Class: HexaPDF::Type::Page

Inherits:
Dictionary show all
Defined in:
lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb

Overview

Represents a page of a PDF document.

A page object contains the meta information for a page. Most of the fields are independent from the page’s content like the /Dur field. However, some of them (like /Resources or /UserUnit) influence how or if the page’s content can be rendered correctly.

A number of field values can also be inherited: /Resources, /MediaBox, /CropBox, /Rotate. Field inheritance means that if a field is not set on the page object itself, the value is taken from the nearest page tree ancestor that has this value set.

See: PDF2.0 s7.7.3.3, s7.7.3.4, Pages

Constant Summary collapse

PAPER_SIZE =

The predefined paper sizes in points (1/72 inch):

  • ISO sizes: A0x4, A0x2, A0-A10, B0-B10, C0-C10

  • Letter, Legal, Ledger, Tabloid, Executive

{
  A0x4: [0, 0, 4767.874016, 6740.787402].freeze,
  A0x2: [0, 0, 3370.393701, 4767.874016].freeze,
  A0: [0, 0, 2383.937008, 3370.393701].freeze,
  A1: [0, 0, 1683.779528, 2383.937008].freeze,
  A2: [0, 0, 1190.551181, 1683.779528].freeze,
  A3: [0, 0, 841.889764, 1190.551181].freeze,
  A4: [0, 0, 595.275591, 841.889764].freeze,
  A5: [0, 0, 419.527559, 595.275591].freeze,
  A6: [0, 0, 297.637795, 419.527559].freeze,
  A7: [0, 0, 209.76378, 297.637795].freeze,
  A8: [0, 0, 147.401575, 209.76378].freeze,
  A9: [0, 0, 104.88189, 147.401575].freeze,
  A10: [0, 0, 73.700787, 104.88189].freeze,
  B0: [0, 0, 2834.645669, 4008.188976].freeze,
  B1: [0, 0, 2004.094488, 2834.645669].freeze,
  B2: [0, 0, 1417.322835, 2004.094488].freeze,
  B3: [0, 0, 1000.629921, 1417.322835].freeze,
  B4: [0, 0, 708.661417, 1000.629921].freeze,
  B5: [0, 0, 498.897638, 708.661417].freeze,
  B6: [0, 0, 354.330709, 498.897638].freeze,
  B7: [0, 0, 249.448819, 354.330709].freeze,
  B8: [0, 0, 175.748031, 249.448819].freeze,
  B9: [0, 0, 124.724409, 175.748031].freeze,
  B10: [0, 0, 87.874016, 124.724409].freeze,
  C0: [0, 0, 2599.370079, 3676.535433].freeze,
  C1: [0, 0, 1836.850394, 2599.370079].freeze,
  C2: [0, 0, 1298.267717, 1836.850394].freeze,
  C3: [0, 0, 918.425197, 1298.267717].freeze,
  C4: [0, 0, 649.133858, 918.425197].freeze,
  C5: [0, 0, 459.212598, 649.133858].freeze,
  C6: [0, 0, 323.149606, 459.212598].freeze,
  C7: [0, 0, 229.606299, 323.149606].freeze,
  C8: [0, 0, 161.574803, 229.606299].freeze,
  C9: [0, 0, 113.385827, 161.574803].freeze,
  C10: [0, 0, 79.370079, 113.385827].freeze,
  Letter: [0, 0, 612, 792].freeze,
  Legal: [0, 0, 612, 1008].freeze,
  Ledger: [0, 0, 792, 1224].freeze,
  Tabloid: [0, 0, 1224, 792].freeze,
  Executive: [0, 0, 522, 756].freeze,
}.freeze
INHERITABLE_FIELDS =

The inheritable fields.

[:Resources, :MediaBox, :CropBox, :Rotate].freeze

Constants included from DictionaryFields

DictionaryFields::Boolean, DictionaryFields::PDFByteString, DictionaryFields::PDFDate

Instance Attribute Summary

Attributes inherited from Object

#data, #document, #must_be_indirect

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from Dictionary

#[]=, define_field, define_type, #delete, #each, each_field, #empty?, field, #key?, #to_hash, type, #type

Methods inherited from Object

#<=>, #==, #cache, #cached?, #clear_cache, deep_copy, #deep_copy, #document?, #eql?, field, #gen, #gen=, #hash, #indirect?, #initialize, #inspect, make_direct, #null?, #oid, #oid=, #type, #validate, #value, #value=

Constructor Details

This class inherits a constructor from HexaPDF::Object

Class Method Details

.media_box(paper_size, orientation: :portrait) ⇒ Object

Returns the media box for the given paper size or array.

