Module: Geocoder::Calculations
Constant Summary collapse
- COMPASS_POINTS =
Compass point names, listed clockwise starting at North.
If you want bearings named using more, fewer, or different points override Geocoder::Calculations.COMPASS_POINTS with your own array.
%w[N NE E SE S SW W NW]
- EARTH_RADIUS =
Radius of the Earth, in kilometers. Value taken from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius
6371.0
- KM_IN_MI =
Conversion factor: multiply by kilometers to get miles.
0.621371192
- KM_IN_NM =
Conversion factor: multiply by nautical miles to get miles.
0.539957
- DEGREES_PER_RADIAN =
Conversion factor: multiply by radians to get degrees.
57.2957795
- NAN =
Not a number constant
defined?(::Float::NAN) ? ::Float::NAN : 0 / 0.0
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#bearing_between(point1, point2, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Bearing between two points on Earth.
-
#bounding_box(point, radius, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Returns coordinates of the southwest and northeast corners of a box with the given point at its center.
-
#compass_point(bearing, points = COMPASS_POINTS) ⇒ Object
Translate a bearing (float) into a compass direction (string, eg “North”).
-
#coordinates_present?(*args) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if all given arguments are valid latitude/longitude values.
-
#distance_between(point1, point2, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Distance between two points on Earth (Haversine formula).
- #distance_to_radians(distance, units = nil) ⇒ Object
-
#earth_radius(units = nil) ⇒ Object
Radius of the Earth in the given units (:mi or :km).
-
#endpoint(start, heading, distance, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Given a start point, distance, and heading (in degrees), provides an endpoint.
-
#extract_coordinates(point) ⇒ Object
Takes an object which is a [lat,lon] array, a geocodable string, or an object that implements
to_coordinates
and returns a [lat,lon] array. -
#geographic_center(points) ⇒ Object
Compute the geographic center (aka geographic midpoint, center of gravity) for an array of geocoded objects and/or [lat,lon] arrays (can be mixed).
-
#km_in_mi ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: km to mi.
-
#km_in_nm ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: km to nm.
-
#latitude_degree_distance(units = nil) ⇒ Object
Distance spanned by one degree of latitude in the given units.
-
#longitude_degree_distance(latitude, units = nil) ⇒ Object
Distance spanned by one degree of longitude at the given latitude.
-
#mi_in_km ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: mi to km.
-
#nm_in_km ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: nm to km.
- #radians_to_distance(radians, units = nil) ⇒ Object
-
#random_point_near(center, radius, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Random point within a circle of provided radius centered around the provided point Takes one point, one radius, and an options hash.
-
#to_degrees(*args) ⇒ Object
Convert radians to degrees.
-
#to_kilometers(mi) ⇒ Object
Convert miles to kilometers.
-
#to_miles(km) ⇒ Object
Convert kilometers to miles.
-
#to_nautical_miles(km) ⇒ Object
Convert kilometers to nautical miles.
-
#to_radians(*args) ⇒ Object
Convert degrees to radians.
Instance Method Details
#bearing_between(point1, point2, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Bearing between two points on Earth. Returns a number of degrees from due north (clockwise).
See Geocoder::Calculations.distance_between for ways of specifying the points. Also accepts an options hash:
-
:method
-:linear
or:spherical
; the spherical method is “correct” in that it returns the shortest path (one along a great circle) but the linear method is less confusing (returns due east or west when given two points with the same latitude). Use Geocoder.configure(:distances => …) to configure calculation method.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 120 def bearing_between(point1, point2, = {}) # set default options [:method] ||= Geocoder.config.distances [:method] = :linear unless [:method] == :spherical # convert to coordinate arrays point1 = extract_coordinates(point1) point2 = extract_coordinates(point2) # convert degrees to radians point1 = to_radians(point1) point2 = to_radians(point2) # compute deltas dlat = point2[0] - point1[0] dlon = point2[1] - point1[1] case [:method] when :linear y = dlon x = dlat when :spherical y = Math.sin(dlon) * Math.cos(point2[0]) x = Math.cos(point1[0]) * Math.sin(point2[0]) - Math.sin(point1[0]) * Math.cos(point2[0]) * Math.cos(dlon) end bearing = Math.atan2(x,y) # Answer is in radians counterclockwise from due east. # Convert to degrees clockwise from due north: (90 - to_degrees(bearing) + 360) % 360 end |
#bounding_box(point, radius, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Returns coordinates of the southwest and northeast corners of a box with the given point at its center. The radius is the shortest distance from the center point to any side of the box (the length of each side is twice the radius).
