Class: Fog::Storage::Google::Real

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
GetObjectHttpUrl, GetObjectHttpsUrl, Utils
Defined in:
lib/fog/google/storage.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_bucket.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_bucket.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_object.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/copy_object.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_service.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/head_object.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/delete_bucket.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/delete_object.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_acl.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_url.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_bucket_acl.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_object_url.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_torrent.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_http_url.rb,
lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_https_url.rb

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from GetObjectHttpsUrl

#get_object_https_url

Methods included from GetObjectHttpUrl

#get_object_http_url

Methods included from Utils

#http_url, #https_url, #url

Constructor Details

#initialize(options = {}) ⇒ Real

Initialize connection to Google Storage

Notes

options parameter must include values for :google_storage_access_key_id and :google_storage_secret_access_key in order to create a connection

Examples

google_storage = Storage.new(
  :google_storage_access_key_id => your_google_storage_access_key_id,
  :google_storage_secret_access_key => your_google_storage_secret_access_key
)

Parameters

  • options<~Hash> - config arguments for connection. Defaults to {}.

Returns

  • Storage object with connection to google.



186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/storage.rb', line 186

def initialize(options={})
  require 'fog/core/parser'
  require 'mime/types'

  @google_storage_access_key_id = options[:google_storage_access_key_id]
  @google_storage_secret_access_key = options[:google_storage_secret_access_key]
  @connection_options = options[:connection_options] || {}
  @hmac = Fog::HMAC.new('sha1', @google_storage_secret_access_key)
  @host = options[:host] || 'storage.googleapis.com'
  @persistent = options.fetch(:persistent, true)
  @port       = options[:port]        || 443
  @scheme     = options[:scheme]      || 'https'
  @connection = Fog::Connection.new("#{@scheme}://#{@host}:#{@port}", @persistent, @connection_options)
end

Instance Method Details

#copy_object(source_bucket_name, source_object_name, target_bucket_name, target_object_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Copy an object from one Google Storage bucket to another

Parameters

  • source_bucket_name<~String> - Name of source bucket

  • source_object_name<~String> - Name of source object

  • target_bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket to create copy in

  • target_object_name<~String> - Name for new copy of object

  • options<~Hash>:

    • ‘x-goog-metadata-directive’<~String> - Specifies whether to copy metadata from source or replace with data in request. Must be in [‘COPY’, ‘REPLACE’]

    • ‘x-goog-copy_source-if-match’<~String> - Copies object if its etag matches this value

    • ‘x-goog-copy_source-if-modified_since’<~Time> - Copies object it it has been modified since this time

    • ‘x-goog-copy_source-if-none-match’<~String> - Copies object if its etag does not match this value

    • ‘x-goog-copy_source-if-unmodified-since’<~Time> - Copies object it it has not been modified since this time

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~Hash>:

      • ‘ETag’<~String> - etag of new object

      • ‘LastModified’<~Time> - date object was last modified



28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/copy_object.rb', line 28

def copy_object(source_bucket_name, source_object_name, target_bucket_name, target_object_name, options = {})
  headers = { 'x-goog-copy-source' => "/#{source_bucket_name}/#{source_object_name}" }.merge!(options)
  request({
    :expects  => 200,
    :headers  => headers,
    :host     => "#{target_bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :method   => 'PUT',
    :parser   => Fog::Parsers::Storage::Google::CopyObject.new,
    :path     => CGI.escape(target_object_name)
  })
end

#delete_bucket(bucket_name) ⇒ Object

Delete an Google Storage bucket

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket to delete

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • status<~Integer> - 204



14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/delete_bucket.rb', line 14

def delete_bucket(bucket_name)
  request({
    :expects  => 204,
    :headers  => {},
    :host     => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :method   => 'DELETE'
  })
end

#delete_object(bucket_name, object_name) ⇒ Object

Delete an object from Google Storage

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket containing object to delete

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to delete

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • status<~Integer> - 204



15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/delete_object.rb', line 15

def delete_object(bucket_name, object_name)
  request({
    :expects    => 204,
    :headers    => {},
    :host       => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent => true,
    :method     => 'DELETE',
    :path       => CGI.escape(object_name)
  })
end

#get_bucket(bucket_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

List information about objects in an Google Storage bucket

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket to list object keys from

  • options<~Hash> - config arguments for list. Defaults to {}.