If an array is specified, it needs to contain exactly four numbers. The orientation argument is not used in this case.

See PAPER_SIZE for the defined paper sizes.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 114

def self.media_box(paper_size, orientation: :portrait)
  return paper_size if paper_size.kind_of?(Array) && paper_size.size == 4 &&
    paper_size.all?(Numeric)

  unless PAPER_SIZE.key?(paper_size)
    raise HexaPDF::Error, "Invalid paper size specified: #{paper_size}"
  end

  media_box = PAPER_SIZE[paper_size].dup
  media_box[2], media_box[3] = media_box[3], media_box[2] if orientation == :landscape
  media_box
end

Instance Method Details

#[](name) ⇒ Object

Returns the value for the entry name.

If name is an inheritable value and the value has not been set on the page object, its value is retrieved from the ancestor page tree nodes.

See: Dictionary#[]



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 174

def [](name)
  if value[name].nil? && INHERITABLE_FIELDS.include?(name)
    node = self
    node = node[:Parent] while node.value[name].nil? && node[:Parent]
    node == self || node.value[name].nil? ? super : node[name]
  else
    super
  end
end

#ancestor_nodes ⇒ Object

Returns all parent nodes of the page up to the root of the page tree.

The direct parent is the first node in the array and the root node the last.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 421

def ancestor_nodes
  parent = self[:Parent]
  result = [parent]
  result << parent while (parent = parent[:Parent])
  result
end

#box(type = :crop, rectangle = nil) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

page.box(type = :crop)              -> box
page.box(type = :crop, rectangle)   -> rectangle

If no rectangle is given, returns the rectangle defining a certain kind of box for the page. Otherwise sets the value for the given box type to rectangle (an array with four values or a HexaPDF::Rectangle).

This method should be used instead of directly accessing any of /MediaBox, /CropBox, /BleedBox, /ArtBox or /TrimBox because it also takes the fallback values into account!

The following types are allowed:

:media

The media box defines the boundaries of the medium the page is to be printed on.

:crop

The crop box defines the region to which the contents of the page should be clipped when it is displayed or printed. The default is the media box.

:bleed

The bleed box defines the region to which the contents of the page should be clipped when output in a production environment. The default is the crop box.

:trim

The trim box defines the intended dimensions of the page after trimming. The default value is the crop box.

:art

The art box defines the region of the page’s meaningful content as intended by the author. The default is the crop box.

See: PDF2.0 s14.11.2



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 228

def box(type = :crop, rectangle = nil)
  if rectangle
    case type
    when :media, :crop, :bleed, :trim, :art
      self[:"#{type.capitalize}Box"] = rectangle
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported page box type provided: #{type}"
    end
  else
    media_box = self[:MediaBox]
    result = case type
             when :media then media_box
             when :crop then self[:CropBox] || media_box
             when :bleed then self[:BleedBox] || self[:CropBox] || media_box
             when :trim then self[:TrimBox] || self[:CropBox] || media_box
             when :art then self[:ArtBox] || self[:CropBox] || media_box
             else
               raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported page box type provided: #{type}"
             end
    unless result == media_box
      if result.right < media_box.left || result.left > media_box.right ||
          result.top < media_box.bottom || result.bottom > media_box.top
        result.value = [0, 0, 0, 0]
      else
        result.left = media_box.left if result.left < media_box.left
        result.right = media_box.right if result.right > media_box.right
        result.top = media_box.top if result.top > media_box.top
        result.bottom = media_box.bottom if result.bottom < media_box.bottom
      end
    end
    result
  end
end

#canvas(type: :page, translate_origin: true) ⇒ Object

Returns the requested type of canvas for the page.

There are potentially three different canvas objects, one for each of the types :underlay, :page, and :overlay. The canvas objects are cached once they are created so that their graphics states are correctly retained without the need for parsing the contents. This also means that on subsequent invocations the graphic states of the canvases might already be changed.

type

Can either be

  • :page for getting the canvas for the page itself (only valid for initially empty pages)

  • :overlay for getting the canvas for drawing over the page contents

  • :underlay for getting the canvas for drawing unter the page contents

translate_origin

Specifies whether the origin should automatically be translated into the lower-left corner of the crop box.

