Class: JSON::LD::Context

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Utils, RDF::Util::Logger
Defined in:
lib/json/ld/context.rb

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: TermDefinition

Constant Summary collapse

PRELOADED =

Preloaded contexts. To avoid runtime context parsing and downloading, contexts may be pre-loaded by implementations.

Returns:

{}
INITIAL_CONTEXTS =

Initial contexts, defined on first access

{}
CACHE_SIZE =

Defines the maximum number of interned URI references that can be held cached in memory at any one time.

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ID_NULL_OBJECT =

The following constants are used to reduce object allocations in #create_term_definition below

{ '@id' => nil }.freeze
NON_TERMDEF_KEYS = 
Set.new(%w[@base @direction @language @protected @version @vocab]).freeze
JSON_LD_10_EXPECTED_KEYS = 
Set.new(%w[@container @id @language @reverse @type]).freeze
JSON_LD_11_EXPECTED_KEYS = 
Set.new(%w[@context @direction @index @nest @prefix @protected]).freeze
JSON_LD_EXPECTED_KEYS = 
(JSON_LD_10_EXPECTED_KEYS + JSON_LD_11_EXPECTED_KEYS).freeze
JSON_LD_10_TYPE_VALUES = 
Set.new(%w[@id @vocab]).freeze
JSON_LD_11_TYPE_VALUES = 
Set.new(%w[@json @none]).freeze
PREFIX_URI_ENDINGS = 
Set.new(%w(: / ? # [ ] @)).freeze
CONTAINERS_GRAPH =

The following constants are used to reduce object allocations in #compact_iri below

%w[@graph@id @graph@id@set].freeze
CONTAINERS_GRAPH_INDEX = 
%w[@graph@index @graph@index@set].freeze
CONTAINERS_GRAPH_INDEX_INDEX = 
%w[@graph@index @graph@index@set @index @index@set].freeze
CONTAINERS_GRAPH_SET = 
%w[@graph @graph@set @set].freeze
CONTAINERS_ID_TYPE = 
%w[@id @id@set @type @set@type].freeze
CONTAINERS_ID_VOCAB = 
%w[@id @vocab @none].freeze
CONTAINERS_INDEX_SET = 
%w[@index @index@set].freeze
CONTAINERS_LANGUAGE = 
%w[@language @language@set].freeze
CONTAINERS_VALUE = 
%w[@value].freeze
CONTAINERS_VOCAB_ID = 
%w[@vocab @id @none].freeze

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Utils

#add_value, #as_array, #as_resource, #blank_node?, #compare_values, #graph?, #has_value?, #index?, #list?, #node?, #node_or_ref?, #node_reference?, #property?, #simple_graph?, #value?

Constructor Details

#initialize(**options) {|ec| ... } ⇒ Context

Create new evaluation context

Parameters:

  • options (Hash)

Options Hash (**options):

  • :prefixes (Hash{Symbol => String}) —

    See ‘RDF::Reader#initialize`

  • :vocab (String, #to_s) —

    Initial value for @vocab

  • :language (String, #to_s) —

    Initial value for @langauge

Yields:

  • (ec)

Yield Parameters:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 192

def initialize(**options)
  @processingMode = 'json-ld-1.0' if options[:processingMode] == 'json-ld-1.0'
  @term_definitions = {}
  @iri_to_term = {
    RDF.to_uri.to_s => "rdf",
    RDF::XSD.to_uri.to_s => "xsd"
  }
  @namer = BlankNodeMapper.new("t")

  @options = options

  # Load any defined prefixes
  (options[:prefixes] || {}).each_pair do |k, v|
    next if k.nil?

    @iri_to_term[v.to_s] = k
    @term_definitions[k.to_s] = TermDefinition.new(k, id: v.to_s, simple: true, prefix: true)
  end

  self.vocab = options[:vocab] if options[:vocab]
  self.default_language = options[:language] if /^[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*$/.match?(options[:language])
  @term_definitions = options[:term_definitions] if options[:term_definitions]

  # log_debug("init") {"iri_to_term: #{iri_to_term.inspect}"}

  yield(self) if block_given?
end

Instance Attribute Details

#base ⇒ RDF::URI

The base.

Returns:

  • (RDF::URI) —

    Current base IRI, used for expanding relative IRIs.



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 57

def base
  @base
end

#context_base ⇒ RDF::URI

Returns base IRI of the context, if loaded remotely.

Returns:

  • (RDF::URI) —

    base IRI of the context, if loaded remotely.



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 60

def context_base
  @context_base
end

#default_direction ⇒ "lrt", "rtl"

Default direction

This adds a direction to plain strings that aren’t otherwise coerced

Returns:

  • ("lrt", "rtl") 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 87

def default_direction
  @default_direction
end

#default_language ⇒ String

Default language

This adds a language to plain strings that aren’t otherwise coerced

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 81

def default_language
  @default_language
end

#iri_to_term ⇒ Hash{RDF::URI => String}

Returns Reverse mappings from IRI to term only for terms, not CURIEs XXX.

Returns:

  • (Hash{RDF::URI => String}) —

    Reverse mappings from IRI to term only for terms, not CURIEs XXX



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 67

def iri_to_term
  @iri_to_term
end

#namer ⇒ BlankNodeNamer

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 100

def namer
  @namer
end

#options ⇒ Hash{Symbol => Object}

Returns Global options used in generating IRIs.