This is useful for finding corner points of a map viewport, or for roughly limiting the possible solutions in a geo-spatial search (ActiveRecord queries use it thusly).
See Geocoder::Calculations.distance_between for ways of specifying the point. Also accepts an options hash:
-
:units
-:mi
or:km
. Use Geocoder.configure(:units => …) to configure default units.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 212 def bounding_box(point, radius, = {}) lat,lon = extract_coordinates(point) radius = radius.to_f units = [:units] || Geocoder.config.units [ lat - (radius / latitude_degree_distance(units)), lon - (radius / longitude_degree_distance(lat, units)), lat + (radius / latitude_degree_distance(units)), lon + (radius / longitude_degree_distance(lat, units)) ] end |
#compass_point(bearing, points = COMPASS_POINTS) ⇒ Object
Translate a bearing (float) into a compass direction (string, eg “North”).
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 158 def compass_point(bearing, points = COMPASS_POINTS) seg_size = 360 / points.size points[((bearing + (seg_size / 2)) % 360) / seg_size] end |
#coordinates_present?(*args) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if all given arguments are valid latitude/longitude values.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 40 def coordinates_present?(*args) args.each do |a| # note that Float::NAN != Float::NAN # still, this could probably be improved: return false if (!a.is_a?(Numeric) or a.to_s == "NaN") end true end |
#distance_between(point1, point2, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Distance between two points on Earth (Haversine formula). Takes two points and an options hash. The points are given in the same way that points are given to all Geocoder methods that accept points as arguments. They can be:
-
an array of coordinates ([lat,lon])
-
a geocodable address (string)
-
a geocoded object (one which implements a
to_coordinates
method which returns a [lat,lon] array
The options hash supports:
-
:units
-:mi
or:km
Use Geocoder.configure(:units => …) to configure default units.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 82 def distance_between(point1, point2, = {}) # set default options [:units] ||= Geocoder.config.units # convert to coordinate arrays point1 = extract_coordinates(point1) point2 = extract_coordinates(point2) # convert degrees to radians point1 = to_radians(point1) point2 = to_radians(point2) # compute deltas dlat = point2[0] - point1[0] dlon = point2[1] - point1[1] a = (Math.sin(dlat / 2))**2 + Math.cos(point1[0]) * (Math.sin(dlon / 2))**2 * Math.cos(point2[0]) c = 2 * Math.atan2( Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1-a)) c * earth_radius([:units]) end |
#distance_to_radians(distance, units = nil) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 324 def distance_to_radians(distance, units = nil) units ||= Geocoder.config.units distance.to_f / earth_radius(units) end |
#earth_radius(units = nil) ⇒ Object
Radius of the Earth in the given units (:mi or :km). Use Geocoder.configure(:units => …) to configure default units.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 359 def earth_radius(units = nil) units ||= Geocoder.config.units case units when :km; EARTH_RADIUS when :mi; to_miles(EARTH_RADIUS) when :nm; to_nautical_miles(EARTH_RADIUS) end end |
#endpoint(start, heading, distance, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Given a start point, distance, and heading (in degrees), provides an endpoint. The starting point is given in the same way that points are given to all Geocoder methods that accept points as arguments. It can be:
-
an array of coordinates ([lat,lon])
-
a geocodable address (string)
-
a geocoded object (one which implements a
to_coordinates
method which returns a [lat,lon] array
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 273 def endpoint(start, heading, distance, = {}) [:units] ||= Geocoder.config.units radius = earth_radius([:units]) start = extract_coordinates(start) # convert degrees to radians start = to_radians(start) lat = start[0] lon = start[1] heading = to_radians(heading) distance = distance.to_f end_lat = Math.asin(Math.sin(lat)*Math.cos(distance/radius) + Math.cos(lat)*Math.sin(distance/radius)*Math.cos(heading)) end_lon = lon+Math.atan2(Math.sin(heading)*Math.sin(distance/radius)*Math.cos(lat), Math.cos(distance/radius)-Math.sin(lat)*Math.sin(end_lat)) to_degrees [end_lat, end_lon] end |
#extract_coordinates(point) ⇒ Object
Takes an object which is a [lat,lon] array, a geocodable string, or an object that implements to_coordinates
and returns a
- lat,lon
-
array. Note that if a string is passed this may be a slow-
running method and may return nil.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 404 def extract_coordinates(point) case point when Array if point.size == 2 lat, lon = point if !lat.nil? && lat.respond_to?(:to_f) and !lon.nil? && lon.respond_to?(:to_f) then return [ lat.to_f, lon.to_f ] end end when String point = Geocoder.coordinates(point) and return point else if point.respond_to?(:to_coordinates) if Array === array = point.to_coordinates return extract_coordinates(array) end end end [ NAN, NAN ] end |