Note that this argument is only used for the first invocation for every canvas type. So if a canvas was initially requested with this argument set to false and then with true, it won’t have any effect as the cached canvas is returned.

To check whether the origin has been translated or not, use

canvas.pos(0, 0)

and check whether the result is [0, 0]. If it is, then the origin has not been translated.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 456

def canvas(type: :page, translate_origin: true)
  unless [:page, :overlay, :underlay].include?(type)
    raise ArgumentError, "Invalid value for 'type', expected: :page, :underlay or :overlay"
  end
  cache_key = "#{type}_canvas".intern
  return cache(cache_key) if cached?(cache_key)

  if type == :page && key?(:Contents)
    raise HexaPDF::Error, "Cannot get the canvas for a page with contents"
  end

  create_canvas = lambda do
    Content::Canvas.new(self).tap do |canvas|
      next unless translate_origin
      crop_box = box(:crop)
      if crop_box.left != 0 || crop_box.bottom != 0
        canvas.translate(crop_box.left, crop_box.bottom)
      end
    end
  end

  contents = self[:Contents]
  if contents.nil?
    page_canvas = cache(:page_canvas, create_canvas.call)
    self[:Contents] = document.add({Filter: :FlateDecode},
                                   stream: page_canvas.stream_data)
  end

  if type == :overlay || type == :underlay
    underlay_canvas = cache(:underlay_canvas, create_canvas.call)
    overlay_canvas = cache(:overlay_canvas, create_canvas.call)

    stream = HexaPDF::StreamData.new do
      Fiber.yield(" q ")
      fiber = underlay_canvas.stream_data.fiber
      while fiber.alive? && (data = fiber.resume)
        Fiber.yield(data)
      end
      " Q q "
    end
    underlay = document.add({Filter: :FlateDecode}, stream: stream)

    stream = HexaPDF::StreamData.new do
      Fiber.yield(" Q q ")
      fiber = overlay_canvas.stream_data.fiber
      while fiber.alive? && (data = fiber.resume)
        Fiber.yield(data)
      end
      " Q "
    end
    overlay = document.add({Filter: :FlateDecode}, stream: stream)

    self[:Contents] = [underlay, *self[:Contents], overlay]
  end

  cache(cache_key)
end

#contents ⇒ Object

Returns the concatenated stream data from the content streams as binary string.

Note: Any modifications done to the returned value *won’t* be reflected in any of the streams’ data!



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 358

def contents
  Array(self[:Contents]).each_with_object("".b) do |content_stream, content|
    content << " " unless content.empty?
    content << content_stream.stream
  end
end

#contents=(data) ⇒ Object

Replaces the contents of the page with the given string.

This is done by deleting all but the first content stream and reusing this content stream; or by creating a new one if no content stream exists.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 369

def contents=(data)
  first, *rest = self[:Contents]
  rest.each {|stream| document.delete(stream) }
  if first
    self[:Contents] = first
    document.deref(first).stream = data
  else
    self[:Contents] = document.add({Filter: :FlateDecode}, stream: data)
  end
end

#copy_inherited_values ⇒ Object

Copies the page’s inherited values from the ancestor page tree nodes into a hash and returns the hash.

The hash can then be used to update the page itself (e.g. when moving a page from one position to another) or another page (e.g. when importing a page from another document).



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 189

def copy_inherited_values
  INHERITABLE_FIELDS.each_with_object({}) do |name, hash|
    hash[name] = HexaPDF::Object.deep_copy(self[name]) if value[name].nil?
  end
end

#each_annotation ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

page.each_annotation {|annotation| block}    -> page
page.each_annotation                         -> Enumerator

Yields each annotation of this page.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 549

def each_annotation
  return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
  Array(self[:Annots]).each do |annotation|
    next unless annotation?(annotation)
    yield(document.wrap(annotation, type: :Annot))
  end
  self
end

#flatten_annotations(annotations = ) ⇒ Object

Flattens all or the given annotations of the page. Returns an array with all the annotations that couldn’t be flattened because they don’t have an appearance stream.

Flattening means making the appearances of the annotations part of the content stream of the page and deleting the annotations themselves. Invisible and hidden fields are deleted but not rendered into the content stream.