    • ‘delimiter’<~String> - causes keys with the same string between the prefix value and the first occurence of delimiter to be rolled up

    • ‘marker’<~String> - limits object keys to only those that appear lexicographically after its value.

    • ‘max-keys’<~Integer> - limits number of object keys returned

    • ‘prefix’<~String> - limits object keys to those beginning with its value.

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~Hash>:

      • ‘Delimeter’<~String> - Delimiter specified for query

      • ‘IsTruncated’<~Boolean> - Whether or not the listing is truncated

      • ‘Marker’<~String> - Marker specified for query

      • ‘MaxKeys’<~Integer> - Maximum number of keys specified for query

      • ‘Name’<~String> - Name of the bucket

      • ‘Prefix’<~String> - Prefix specified for query

      • ‘CommonPrefixes’<~Array> - Array of strings for common prefixes

      • ‘Contents’<~Array>:

        • ‘ETag’<~String>: Etag of object

        • ‘Key’<~String>: Name of object

        • ‘LastModified’<~String>: Timestamp of last modification of object

        • ‘Owner’<~Hash>:

          • ‘DisplayName’<~String> - Display name of object owner

          • ‘ID’<~String> - Id of object owner

        • ‘Size’<~Integer> - Size of object



40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_bucket.rb', line 40

def get_bucket(bucket_name, options = {})
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  request({
    :expects  => 200,
    :headers  => {},
    :host     => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent => true,
    :method   => 'GET',
    :parser   => Fog::Parsers::Storage::Google::GetBucket.new,
    :query    => options
  })
end

#get_object(bucket_name, object_name, options = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Get an object from Google Storage

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket to read from

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to read

  • options<~Hash>:

    • ‘If-Match’<~String> - Returns object only if its etag matches this value, otherwise returns 412 (Precondition Failed).

    • ‘If-Modified-Since’<~Time> - Returns object only if it has been modified since this time, otherwise returns 304 (Not Modified).

    • ‘If-None-Match’<~String> - Returns object only if its etag differs from this value, otherwise returns 304 (Not Modified)

    • ‘If-Unmodified-Since’<~Time> - Returns object only if it has not been modified since this time, otherwise returns 412 (Precodition Failed).

    • ‘Range’<~String> - Range of object to download

    • ‘versionId’<~String> - specify a particular version to retrieve

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~String> - Contents of object

    • headers<~Hash>:

      • ‘Content-Length’<~String> - Size of object contents

      • ‘Content-Type’<~String> - MIME type of object

      • ‘ETag’<~String> - Etag of object

      • ‘Last-Modified’<~String> - Last modified timestamp for object



28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object.rb', line 28

def get_object(bucket_name, object_name, options = {}, &block)
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  unless object_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('object_name is required')
  end

  params = { :headers => {} }
  if version_id = options.delete('versionId')
    params[:query] = {'versionId' => version_id}
  end
  params[:headers].merge!(options)
  if options['If-Modified-Since']
    params[:headers]['If-Modified-Since'] = Fog::Time.at(options['If-Modified-Since'].to_i).to_date_header
  end
  if options['If-Modified-Since']
    params[:headers]['If-Unmodified-Since'] = Fog::Time.at(options['If-Unmodified-Since'].to_i).to_date_header
  end

  if block_given?
    params[:response_block] = Proc.new
  end

  request(params.merge!({
    :expects        => 200,
    :host           => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent     => true,
    :method         => 'GET',
    :path           => CGI.escape(object_name),
  }))
end

#get_object_acl(bucket_name, object_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Get access control list for an Google Storage object

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket containing object

  • object_name<~String> - name of object to get access control list for

  • options<~Hash>:

    • ‘versionId’<~String> - specify a particular version to retrieve

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~Hash>:

      • ‘AccessControlPolicy’<~Hash>

        • ‘Owner’<~Hash>:

          • ‘DisplayName’<~String> - Display name of object owner

          • ‘ID’<~String> - Id of object owner

        • ‘AccessControlList’<~Array>:

          • ‘Grant’<~Hash>:

            • ‘Grantee’<~Hash>:

              * 'DisplayName'<~String> - Display name of grantee
* 'ID'<~String> - Id of grantee

              or

              * 'URI'<~String> - URI of group to grant access for

            • ‘Permission’<~String> - Permission, in [FULL_CONTROL, WRITE, WRITE_ACP, READ, READ_ACP]