Returns:

  • (Hash{Symbol => Object}) —

    Global options used in generating IRIs



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 97

def options
  @options
end

#previous_context ⇒ Context

Previous definition for this context. This is used for rolling back type-scoped contexts.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 71

def previous_context
  @previous_context
end

#property_scoped ⇒ Boolean

Context is property-scoped

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 75

def property_scoped
  @property_scoped
end

#term_definitions ⇒ Hash{String => TermDefinition} (readonly)

Term definitions

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 64

def term_definitions
  @term_definitions
end

#vocab ⇒ RDF::URI

Default vocabulary

Sets the default vocabulary used for expanding terms which aren’t otherwise absolute IRIs

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 94

def vocab
  @vocab
end

Class Method Details

.add_preloaded(url, context = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Add preloaded context. In the block form, the context is lazy evaulated on first use.

Parameters:

Yield Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 34

def add_preloaded(url, context = nil, &block)
  PRELOADED[url.to_s.freeze] = context || block
end

.alias_preloaded(a, url) ⇒ Object

Alias a previousliy loaded context

Parameters:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 42

def alias_preloaded(a, url)
  PRELOADED[a.to_s.freeze] = PRELOADED[url.to_s.freeze]
end

.cache ⇒ RDF::Util::Cache

Class-level cache used for retaining parsed remote contexts.

Returns:

  • (RDF::Util::Cache) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 138

def self.cache
  @cache ||= RDF::Util::Cache.new(CACHE_SIZE)
end

.inverse_cache ⇒ RDF::Util::Cache

Class-level cache inverse contexts.

Returns:

  • (RDF::Util::Cache) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 147

def self.inverse_cache
  @inverse_cache ||= RDF::Util::Cache.new(CACHE_SIZE)
end

.new(**options) ⇒ Object

Allow caching of well-known contexts



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 154

def self.new(**options)
  if (options.keys - %i[
    compactArrays
    documentLoader
    extractAllScripts
    ordered
    processingMode
    validate
  ]).empty?
    # allow caching
    key = options.hash
    INITIAL_CONTEXTS[key] ||= begin
      context = JSON::LD::Context.allocate
      context.send(:initialize, **options)
      context.freeze
      context.term_definitions.freeze
      context
    end
  else
    # Don't try to cache
    context = JSON::LD::Context.allocate
    context.send(:initialize, **options)
    context
  end
end

.parse(local_context, base: nil, override_protected: false, propagate: true, **options) ⇒ Context

Create a new context by parsing a context.

Parameters:

  • local_context (String, #read, Array, Hash, Context)
  • base (String, #to_s) (defaults to: nil) —

    (nil) The Base IRI to use when expanding the document. This overrides the value of ‘input` if it is a IRI. If not specified and `input` is not an IRI, the base IRI defaults to the current document IRI if in a browser context, or the empty string if there is no document context.

  • override_protected (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    (false) Protected terms may be cleared.

  • propagate (Boolean) (defaults to: true) —

    (true) If false, retains any previously defined term, which can be rolled back when the descending into a new node object changes.

Returns:

Raises:

  • (JsonLdError) —

    on a remote context load error, syntax error, or a reference to a term which is not defined.

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 117

def self.parse(local_context,
               base: nil,
               override_protected: false,
               propagate: true,
               **options)
  c = new(**options)
  if local_context.respond_to?(:empty?) && local_context.empty?
    c
  else
    c.parse(local_context,
      base: base,
      override_protected: override_protected,
      propagate: propagate)
  end
end

Instance Method Details

#as_array?(term) ⇒ Boolean

Should values be represented using an array?

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1184

def as_array?(term)
  return true if CONTEXT_CONTAINER_ARRAY_TERMS.include?(term)

  term = find_definition(term)
  term && (term.as_set? || term.container_mapping.include?('@list'))
end

#coerce(term) ⇒ RDF::URI, '@id'

Retrieve term coercion

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1170

def coerce(term)
  # Map property, if it's not an RDF::Value
  # @type is always is an IRI
  return '@id' if term == RDF.type || term == '@type'

  term = find_definition(term)
  term&.type_mapping
end

#compact_iri(iri, base: nil, reverse: false, value: nil, vocab: nil) ⇒ String

Compacts an absolute IRI to the shortest matching term or compact IRI

Parameters:

  • iri (RDF::URI)
  • base (String, RDF::URI) (defaults to: nil) —

    for resolving document-relative IRIs

  • value (Object) (defaults to: nil) —

    Value, used to select among various maps for the same IRI

  • reverse (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    specifies whether a reverse property is being compacted

  • vocab (Boolean) (defaults to: nil) —

    specifies whether the passed iri should be compacted using the active context’s vocabulary mapping

Returns:

  • (String) —

    compacted form of IRI

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1412

def compact_iri(iri, base: nil, reverse: false, value: nil, vocab: nil)
  return if iri.nil?

  iri = iri.to_s

  if vocab && inverse_context.key?(iri)
    default_language = if default_direction
      "#{self.default_language}_#{default_direction}".downcase
    else
      (self.default_language || "@none").downcase
    end
    containers = []
    tl = "@language"
    tl_value = "@null"
    containers.concat(CONTAINERS_INDEX_SET) if index?(value) && !graph?(value)

