(15):5.79(5)", "118.710(7)")
Sr = 
Element.new("Sr", "Strontium", 38, "84:83.913425(4):0.56(1);86:85.9092624(24):9.86(1);87:86.9088793(24):7.00(1);88:87.9056143(24):82.58(1)", "87.62(1)")
Ta = 
Element.new("Ta", "Tantalum", 73, "180:179.947466(3):0.012(2);181:180.947996(3):99.988(2)", "180.9479(1)")
Tb = 
Element.new("Tb", "Terbium", 65, "159:158.925343(3):100", "158.92534(2)")
Te = 
Element.new("Te", "Tellurium", 52, "120:119.904020(11):0.09(1);122:121.9030471(20):2.55(12);123:122.9042730(19):0.89(3);124:123.9028195(16):4.74(14);125:124.9044247(20):7.07(15);126:125.9033055(20):18.84(25);128:127.9044614(19):31.74(8);130:129.9062228(21):34.08(62)", "127.60(3)")
Th = 
Element.new("Th", "Thorium", 90, "232:232.0380504(22):100", "232.0381(1)")
Ti = 
Element.new("Ti", "Titanium", 22, "46:45.9526295(12):8.25(3);47:46.9517638(10):7.44(2);48:47.9479471(10):73.72(3);49:48.9478708(10):5.41(2);50:49.9447921(11):5.18(2)", "47.867(1)")
Tl = 
Element.new("Tl", "Thallium", 81, "203:202.972329(3):29.524(14);205:204.974412(3):70.476(14)", "204.3833(2)")
Tm = 
Element.new("Tm", "Thulium", 69, "169:168.934211(3):100", "168.93421(2)")
U = 
Element.new("U", "Uranium", 92, "234:234.0409456(21):0.0055(2);235:235.0439231(21):0.7200(51);238:238.0507826(21):99.2745(106)", "238.02891(3)")
V = 
Element.new("V", "Vanadium", 23, "50:49.9471628(14):0.250(4);51:50.9439637(14):99.750(4)", "50.9415(1)")
W = 
Element.new("W", "Tungsten", 74, "180:179.946706(5):0.12(1);182:181.948206(3):26.50(16);183:182.9502245(29):14.31(4);184:183.9509326(29):30.64(2);186:185.954362(3):28.43(19)", "183.84(1)")
Xe = 
Element.new("Xe", "Xenon", 54, "124:123.9058958(21):0.09(1);126:125.904269(7):0.09(1);128:127.9035304(15):1.92(3);129:128.9047795(9):26.44(24);130:129.9035079(10):4.08(2);131:130.9050819(10):21.18(3);132:131.9041545(12):26.89(6);134:133.9053945(9):10.44(10);136:135.907220(8):8.87(16)", "131.293(6)")
Y = 
Element.new("Y", "Yttrium", 39, "89:88.9058479(25):100", "88.90585(2)")
Yb = 
Element.new("Yb", "Ytterbium", 70, "168:167.933894(5):0.13(1);170:169.934759(3):3.04(15);171:170.936322(3):14.28(57);172:171.9363777(30):21.83(67);173:172.9382068(30):16.13(27);174:173.9388581(30):31.83(92);176:175.942568(3):12.76(41)", "173.04(3)")
Zn = 
Element.new("Zn", "Zinc", 30, "64:63.9291466(18):48.63(60);66:65.9260368(16):27.90(27);67:66.9271309(17):4.10(13);68:67.9248476(17):18.75(51);70:69.925325(4):0.62(3)", "65.409(4)")
Zr = 
Element.new("Zr", "Zirconium", 40, "90:89.9047037(23):51.45(40);91:90.9056450(23):11.22(5);92:91.9050401(23):17.15(8);94:93.9063158(25):17.38(28);96:95.908276(3):2.80(9)", "91.224(2)")

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Attributes included from Constants::Library