32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_acl.rb', line 32

def get_object_acl(bucket_name, object_name, options = {})
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  unless object_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('object_name is required')
  end
  query = {'acl' => nil}
  if version_id = options.delete('versionId')
    query['versionId'] = version_id
  end
  request({
    :expects    => 200,
    :headers    => {},
    :host       => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent => true,
    :method     => 'GET',
    :parser     => Fog::Parsers::Storage::Google::AccessControlList.new,
    :path       => CGI.escape(object_name),
    :query      => query
  })
end

#get_object_torrent(bucket_name, object_name) ⇒ Object

Get torrent for an Google Storage object

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket containing object

  • object_name<~String> - name of object to get torrent for

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~Hash>:

      • ‘AccessControlPolicy’<~Hash>

        • ‘Owner’<~Hash>:

          • ‘DisplayName’<~String> - Display name of object owner

          • ‘ID’<~String> - Id of object owner

        • ‘AccessControlList’<~Array>:

          • ‘Grant’<~Hash>:

            • ‘Grantee’<~Hash>:

              • ‘DisplayName’<~String> - Display name of grantee

              • ‘ID’<~String> - Id of grantee

            • ‘Permission’<~String> - Permission, in [FULL_CONTROL, WRITE, WRITE_ACP, READ, READ_ACP]



26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_torrent.rb', line 26

def get_object_torrent(bucket_name, object_name)
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  unless object_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('object_name is required')
  end
  request({
    :expects    => 200,
    :headers    => {},
    :host       => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent => true,
    :method     => 'GET',
    :path       => CGI.escape(object_name),
    :query      => {'torrent' => nil}
  })
end

#get_object_url(bucket_name, object_name, expires) ⇒ Object

Get an expiring object url from Google Storage

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket containing object

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to get expiring url for

  • expires<~Time> - An expiry time for this url

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~String> - url for object

See Also

docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/S3_QSAuth.html



20
21
22
23
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_object_url.rb', line 20

def get_object_url(bucket_name, object_name, expires)
  Fog::Logger.deprecation("Fog::Storage::Google => ##{get_object_url} is deprecated, use ##{get_object_https_url} instead[/] [light_black](#{caller.first})")
  get_object_https_url(bucket_name, object_name, expires)
end

#get_service ⇒ Object

List information about Google Storage buckets for authorized user

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~Hash>:

      • ‘Buckets’<~Hash>:

        • ‘Name’<~String> - Name of bucket

        • ‘CreationTime’<~Time> - Timestamp of bucket creation

      • ‘Owner’<~Hash>:

        • ‘DisplayName’<~String> - Display name of bucket owner

        • ‘ID’<~String> - Id of bucket owner



19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/get_service.rb', line 19

def get_service
  request({
    :expects  => 200,
    :headers  => {},
    :host     => @host,
    :idempotent => true,
    :method   => 'GET',
    :parser   => Fog::Parsers::Storage::Google::GetService.new,
    :url      => @host
  })
end

#head_object(bucket_name, object_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Get headers for an object from Google Storage

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket to read from

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to read

  • options<~Hash>:

    • ‘If-Match’<~String> - Returns object only if its etag matches this value, otherwise returns 412 (Precondition Failed).

    • ‘If-Modified-Since’<~Time> - Returns object only if it has been modified since this time, otherwise returns 304 (Not Modified).

    • ‘If-None-Match’<~String> - Returns object only if its etag differs from this value, otherwise returns 304 (Not Modified)

    • ‘If-Unmodified-Since’<~Time> - Returns object only if it has not been modified since this time, otherwise returns 412 (Precodition Failed).

    • ‘Range’<~String> - Range of object to download

    • ‘versionId’<~String> - specify a particular version to retrieve

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~String> - Contents of object

    • headers<~Hash>:

      • ‘Content-Length’<~String> - Size of object contents

      • ‘Content-Type’<~String> - MIME type of object

      • ‘ETag’<~String> - Etag of object

      • ‘Last-Modified’<~String> - Last modified timestamp for object



27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/head_object.rb', line 27

def head_object(bucket_name, object_name, options={})
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  unless object_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('object_name is required')
  end
  if version_id = options.delete('versionId')
    query = {'versionId' => version_id}
  end
  headers = {}
  headers['If-Modified-Since'] = Fog::Time.at(options['If-Modified-Since'].to_i).to_date_header if options['If-Modified-Since']
  headers['If-Unmodified-Since'] = Fog::Time.at(options['If-Unmodified-Since'].to_i).to_date_header if options['If-Modified-Since']
  headers.merge!(options)
  request({
    :expects  => 200,
    :headers  => headers,
    :host     => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :method   => 'HEAD',
    :path     => CGI.escape(object_name),
    :query    => query
  })
end

#put_bucket(bucket_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Create an Google Storage bucket

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket to create

  • options<~Hash> - config arguments for bucket. Defaults to {}.