    # If the value is a JSON Object with the key @preserve, use the value of @preserve.
    value = value['@preserve'].first if value.is_a?(Hash) && value.key?('@preserve')

    if reverse
      tl = "@type"
      tl_value = "@reverse"
      containers << '@set'
    elsif list?(value)
      # if value is a list object, then set type/language and type/language value to the most specific values that work for all items in the list as follows:
      containers << "@list" unless index?(value)
      list = value['@list']
      common_type = nil
      common_language = default_language if list.empty?
      list.each do |item|
        item_language = "@none"
        item_type = "@none"
        if value?(item)
          if item.key?('@direction')
            item_language = "#{item['@language']}_#{item['@direction']}".downcase
          elsif item.key?('@language')
            item_language = item['@language'].downcase
          elsif item.key?('@type')
            item_type = item['@type']
          else
            item_language = "@null"
          end
        else
          item_type = '@id'
        end
        common_language ||= item_language
        common_language = '@none' if item_language != common_language && value?(item)
        common_type ||= item_type
        common_type = '@none' if item_type != common_type
      end

      common_language ||= '@none'
      common_type ||= '@none'
      if common_type == '@none'
        tl_value = common_language
      else
        tl = '@type'
        tl_value = common_type
      end
    elsif graph?(value)
      # Prefer @index and @id containers, then @graph, then @index
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_GRAPH_INDEX_INDEX) if index?(value)
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_GRAPH) if value.key?('@id')

      # Prefer an @graph container next
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_GRAPH_SET)

      # Lastly, in 1.1, any graph can be indexed on @index or @id, so add if we haven't already
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_GRAPH_INDEX) unless index?(value)
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_GRAPH) unless value.key?('@id')
      containers.concat(CONTAINERS_INDEX_SET) unless index?(value)
      containers << '@set'

      tl = '@type'
      tl_value = '@id'
    else
      if value?(value)
        # In 1.1, an language map can be used to index values using @none
        if value.key?('@language') && !index?(value)
          tl_value = value['@language'].downcase
          tl_value += "_#{value['@direction']}" if value['@direction']
          containers.concat(CONTAINERS_LANGUAGE)
        elsif value.key?('@direction') && !index?(value)
          tl_value = "_#{value['@direction']}"
        elsif value.key?('@type')
          tl_value = value['@type']
          tl = '@type'
        end
      else
        # In 1.1, an id or type map can be used to index values using @none
        containers.concat(CONTAINERS_ID_TYPE)
        tl = '@type'
        tl_value = '@id'
      end
      containers << '@set'
    end

    containers << '@none'

    # In 1.1, an index map can be used to index values using @none, so add as a low priority
    containers.concat(CONTAINERS_INDEX_SET) unless index?(value)
    # Values without type or language can use @language map
    containers.concat(CONTAINERS_LANGUAGE) if value?(value) && value.keys == CONTAINERS_VALUE

    tl_value ||= '@null'
    preferred_values = []
    preferred_values << '@reverse' if tl_value == '@reverse'
    if ['@id', '@reverse'].include?(tl_value) && value.is_a?(Hash) && value.key?('@id')
      t_iri = compact_iri(value['@id'], vocab: true, base: base)
      if (r_td = term_definitions[t_iri]) && r_td.id == value['@id']
        preferred_values.concat(CONTAINERS_VOCAB_ID)
      else
        preferred_values.concat(CONTAINERS_ID_VOCAB)
      end
    else
      tl = '@any' if list?(value) && value['@list'].empty?
      preferred_values.concat([tl_value, '@none'].compact)
    end
    preferred_values << '@any'

    # if containers included `@language` and preferred_values includes something of the form language-tag_direction, add just the _direction part, to select terms that have that direction.
    if (lang_dir = preferred_values.detect { |v| v.include?('_') })
      preferred_values << ('_' + lang_dir.split('_').last)
    end

    if (p_term = select_term(iri, containers, tl, preferred_values))
      return p_term
    end
  end

  # At this point, there is no simple term that iri can be compacted to. If vocab is true and active context has a vocabulary mapping:
  if vocab && self.vocab && iri.start_with?(self.vocab) && iri.length > self.vocab.length
    suffix = iri[self.vocab.length..]
    return suffix unless term_definitions.key?(suffix)
  end

  # The iri could not be compacted using the active context's vocabulary mapping. Try to create a compact IRI, starting by initializing compact IRI to null. This variable will be used to tore the created compact IRI, if any.
  candidates = []

  term_definitions.each do |term, td|
    # Skip term if `@prefix` is not true in term definition
    next unless td&.prefix?

    next if td&.id.nil? || td.id == iri || !td.match_iri?(iri)

    suffix = iri[td.id.length..]
    ciri = "#{term}:#{suffix}"
    candidates << ciri unless value && term_definitions.key?(ciri)
  end

  return candidates.min unless candidates.empty?

  # If we still don't have any terms and we're using standard_prefixes,
  # try those, and add to mapping
  if @options[:standard_prefixes]
    candidates = RDF::Vocabulary
      .select { |v| iri.start_with?(v.to_uri.to_s) && iri != v.to_uri.to_s }
      .map do |v|
        prefix = v.__name__.to_s.split('::').last.downcase
        set_mapping(prefix, v.to_uri.to_s)
        iri.sub(v.to_uri.to_s, "#{prefix}:").sub(/:$/, '')
      end

    return candidates.min unless candidates.empty?
  end

  # If iri could be confused with a compact IRI using a term in this context, signal an error
  term_definitions.each do |term, td|
    next unless td.prefix? && td.match_compact_iri?(iri)

    raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::IRIConfusedWithPrefix, "Absolute IRI '#{iri}' confused with prefix '#{term}'"
  end

  return iri if vocab

  # transform iri to a relative IRI using the document's base IRI
  iri = remove_base(self.base || base, iri)
  # Make . relative if it has the form of a keyword.
  iri = "./#{iri}" if iri.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/)

  iri
end

#compact_value(property, value, base: nil) ⇒ Hash

Compact a value

FIXME: revisit the specification version of this.