If an annotation is a form field widget, only the widget will be deleted but not the form field itself.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 567

def flatten_annotations(annotations = self[:Annots])
  not_flattened = Array(annotations) || []
  unless self[:Annots].kind_of?(PDFArray)
    return (not_flattened == [annotations] ? [] : not_flattened)
  end

  annotations = if annotations == self[:Annots]
                  not_flattened
                else
                  not_flattened & self[:Annots]
                end
  return not_flattened if annotations.empty?

  canvas = self.canvas(type: :overlay)
  if (pos = canvas.pos(0, 0)) != [0, 0]
    canvas.save_graphics_state
    canvas.translate(-pos[0], -pos[1])
  end

  to_delete = Set.new
  not_flattened -= annotations
  annotations.each do |annotation|
    unless annotation?(annotation)
      self[:Annots].delete(annotation)
      next
    end

    annotation = document.wrap(annotation, type: :Annot)
    appearance = annotation.appearance
    if annotation.flagged?(:hidden) || annotation.flagged?(:invisible)
      to_delete << annotation
      next
    elsif !appearance
      not_flattened << annotation
      next
    end

    rect = annotation[:Rect]
    box = appearance.box

    # PDF2.0 12.5.5 algorithm
    # Step 1) Calculate smallest rectangle containing transformed bounding box
    matrix = HexaPDF::Content::TransformationMatrix.new(*appearance[:Matrix].value)
    llx, lly = matrix.evaluate(box.left, box.bottom)
    ulx, uly = matrix.evaluate(box.left, box.top)
    lrx, lry = matrix.evaluate(box.right, box.bottom)
    left, right = [llx, ulx, lrx, lrx + (ulx - llx)].minmax
    bottom, top = [lly, uly, lry, lry + (uly - lly)].minmax

    # Handle degenerate case of the transformed bounding box being a line or point
    if right - left == 0 || top - bottom == 0
      to_delete << annotation
      next
    end

    # Step 2) Fit calculated rectangle to annotation rectangle by translating/scaling

    # The final matrix is composed by translating the bottom-left corner of the transformed
    # bounding box to the bottom-left corner of the annotation rectangle and scaling from the
    # bottom-left corner of the transformed bounding box.
    sx = rect.width.fdiv(right - left)
    sy = rect.height.fdiv(top - bottom)
    tx = rect.left - left + left - left * sx
    ty = rect.bottom - bottom + bottom - bottom * sy

    # Step 3) Premultiply form matrix - done implicitly when drawing the XObject

    canvas.transform(sx, 0, 0, sy, tx, ty) do
      # Use [box.left, box.bottom] to counter default translation in #xobject since that
      # is already taken care of in matrix a
      canvas.xobject(appearance, at: [box.left, box.bottom])
    end
    to_delete << annotation
  end
  canvas.restore_graphics_state unless pos == [0, 0]

  to_delete.each do |annotation|
    if annotation[:Subtype] == :Widget
      annotation.form_field.delete_widget(annotation)
    else
      self[:Annots].delete(annotation)
      document.delete(annotation)
    end
  end

  not_flattened
end

#index ⇒ Object

Returns the index of the page in the page tree.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 397

def index
  idx = 0
  node = self
  while (parent_node = node[:Parent])
    parent_node[:Kids].each do |kid|
      break if kid == node
      idx += (kid.type == :Page ? 1 : kid[:Count])
    end
    node = parent_node
  end
  idx
end

#label ⇒ Object

Returns the label of the page which is an optional, alternative description of the page index.

See HexaPDF::Document::Pages for details.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 414

def label
  document.pages.page_label(index)
end

#must_be_indirect? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true since page objects must always be indirect.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 164

def must_be_indirect?
  true
end

#orientation(type = :crop) ⇒ Object

Returns the orientation of the specified box (default is the crop box), either :portrait or :landscape.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 264

def orientation(type = :crop)
  box = self.box(type)
  rotation = self[:Rotate]
  if (box.height > box.width && (rotation == 0 || rotation == 180)) ||
      (box.height < box.width && (rotation == 90 || rotation == 270))
    :portrait
  else
    :landscape
  end
end

#process_contents(processor) ⇒ Object

Processes the content streams associated with the page with the given processor object.

See: HexaPDF::Content::Processor



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 390

def process_contents(processor)
  self[:Resources] = {} if self[:Resources].nil?
  processor.resources = self[:Resources]
  Content::Parser.parse(contents, processor)
end

#resources ⇒ Object

Returns the, possibly inherited, resource dictionary which is automatically created if it doesn’t exist.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 382

def resources
  self[:Resources] ||= document.wrap({ProcSet: [:PDF, :Text, :ImageB, :ImageC, :ImageI]},
                                     type: :XXResources)
end

#rotate(angle, flatten: false) ⇒ Object

Rotates the page angle degrees counterclockwise where angle has to be a multiple of 90.