    • ‘LocationConstraint’<~Symbol> - sets the location for the bucket

    • ‘x-amz-acl’<~String> - Permissions, must be in [‘private’, ‘public-read’, ‘public-read-write’, ‘authenticated-read’]

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • status<~Integer> - 200



17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_bucket.rb', line 17

def put_bucket(bucket_name, options = {})
  if location_constraint = options.delete('LocationConstraint')
    data =
<<-DATA
  <CreateBucketConfiguration>
    <LocationConstraint>#{location_constraint}</LocationConstraint>
  </CreateBucketConfiguration>
DATA
  else
    data = nil
  end
  request({
    :expects    => 200,
    :body       => data,
    :headers    => options,
    :idempotent => true,
    :host       => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :method     => 'PUT'
  })
end

#put_bucket_acl(bucket_name, acl) ⇒ Object

Change access control list for an Google Storage bucket

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - name of bucket to modify

  • acl<~Hash>:

    • Owner<~Hash>:

      • ID<~String>: id of owner

      • DisplayName<~String>: display name of owner

    • AccessControlList<~Array>:

      • scope<~Hash>:

        * 'type'<~String> - 'UserById'
* 'ID'<~String> - Id of grantee

        or

        * 'type'<~String> - 'UserByEmail'
* 'EmailAddress'<~String> - Email address of grantee

        or

        * 'type'<~String> - type of user to grant permission to

      • Permission<~String> - Permission, in [FULL_CONTROL, WRITE, WRITE_ACP, READ, READ_ACP]



24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_bucket_acl.rb', line 24

def put_bucket_acl(bucket_name, acl)
  data =
<<-DATA
<AccessControlPolicy>
  <Owner>
    <ID>#{acl['Owner']['ID']}</ID>
    <DisplayName>#{acl['Owner']['DisplayName']}</DisplayName>
  </Owner>
  <AccessControlList>
DATA

  acl['AccessControlList'].each do |grant|
    data << "    <Grant>"
    type = case grant['Grantee'].keys.sort
    when ['DisplayName', 'ID']
      'CanonicalUser'
    when ['EmailAddress']
      'AmazonCustomerByEmail'
    when ['URI']
      'Group'
    end
    data << "      <Grantee xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:type=\"#{type}\">"
    for key, value in grant['Grantee']
      data << "        <#{key}>#{value}</#{key}>"
    end
    data << "      </Grantee>"
    data << "      <Permission>#{grant['Permission']}</Permission>"
    data << "    </Grant>"
  end

  data <<
<<-DATA
  </AccessControlList>
</AccessControlPolicy>
DATA

  request({
    :body     => data,
    :expects  => 200,
    :headers  => {},
    :host     => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :method   => 'PUT',
    :query    => {'acl' => nil}
  })
end

#put_object(bucket_name, object_name, data, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Create an object in an Google Storage bucket

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket to create object in

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to create

  • data<~File> - File or String to create object from

  • options<~Hash>:

    • ‘Cache-Control’<~String> - Caching behaviour

    • ‘Content-Disposition’<~String> - Presentational information for the object

    • ‘Content-Encoding’<~String> - Encoding of object data

    • ‘Content-Length’<~String> - Size of object in bytes (defaults to object.read.length)

    • ‘Content-MD5’<~String> - Base64 encoded 128-bit MD5 digest of message (defaults to Base64 encoded MD5 of object.read)

    • ‘Content-Type’<~String> - Standard MIME type describing contents (defaults to MIME::Types.of.first)

    • ‘x-goog-acl’<~String> - Permissions, must be in [‘private’, ‘public-read’, ‘public-read-write’, ‘authenticated-read’]

    • “x-goog-meta-#name” - Headers to be returned with object, note total size of request without body must be less than 8 KB.