Parameters:

  • property (String) —

    Associated property used to find coercion rules

  • value (Hash) —

    Value (literal or IRI), in full object representation, to be compacted

  • base (String, RDF::URI) (defaults to: nil) —

    for resolving document-relative IRIs

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    Object representation of value

Raises:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1662

def compact_value(property, value, base: nil)
  # log_debug("compact_value") {"property: #{property.inspect}, value: #{value.inspect}"}

  indexing = index?(value) && container(property).include?('@index')
  language = language(property)
  direction = direction(property)

  result = if coerce(property) == '@id' && value.key?('@id') && (value.keys - %w[@id @index]).empty?
    # Compact an @id coercion
    # log_debug("") {" (@id & coerce)"}
    compact_iri(value['@id'], base: base)
  elsif coerce(property) == '@vocab' && value.key?('@id') && (value.keys - %w[@id @index]).empty?
    # Compact an @id coercion
    # log_debug("") {" (@id & coerce & vocab)"}
    compact_iri(value['@id'], vocab: true)
  elsif value.key?('@id')
    # log_debug("") {" (@id)"}
    # return value as is
    value
  elsif value['@type'] && value['@type'] == coerce(property)
    # Compact common datatype
    # log_debug("") {" (@type & coerce) == #{coerce(property)}"}
    value['@value']
  elsif coerce(property) == '@none' || value['@type']
    # use original expanded value
    value
  elsif !value['@value'].is_a?(String)
    # log_debug("") {" (native)"}
    indexing || !index?(value) ? value['@value'] : value
  elsif value['@language'].to_s.casecmp(language.to_s).zero? && value['@direction'] == direction
    # Compact language and direction
    indexing || !index?(value) ? value['@value'] : value
  else
    value
  end

  if result.is_a?(Hash) && result.key?('@type') && value['@type'] != '@json'
    # Compact values of @type
    c_type = if result['@type'].is_a?(Array)
      result['@type'].map { |t| compact_iri(t, vocab: true) }
    else
      compact_iri(result['@type'], vocab: true)
    end
    result = result.merge('@type' => c_type)
  end

  # If the result is an object, tranform keys using any term keyword aliases
  if result.is_a?(Hash) && result.keys.any? { |k| self.alias(k) != k }
    # log_debug("") {" (map to key aliases)"}
    new_element = {}
    result.each do |k, v|
      new_element[self.alias(k)] = v
    end
    result = new_element
  end

  # log_debug("") {"=> #{result.inspect}"}
  result
end

#container(term) ⇒ Array<'@index', '@language', '@index', '@set', '@type', '@id', '@graph'>

Retrieve container mapping, add it if ‘value` is provided

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (Array<'@index', '@language', '@index', '@set', '@type', '@id', '@graph'>) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1158

def container(term)
  return Set[term] if term == '@list'

  term = find_definition(term)
  term ? term.container_mapping : Set.new
end

#content(term) ⇒ Hash

Retrieve content of a term

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (Hash) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1196

def content(term)
  term = find_definition(term)
  term&.content
end

#create_term_definition(local_context, term, defined, base: nil, override_protected: false, protected: nil, remote_contexts: [], validate_scoped: true) ⇒ Object

Create Term Definition

Term definitions are created by parsing the information in the given local context for the given term. If the given term is a compact IRI, it may omit an IRI mapping by depending on its prefix having its own term definition. If the prefix is a key in the local context, then its term definition must first be created, through recursion, before continuing. Because a term definition can depend on other term definitions, a mechanism must be used to detect cyclical dependencies. The solution employed here uses a map, defined, that keeps track of whether or not a term has been defined or is currently in the process of being defined. This map is checked before any recursion is attempted.

After all dependencies for a term have been defined, the rest of the information in the local context for the given term is taken into account, creating the appropriate IRI mapping, container mapping, and type mapping or language mapping for the term.

Parameters:

  • local_context (Hash)
  • term (String)
  • defined (Hash)
  • base (String, RDF::URI) (defaults to: nil) —

    for resolving document-relative IRIs

  • protected (Boolean) (defaults to: nil) —

    if true, causes all terms to be marked protected

  • override_protected (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    Protected terms may be cleared.

  • remote_contexts (Array<String>) (defaults to: [])
  • validate_scoped (Boolean) (defaults to: true) —

    (true). Validate scoped context, loading if necessary. If false, do not load scoped contexts.

Raises:

  • (JsonLdError) —

    Represents a cyclical term dependency

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 512

def create_term_definition(local_context, term, defined,
                           base: nil,
                           override_protected: false,
                           protected: nil,
                           remote_contexts: [],
                           validate_scoped: true)
  # Expand a string value, unless it matches a keyword
  # log_debug("create_term_definition") {"term = #{term.inspect}"}

  # If defined contains the key term, then the associated value must be true, indicating that the term definition has already been created, so return. Otherwise, a cyclical term definition has been detected, which is an error.
  case defined[term]
  when TrueClass then return
  when nil
    defined[term] = false
  else
    raise JsonLdError::CyclicIRIMapping, "Cyclical term dependency found: #{term.inspect}"
  end

  # Initialize value to a the value associated with the key term in local context.
  value = local_context.fetch(term, false)
  simple_term = value.is_a?(String) || value.nil?