#geographic_center(points) ⇒ Object
Compute the geographic center (aka geographic midpoint, center of gravity) for an array of geocoded objects and/or [lat,lon] arrays (can be mixed). Any objects missing coordinates are ignored. Follows the procedure documented at www.geomidpoint.com/calculation.html.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 169 def geographic_center(points) # convert objects to [lat,lon] arrays and convert degrees to radians coords = points.map{ |p| to_radians(extract_coordinates(p)) } # convert to Cartesian coordinates x = []; y = []; z = [] coords.each do |p| x << Math.cos(p[0]) * Math.cos(p[1]) y << Math.cos(p[0]) * Math.sin(p[1]) z << Math.sin(p[0]) end # compute average coordinate values xa, ya, za = [x,y,z].map do |c| c.inject(0){ |tot,i| tot += i } / c.size.to_f end # convert back to latitude/longitude lon = Math.atan2(ya, xa) hyp = Math.sqrt(xa**2 + ya**2) lat = Math.atan2(za, hyp) # return answer in degrees to_degrees [lat, lon] end |
#km_in_mi ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: km to mi.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 371 def km_in_mi KM_IN_MI end |
#km_in_nm ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: km to nm.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 378 def km_in_nm KM_IN_NM end |
#latitude_degree_distance(units = nil) ⇒ Object
Distance spanned by one degree of latitude in the given units.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 52 def latitude_degree_distance(units = nil) units ||= Geocoder.config.units 2 * Math::PI * earth_radius(units) / 360 end |
#longitude_degree_distance(latitude, units = nil) ⇒ Object
Distance spanned by one degree of longitude at the given latitude. This ranges from around 69 miles at the equator to zero at the poles.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 61 def longitude_degree_distance(latitude, units = nil) units ||= Geocoder.config.units latitude_degree_distance(units) * Math.cos(to_radians(latitude)) end |
#mi_in_km ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: mi to km.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 387 def mi_in_km 1.0 / KM_IN_MI end |
#nm_in_km ⇒ Object
Conversion factor: nm to km.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 394 def nm_in_km 1.0 / KM_IN_NM end |
#radians_to_distance(radians, units = nil) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 329 def radians_to_distance(radians, units = nil) units ||= Geocoder.config.units radians * earth_radius(units) end |
#random_point_near(center, radius, options = {}) ⇒ Object
Random point within a circle of provided radius centered around the provided point Takes one point, one radius, and an options hash. The points are given in the same way that points are given to all Geocoder methods that accept points as arguments. They can be:
-
an array of coordinates ([lat,lon])
-
a geocodable address (string)
-
a geocoded object (one which implements a
to_coordinates
method which returns a [lat,lon] array
The options hash supports:
-
:units
-:mi
or:km
Use Geocoder.configure(:units => …) to configure default units.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 240 def random_point_near(center, radius, = {}) # set default options [:units] ||= Geocoder.config.units # convert to coordinate arrays center = extract_coordinates(center) earth_circumference = 2 * Math::PI * earth_radius([:units]) max_degree_delta = 360.0 * (radius / earth_circumference) # random bearing in radians theta = 2 * Math::PI * rand # random radius, use the square root to ensure a uniform # distribution of points over the circle r = Math.sqrt(rand) * max_degree_delta delta_lat, delta_long = [r * Math.cos(theta), r * Math.sin(theta)] [center[0] + delta_lat, center[1] + delta_long] end |
#to_degrees(*args) ⇒ Object
Convert radians to degrees. If an array (or multiple arguments) is passed, converts each value and returns array.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 315 def to_degrees(*args) args = args.first if args.first.is_a?(Array) if args.size == 1 (args.first * 180.0) / Math::PI else args.map{ |i| to_degrees(i) } end end |
#to_kilometers(mi) ⇒ Object
Convert miles to kilometers.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 337 def to_kilometers(mi) mi * mi_in_km end |
#to_miles(km) ⇒ Object
Convert kilometers to miles.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 344 def to_miles(km) km * km_in_mi end |
#to_nautical_miles(km) ⇒ Object
Convert kilometers to nautical miles.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 351 def to_nautical_miles(km) km * km_in_nm end |
#to_radians(*args) ⇒ Object
Convert degrees to radians. If an array (or multiple arguments) is passed, converts each value and returns array.
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# File 'lib/geocoder/calculations.rb', line 301 def to_radians(*args) args = args.first if args.first.is_a?(Array) if args.size == 1 args.first * (Math::PI / 180) else args.map{ |i| to_radians(i) } end end |