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • headers<~Hash>:

      • ‘ETag’<~String> - etag of new object



26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_object.rb', line 26

def put_object(bucket_name, object_name, data, options = {})
  data = Fog::Storage.parse_data(data)
  headers = data[:headers].merge!(options)
  request({
    :body       => data[:body],
    :expects    => 200,
    :headers    => headers,
    :host       => "#{bucket_name}.#{@host}",
    :idempotent => true,
    :method     => 'PUT',
    :path       => CGI.escape(object_name)
  })
end

#put_object_url(bucket_name, object_name, expires, headers = {}) ⇒ Object

Get an expiring object url from Google Storage for putting an object

Parameters

  • bucket_name<~String> - Name of bucket containing object

  • object_name<~String> - Name of object to get expiring url for

  • expires<~Time> - An expiry time for this url

Returns

  • response<~Excon::Response>:

    • body<~String> - url for object



17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/requests/storage/put_object_url.rb', line 17

def put_object_url(bucket_name, object_name, expires, headers = {})
  unless bucket_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('bucket_name is required')
  end
  unless object_name
    raise ArgumentError.new('object_name is required')
  end
  https_url({
    :headers  => headers,
    :host     => @host,
    :method   => 'PUT',
    :path     => "#{bucket_name}/#{object_name}"
  }, expires)
end

#reload ⇒ Object 



201
202
203
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/storage.rb', line 201

def reload
  @connection.reset
end

#signature(params) ⇒ Object 



205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
 
# File 'lib/fog/google/storage.rb', line 205

def signature(params)
  string_to_sign =
<<-DATA
#{params[:method]}
#{params[:headers]['Content-MD5']}
#{params[:headers]['Content-Type']}
#{params[:headers]['Date']}
DATA

  google_headers, canonical_google_headers = {}, ''
  for key, value in params[:headers]
    if key[0..6] == 'x-goog-'
      google_headers[key] = value
    end
  end

  google_headers = google_headers.sort {|x, y| x[0] <=> y[0]}
  for key, value in google_headers
    canonical_google_headers << "#{key}:#{value}\n"
  end
  string_to_sign << "#{canonical_google_headers}"

  subdomain = params[:host].split(".#{@host}").first
  unless subdomain =~ /^(?!goog)(?:[a-z]|\d(?!\d{0,2}(?:\.\d{1,3}){3}$))(?:[a-z0-9]|\.(?![\.\-])|\-(?![\.])){1,61}[a-z0-9]$/
    if subdomain =~ /_/
      # https://github.com/fog/fog/pull/1258#issuecomment-10248620.
      Fog::Logger.warning("fog: the specified google storage bucket name (#{subdomain}) is not DNS compliant (only characters a through z, digits 0 through 9, and the hyphen).")
    else
      # - Bucket names must contain only lowercase letters, numbers, dashes (-), underscores (_), and dots (.). Names containing dots require verification.
      # - Bucket names must start and end with a number or letter.
      # - Bucket names must contain 3 to 63 characters. Names containing dots can contain up to 222 characters, but each dot-separated component can be no longer than 63 characters.
      # - Bucket names cannot be represented as an IP address in dotted-decimal notation (for example, 192.168.5.4).
      # - Bucket names cannot begin with the "goog" prefix.
      # - Also, for DNS compliance, you should not have a period adjacent to another period or dash. For example, ".." or "-." or ".-" are not acceptable.
      Fog::Logger.warning("fog: the specified google storage bucket name (#{subdomain}) is not a valid dns name.  See: https://developers.google.com/storage/docs/bucketnaming")
    end
    params[:host] = params[:host].split("#{subdomain}.")[-1]
    if params[:path]
      params[:path] = "#{subdomain}/#{params[:path]}"
    else
      params[:path] = "#{subdomain}"
    end
    subdomain = nil
  end

  canonical_resource  = "/"
  unless subdomain.nil? || subdomain == @host
    canonical_resource << "#{CGI.escape(subdomain).downcase}/"
  end
  canonical_resource << "#{params[:path]}"
  canonical_resource << '?'
  for key in (params[:query] || {}).keys
    if ['acl', 'cors', 'location', 'logging', 'requestPayment', 'torrent', 'versions', 'versioning'].include?(key)
      canonical_resource << "#{key}&"
    end
  end
  canonical_resource.chop!
  string_to_sign << "#{canonical_resource}"

  signed_string = @hmac.sign(string_to_sign)
  Base64.encode64(signed_string).chomp!
end