  # Since keywords cannot be overridden, term must not be a keyword. Otherwise, an invalid value has been detected, which is an error.
  if term == '@type' &&
     value.is_a?(Hash) &&
     !value.empty? &&
     processingMode("json-ld-1.1") &&
     (value.keys - %w[@container @protected]).empty? &&
     value.fetch('@container', '@set') == '@set'
    # thes are the only cases were redefining a keyword is allowed
  elsif KEYWORDS.include?(term) # TODO: anything that looks like a keyword
    raise JsonLdError::KeywordRedefinition, "term must not be a keyword: #{term.inspect}" if
      @options[:validate]
  elsif term.to_s.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/) && @options[:validate]
    warn "Terms beginning with '@' are reserved for future use and ignored: #{term}."
    return
  elsif !term_valid?(term) && @options[:validate]
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition, "term is invalid: #{term.inspect}"
  end

  value = { '@id' => value } if simple_term

  # Remove any existing term definition for term in active context.
  previous_definition = term_definitions[term]
  if previous_definition&.protected? && !override_protected
    # Check later to detect identical redefinition
  elsif previous_definition
    term_definitions.delete(term)
  end

  unless value.is_a?(Hash)
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
      "Term definition for #{term.inspect} is an #{value.class} on term #{term.inspect}"
  end

  # log_debug("") {"Hash[#{term.inspect}] = #{value.inspect}"}
  definition = TermDefinition.new(term)
  definition.simple = simple_term

  expected_keys = case processingMode
  when "json-ld-1.0" then JSON_LD_10_EXPECTED_KEYS
  else JSON_LD_EXPECTED_KEYS
  end

  # Any of these keys cause us to process as json-ld-1.1, unless otherwise set
  if processingMode.nil? && value.any? { |key, _| !JSON_LD_11_EXPECTED_KEYS.include?(key) }
    processingMode('json-ld-11')
  end

  if value.any? { |key, _| !expected_keys.include?(key) }
    extra_keys = value.keys - expected_keys.to_a
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
      "Term definition for #{term.inspect} has unexpected keys: #{extra_keys.join(', ')}"
  end

  # Potentially note that the term is protected
  definition.protected = value.fetch('@protected', protected)

  if value.key?('@type')
    type = value['@type']
    # SPEC FIXME: @type may be nil
    type = case type
    when nil
      type
    when String
      begin
        expand_iri(type, vocab: true, documentRelative: false, local_context: local_context, defined: defined)
      rescue JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping
        raise JsonLdError::InvalidTypeMapping,
          "invalid mapping for '@type': #{type.inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
      end
    else
      :error
    end
    if JSON_LD_11_TYPE_VALUES.include?(type) && processingMode('json-ld-1.1')
      # This is okay and used in compaction in 1.1
    elsif !JSON_LD_10_TYPE_VALUES.include?(type) && !(type.is_a?(RDF::URI) && type.absolute?)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidTypeMapping,
        "unknown mapping for '@type': #{type.inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end
    # log_debug("") {"type_mapping: #{type.inspect}"}
    definition.type_mapping = type
  end

  if value.key?('@reverse')
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidReverseProperty, "unexpected key in #{value.inspect} on term #{term.inspect}" if
      value.key?('@id') || value.key?('@nest')

    unless value['@reverse'].is_a?(String)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping,
        "expected value of @reverse to be a string: #{value['@reverse'].inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    if value['@reverse'].to_s.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/) && @options[:validate]
      warn "Values beginning with '@' are reserved for future use and ignored: #{value['@reverse']}."
      return
    end

    # Otherwise, set the IRI mapping of definition to the result of using the IRI Expansion algorithm, passing active context, the value associated with the @reverse key for value, true for vocab, true for document relative, local context, and defined. If the result is not an absolute IRI, i.e., it contains no colon (:), an invalid IRI mapping error has been detected and processing is aborted.
    definition.id = expand_iri(value['@reverse'],
      vocab: true,
      local_context: local_context,
      defined: defined)
    unless definition.id.is_a?(RDF::Node) || (definition.id.is_a?(RDF::URI) && definition.id.absolute?)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping,
        "non-absolute @reverse IRI: #{definition.id} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    if term[1..].to_s.include?(':') && (term_iri = expand_iri(term)) != definition.id
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping, "term #{term} expands to #{definition.id}, not #{term_iri}"
    end

    if @options[:validate] && processingMode('json-ld-1.1') && definition.id.to_s.start_with?("_:")
      warn "[DEPRECATION] Blank Node terms deprecated in JSON-LD 1.1."
    end

    # If value contains an @container member, set the container mapping of definition to its value; if its value is neither @set, @index, @type, @id, an absolute IRI nor null, an invalid reverse property error has been detected (reverse properties only support set- and index-containers) and processing is aborted.
    if value.key?('@container')
      container = value['@container']
      unless container.is_a?(String) && ['@set', '@index'].include?(container)
        raise JsonLdError::InvalidReverseProperty,
          "unknown mapping for '@container' to #{container.inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
      end
      definition.container_mapping = check_container(container, local_context, defined, term)
    end
    definition.reverse_property = true
  elsif value.key?('@id') && value['@id'].nil?
    # Allowed to reserve a null term, which may be protected
  elsif value.key?('@id') && value['@id'] != term
    unless value['@id'].is_a?(String)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping,
        "expected value of @id to be a string: #{value['@id'].inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    if !KEYWORDS.include?(value['@id'].to_s) && value['@id'].to_s.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/) && @options[:validate]
      warn "Values beginning with '@' are reserved for future use and ignored: #{value['@id']}."
      return
    end