#library

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Constants::Library

#[], #collection, extended, included, #index, #reset_library

Constructor Details

#initialize(symbol, name, atomic_number, attributes, std_atomic_weight) ⇒ Element

Returns a new instance of Element.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 50

def initialize(symbol, name, atomic_number, attributes, std_atomic_weight)
  @symbol = symbol
  @name = name
  @atomic_number = atomic_number
  @isotopes = []
  @masses = []
  @abundances = []
  @index_max_abundance = 0
  @std_atomic_weight = Constant.parse(std_atomic_weight + 'Da')

  attributes.split(/;/).each_with_index do |attr_str, i|
    isotope, mass, abundance = attr_str.split(/:/)
    @isotopes << isotope.to_i
    @masses << Constant.parse(mass + 'Da')

    abundance = Constant.parse(abundance)
    @abundances << abundance

    if abundance.value > abundances[@index_max_abundance].value
      @index_max_abundance = i
    end
  end
end

Instance Attribute Details

#abundances ⇒ Object (readonly)

An array the isotopic abundances of element isotopes in mass order ([98.93, 1.07])



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 39

def abundances
  @abundances
end

#atomic_number ⇒ Object (readonly)

The atomic number of the element, ie the number of protons in the element (6)



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 27

def atomic_number
  @atomic_number
end

#index_max_abundance ⇒ Object (readonly)

The index of the most abundant isotope (0)



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 42

def index_max_abundance
  @index_max_abundance
end

#isotopes ⇒ Object (readonly)

An array the mass numbers of element isotopes in mass order ([12, 13])



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 31

def isotopes
  @isotopes
end

#masses ⇒ Object (readonly)

An array the masses of element isotopes in mass order ([12.0 Da, 13.0033548378 Da])



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 35

def masses
  @masses
end

#name ⇒ Object (readonly)

The name of the element (Carbon)



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 23

def name
  @name
end

#std_atomic_weight ⇒ Object (readonly)

The standard atomic weight of the element, ie the mean relative atomic mass of an element in the Earth’s crust and atmosphere as determined by IUPAC (12.0107 Da)



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 48

def std_atomic_weight
  @std_atomic_weight
end

#symbol ⇒ Object (readonly)

The symbol of the element ©



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 20

def symbol
  @symbol
end

Instance Method Details

#abundance(n = nil) ⇒ Object

Gets the abundance of the isotope with the given mass number.

By default, returns the abundance of the most abundant isotope.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 106

def abundance(n=nil)
  return abundances[index_max_abundance].value if n == nil

  i = index_isotope(n)
  i == nil ? nil : abundances[i].value
end

#abundance_uncertainty(n = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the uncertainty of the abundance of the isotope with the given mass number. By default, returns the abundance uncertainty of the most abundant isotope.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 116

def abundance_uncertainty(n=nil)
  return abundances[index_max_abundance].uncertainty if n == nil

  i = index_isotope(n)
  i == nil ? nil : abundances[i].uncertainty
end

#has_isotope?(n) ⇒ Boolean

True if the element contains an isotope of the given mass number.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 75

def has_isotope?(n)
  !index_isotope(n).nil?
end

#index_isotope(n) ⇒ Object

Index of the isotope in isotopes, masses, and abundance of the given mass number.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 81

def index_isotope(n)
  isotopes.index(n)
end

#mass(n = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the mass of the isotope with the given mass number.

By default, returns the mass of the most abundant isotope.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 87

def mass(n=nil)
  return masses[index_max_abundance].value if n == nil

  i = index_isotope(n)
  i == nil ? nil : masses[i].value
end

#mass_uncertainty(n = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the uncertainty of the mass of the isotope with the given mass number. By default, returns the mass uncertainty of the most abundant isotope.



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# File 'lib/constants/libraries/element.rb', line 97

def mass_uncertainty(n=nil)
  return masses[index_max_abundance].uncertainty if n == nil

  i = index_isotope(n)
  i == nil ? nil : masses[i].uncertainty
end