Positive values rotate the page to the left, negative values to the right. If flatten is true, the rotation is not done via the page’s meta (i.e. the /Rotate key) data but by rotating the canvas itself and all other necessary objects like the various page boxes and annotations.

Notes:

  • The given angle is applied in addition to a possibly already existing rotation (specified via the /Rotate key) and does not replace it.

  • Specifying 0 for angle is valid and means that no additional rotation should be applied. The only meaningful usage of 0 for angle is when flatten is set to true (so that the /Rotate key is removed and the existing rotation information incorporated into the canvas, page boxes and annotations).

  • The /Rotate key of a page object describes the angle in a clockwise orientation but this method uses counterclockwise rotation to be consistent with other rotation methods (e.g. HexaPDF::Content::Canvas#rotate).



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 295

def rotate(angle, flatten: false)
  if angle % 90 != 0
    raise ArgumentError, "Page rotation has to be multiple of 90 degrees"
  end

  # /Rotate and therefore cw_angle is angle in clockwise orientation
  cw_angle = (self[:Rotate] - angle) % 360

  if flatten
    delete(:Rotate)
    return if cw_angle == 0

    pbox = box
    matrix = case cw_angle
             when 90  then Content::TransformationMatrix.new(0, -1, 1, 0, -pbox.bottom, pbox.right)
             when 180 then Content::TransformationMatrix.new(-1, 0, 0, -1, pbox.right, pbox.top)
             when 270 then Content::TransformationMatrix.new(0, 1, -1, 0, pbox.top, -pbox.left)
             end

    rotate_box = lambda do |box|
      llx, lly, urx, ury =
        case cw_angle
        when 90  then [box.right, box.bottom, box.left, box.top]
        when 180 then [box.right, box.top, box.left, box.bottom]
        when 270 then [box.left, box.top, box.right, box.bottom]
        end
      box.value.replace(matrix.evaluate(llx, lly).concat(matrix.evaluate(urx, ury)))
    end

    [:MediaBox, :CropBox, :BleedBox, :TrimBox, :ArtBox].each do |box_name|
      next unless key?(box_name)
      rotate_box.call(self[box_name])
    end

    each_annotation do |annot|
      rotate_box.call(annot[:Rect])
      if (quad_points = annot[:QuadPoints])
        quad_points = quad_points.value if quad_points.respond_to?(:value)
        result = []
        quad_points.each_slice(2) {|x, y| result.concat(matrix.evaluate(x, y)) }
        quad_points.replace(result)
      end
      if (appearance = annot.appearance)
        appearance[:Matrix] = matrix.dup.premultiply(*appearance[:Matrix].value).to_a
      end
      if annot[:Subtype] == :Widget
        app_ch = annot[:MK] ||= document.wrap({}, type: :XXAppearanceCharacteristics)
        app_ch[:R] = (app_ch[:R] + 360 - cw_angle) % 360
      end
    end

    before_contents = document.add({}, stream: " q #{matrix.to_a.join(' ')} cm ")
    after_contents = document.add({}, stream: " Q ")
    self[:Contents] = [before_contents, *self[:Contents], after_contents]
  else
    self[:Rotate] = cw_angle
  end
end

#to_form_xobject(reference: true) ⇒ Object

Creates a Form XObject from the page’s dictionary and contents for the given PDF document.

If reference is true, the page’s contents is referenced when possible to avoid unnecessary decoding/encoding.

Note 1: The created Form XObject is not added to the document automatically!

Note 2: If reference is false and if a canvas is used on this page (see #canvas), this method should only be called once the contents of the page has been fully defined. The reason is that during the copying of the content stream data the contents may be modified to make it a fully valid content stream.



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# File 'lib/hexapdf/type/page.rb', line 525

def to_form_xobject(reference: true)
  first, *rest = self[:Contents]
  stream = if !first
             nil
           elsif !reference || !rest.empty? || first.raw_stream.kind_of?(String)
             contents
           else
             first.raw_stream
           end
  dict = {
    Type: :XObject,
    Subtype: :Form,
    BBox: HexaPDF::Object.deep_copy(box(:crop)),
    Resources: HexaPDF::Object.deep_copy(self[:Resources]),
    Filter: :FlateDecode,
  }
  document.wrap(dict, stream: stream)
end