    definition.id = expand_iri(value['@id'],
      vocab: true,
      local_context: local_context,
      defined: defined)
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidKeywordAlias, "expected value of @id to not be @context on term #{term.inspect}" if
      definition.id == '@context'

    if term.match?(%r{(?::[^:])|/})
      term_iri = expand_iri(term,
        vocab: true,
        local_context: local_context,
        defined: defined.merge(term => true))
      if term_iri != definition.id
        raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping, "term #{term} expands to #{definition.id}, not #{term_iri}"
      end
    end

    if @options[:validate] && processingMode('json-ld-1.1') && definition.id.to_s.start_with?("_:")
      warn "[DEPRECATION] Blank Node terms deprecated in JSON-LD 1.1."
    end

    # If id ends with a gen-delim, it may be used as a prefix for simple terms
    definition.prefix = true if !term.include?(':') &&
                                simple_term &&
                                (definition.id.to_s.end_with?(':', '/', '?', '#', '[', ']',
                                  '@') || definition.id.to_s.start_with?('_:'))
  elsif term[1..].include?(':')
    # If term is a compact IRI with a prefix that is a key in local context then a dependency has been found. Use this algorithm recursively passing active context, local context, the prefix as term, and defined.
    prefix, suffix = term.split(':', 2)
    create_term_definition(local_context, prefix, defined, protected: protected) if local_context.key?(prefix)

    definition.id = if (td = term_definitions[prefix])
      # If term's prefix has a term definition in active context, set the IRI mapping for definition to the result of concatenating the value associated with the prefix's IRI mapping and the term's suffix.
      td.id + suffix
    else
      # Otherwise, term is an absolute IRI. Set the IRI mapping for definition to term
      term
    end
    # log_debug("") {"=> #{definition.id}"}
  elsif term.include?('/')
    # If term is a relative IRI
    definition.id = expand_iri(term, vocab: true)
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidKeywordAlias, "expected term to expand to an absolute IRI #{term.inspect}" unless
      definition.id.absolute?
  elsif KEYWORDS.include?(term)
    # This should only happen for @type when @container is @set
    definition.id = term
  else
    # Otherwise, active context must have a vocabulary mapping, otherwise an invalid value has been detected, which is an error. Set the IRI mapping for definition to the result of concatenating the value associated with the vocabulary mapping and term.
    unless vocab
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping,
        "relative term definition without vocab: #{term} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    definition.id = vocab + term
    # log_debug("") {"=> #{definition.id}"}
  end

  @iri_to_term[definition.id] = term if simple_term && definition.id

  if value.key?('@container')
    # log_debug("") {"container_mapping: #{value['@container'].inspect}"}
    definition.container_mapping = check_container(value['@container'], local_context, defined, term)

    # If @container includes @type
    if definition.container_mapping.include?('@type')
      # If definition does not have @type, set @type to @id
      definition.type_mapping ||= '@id'
      # If definition includes @type with a value other than @id or @vocab, an illegal type mapping error has been detected
      unless CONTEXT_TYPE_ID_VOCAB.include?(definition.type_mapping)
        raise JsonLdError::InvalidTypeMapping, "@container: @type requires @type to be @id or @vocab"
      end
    end
  end

  if value.key?('@index')
    # property-based indexing
    unless definition.container_mapping.include?('@index')
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
        "@index without @index in @container: #{value['@index']} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end
    unless value['@index'].is_a?(String) && !value['@index'].start_with?('@')
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
        "@index must expand to an IRI: #{value['@index']} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    definition.index = value['@index'].to_s
  end

  if value.key?('@context')
    begin
      new_ctx = parse(value['@context'],
        base: base,
        override_protected: true,
        remote_contexts: remote_contexts,
        validate_scoped: false)
      # Record null context in array form
      definition.context = case value['@context']
      when String then new_ctx.context_base
      when nil then [nil]
      else value['@context']
      end
      # log_debug("") {"context: #{definition.context.inspect}"}
    rescue JsonLdError => e
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidScopedContext,
        "Term definition for #{term.inspect} contains illegal value for @context: #{e.message}"
    end
  end

  if value.key?('@language')
    language = value['@language']
    language = case value['@language']
    when String
      # Warn on an invalid language tag, unless :validate is true, in which case it's an error
      unless /^[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*$/.match?(value['@language'])
        warn "@language must be valid BCP47: #{value['@language'].inspect}"
      end
      options[:lowercaseLanguage] ? value['@language'].downcase : value['@language']
    when nil
      nil
    else
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidLanguageMapping,
        "language must be null or a string, was #{value['@language'].inspect}} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end
    # log_debug("") {"language_mapping: #{language.inspect}"}
    definition.language_mapping = language || false
  end

  if value.key?('@direction')
    direction = value['@direction']
    unless direction.nil? || %w[
      ltr rtl
    ].include?(direction)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidBaseDirection,
        "direction must be null, 'ltr', or 'rtl', was #{language.inspect}} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    # log_debug("") {"direction_mapping: #{direction.inspect}"}
    definition.direction_mapping = direction || false
  end

  if value.key?('@nest')
    nest = value['@nest']
    unless nest.is_a?(String)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue,
        "nest must be a string, was #{nest.inspect}} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end
    if nest.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/) && nest != '@nest'
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue,
        "nest must not be a keyword other than @nest, was #{nest.inspect}} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    # log_debug("") {"nest: #{nest.inspect}"}
    definition.nest = nest
  end

  if value.key?('@prefix')
    if term.match?(%r{:|/})
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
        "@prefix used on compact or relative IRI term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    case pfx = value['@prefix']
    when TrueClass, FalseClass
      definition.prefix = pfx
    else
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidPrefixValue, "unknown value for '@prefix': #{pfx.inspect} on term #{term.inspect}"
    end

    if pfx && KEYWORDS.include?(definition.id.to_s)
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
        "keywords may not be used as prefixes"
    end
  end

  if !override_protected && previous_definition&.protected?
    if definition != previous_definition
      raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::ProtectedTermRedefinition, "Attempt to redefine protected term #{term}"
    end
    definition = previous_definition
  end

  term_definitions[term] = definition
  defined[term] = true
end

#direction(term) ⇒ String

Retrieve the text direction associated with a term, or the default direction otherwise

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1243

def direction(term)
  term = find_definition(term)
  dir = term&.direction_mapping
  if dir.nil?
    @default_direction
  else
    (dir == false ? nil : dir)
  end
end

#dup ⇒ Object

Duplicate an active context, allowing it to be modified.



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1763

def dup
  that = self
  ec = Context.new(unfrozen: true, **@options)
  ec.context_base = that.context_base
  ec.base = that.base unless that.base.nil?
  ec.default_direction = that.default_direction
  ec.default_language = that.default_language
  ec.previous_context = that.previous_context
  ec.processingMode = that.processingMode if that.instance_variable_get(:@processingMode)
  ec.vocab = that.vocab if that.vocab

  ec.instance_eval do
    @term_definitions = that.term_definitions.dup
    @iri_to_term = that.iri_to_term
  end
  ec
end

#empty? ⇒ Boolean

Initial context, without mappings, vocab or default language

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 861

def empty?
  @term_definitions.empty? && vocab.nil? && default_language.nil?
end

#expand_iri(value, as_string: false, base: nil, defined: nil, documentRelative: false, local_context: nil, vocab: false, **_options) ⇒ RDF::Resource, String

Expand an IRI. Relative IRIs are expanded against any document base.

Parameters:

  • value (String) —

    A keyword, term, prefix:suffix or possibly relative IRI

  • as_string (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    (false) transform RDF::Resource values to string

  • base (String, RDF::URI) (defaults to: nil) —

    for resolving document-relative IRIs

  • defined (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    Used during Context Processing.

  • documentRelative (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    (false)

  • local_context (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    Used during Context Processing.

  • vocab (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    (false)

  • options (Hash{Symbol => Object})

Returns:

  • (RDF::Resource, String) —

    IRI or String, if it’s a keyword

Raises:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1301

def expand_iri(value,
               as_string: false,
               base: nil,
               defined: nil,
               documentRelative: false,
               local_context: nil,
               vocab: false,
               **_options)
  return (value && as_string ? value.to_s : value) unless value.is_a?(String)

  return value if KEYWORDS.include?(value)
  return nil if value.match?(/^@[a-zA-Z]+$/)

  defined ||= {} # if we initialized in the keyword arg we would allocate {} at each invokation, even in the 2 (common) early returns above.

  # If local context is not null, it contains a key that equals value, and the value associated with the key that equals value in defined is not true, then invoke the Create Term Definition subalgorithm, passing active context, local context, value as term, and defined. This will ensure that a term definition is created for value in active context during Context Processing.
  create_term_definition(local_context, value, defined) if local_context&.key?(value) && !defined[value]

  if (v_td = term_definitions[value]) && KEYWORDS.include?(v_td.id)
    return (as_string ? v_td.id.to_s : v_td.id)
  end

  # If active context has a term definition for value, and the associated mapping is a keyword, return that keyword.
  # If vocab is true and the active context has a term definition for value, return the associated IRI mapping.
  if (v_td = term_definitions[value]) && (vocab || KEYWORDS.include?(v_td.id))
    iri = base && v_td.id ? base.join(v_td.id) : v_td.id # vocab might be doc relative
    return (as_string ? iri.to_s : iri)
  end

  # If value contains a colon (:), it is either an absolute IRI or a compact IRI:
  if value[1..].to_s.include?(':')
    prefix, suffix = value.split(':', 2)

    # If prefix is underscore (_) or suffix begins with double-forward-slash (//), return value as it is already an absolute IRI or a blank node identifier.
    if prefix == '_'
      v = RDF::Node.new(namer.get_sym(suffix))
      return (as_string ? v.to_s : v)
    end
    if suffix.start_with?('//')
      v = RDF::URI(value)
      return (as_string ? v.to_s : v)
    end

    # If local context is not null, it contains a key that equals prefix, and the value associated with the key that equals prefix in defined is not true, invoke the Create Term Definition algorithm, passing active context, local context, prefix as term, and defined. This will ensure that a term definition is created for prefix in active context during Context Processing.
    create_term_definition(local_context, prefix, defined) if local_context&.key?(prefix) && !defined[prefix]

    # If active context contains a term definition for prefix, return the result of concatenating the IRI mapping associated with prefix and suffix.
    if (td = term_definitions[prefix]) && !td.id.nil? && td.prefix?
      return (as_string ? td.id.to_s : td.id) + suffix
    elsif RDF::URI(value).absolute?
      # Otherwise, if the value has the form of an absolute IRI, return it
      return (as_string ? value.to_s : RDF::URI(value))
    end
  end

  iri = value.is_a?(RDF::URI) ? value : RDF::URI(value)
  result = if vocab && self.vocab
    # If vocab is true, and active context has a vocabulary mapping, return the result of concatenating the vocabulary mapping with value.
    # Note that @vocab could still be relative to a document base
    (base && self.vocab.is_a?(RDF::URI) && self.vocab.relative? ? base.join(self.vocab) : self.vocab) + value
  elsif documentRelative
    if iri.absolute?
      iri
    elsif self.base.is_a?(RDF::URI) && self.base.absolute?
      self.base.join(iri)
    elsif self.base == false
      # No resollution of `@base: null`
      iri
    elsif base && self.base
      base.join(self.base).join(iri)
    elsif base
      base.join(iri)
    else
      # Returns a relative IRI in an odd case.
      iri
    end
  elsif local_context && iri.relative?
    # If local context is not null and value is not an absolute IRI, an invalid IRI mapping error has been detected and processing is aborted.
    raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIRIMapping, "not an absolute IRI: #{value}"
  else
    iri
  end
  result && as_string ? result.to_s : result
end

#expand_value(property, value, useNativeTypes: false, rdfDirection: nil, base: nil, **_options) ⇒ Hash

If active property has a type mapping in the active context set to @id or @vocab, a JSON object with a single member @id whose value is the result of using the IRI Expansion algorithm on value is returned.

Otherwise, the result will be a JSON object containing an @value member whose value is the passed value. Additionally, an @type member will be included if there is a type mapping associated with the active property or an @language member if value is a string and there is language mapping associated with the active property.

Parameters:

  • property (String) —

    Associated property used to find coercion rules

  • value (Hash, String) —

    Value (literal or IRI) to be expanded

  • useNativeTypes (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    (false) use native representations

  • rdfDirection (Boolean) (defaults to: nil) —

    (nil) decode i18n datatype if i18n-datatype

  • base (String, RDF::URI) (defaults to: nil) —

    for resolving document-relative IRIs

  • options (Hash{Symbol => Object})

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    Object representation of value

Raises:

  • (RDF::ReaderError) —

    if the iri cannot be expanded

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1612

def expand_value(property, value, useNativeTypes: false, rdfDirection: nil, base: nil, **_options)
  td = term_definitions.fetch(property, TermDefinition.new(property))

  # If the active property has a type mapping in active context that is @id, return a new JSON object containing a single key-value pair where the key is @id and the value is the result of using the IRI Expansion algorithm, passing active context, value, and true for document relative.
  if value.is_a?(String) && td.type_mapping == '@id'
    # log_debug("") {"as relative IRI: #{value.inspect}"}
    return { '@id' => expand_iri(value, documentRelative: true, base: base).to_s }
  end

  # If active property has a type mapping in active context that is @vocab, return a new JSON object containing a single key-value pair where the key is @id and the value is the result of using the IRI Expansion algorithm, passing active context, value, true for vocab, and true for document relative.
  if value.is_a?(String) && td.type_mapping == '@vocab'
    return { '@id' => expand_iri(value, vocab: true, documentRelative: true, base: base).to_s }
  end

  case value
  when RDF::URI, RDF::Node
    { '@id' => value.to_s }
  when Date, DateTime, Time
    lit = RDF::Literal.new(value)
    { '@value' => lit.to_s, '@type' => lit.datatype.to_s }
  else
    # Otherwise, initialize result to a JSON object with an @value member whose value is set to value.
    res = {}

    if td.type_mapping && !CONTAINERS_ID_VOCAB.include?(td.type_mapping.to_s)
      res['@type'] = td.type_mapping.to_s
    elsif value.is_a?(String)
      language = language(property)
      direction = direction(property)
      res['@language'] = language if language
      res['@direction'] = direction if direction
    end

    res.merge('@value' => value)
  end
end

#find_definition(term) ⇒ Term

Find a term definition

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (Term) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1149

def find_definition(term)
  term.is_a?(TermDefinition) ? term : term_definitions[term.to_s]
end

#from_vocabulary(graph) ⇒ self

Note:

requires rdf/vocab gem.

Build a context from an RDF::Vocabulary definition.

Examples:

building from an external vocabulary definition


g = RDF::Graph.load("http://schema.org/docs/schema_org_rdfa.html")

context = JSON::LD::Context.new.from_vocabulary(g,
      vocab: "http://schema.org/",
      prefixes: {schema: "http://schema.org/"},
      language: "en")

Parameters:

  • graph (RDF::Queryable)

Returns:

  • (self) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1062

def from_vocabulary(graph)
  require 'rdf/vocab' unless RDF.const_defined?(:Vocab)
  statements = {}
  ranges = {}

  # Add term definitions for each class and property not in schema:, and
  # for those properties having an object range
  graph.each do |statement|
    next if statement.subject.node?

    (statements[statement.subject] ||= []) << statement

    # Keep track of predicate ranges
    if [RDF::RDFS.range, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.rangeIncludes].include?(statement.predicate)
      (ranges[statement.subject] ||= []) << statement.object
    end
  end

  # Add term definitions for each class and property not in vocab, and
  # for those properties having an object range
  statements.each do |subject, values|
    types = values.each_with_object([]) { |v, memo| memo << v.object if v.predicate == RDF.type }
    is_property = types.any? { |t| t.to_s.include?("Property") }

    term = subject.to_s.split(%r{[/\#]}).last

    if is_property
      prop_ranges = ranges.fetch(subject, [])
      # If any range is empty or member of range includes rdfs:Literal or schema:Text
      next if (vocab && prop_ranges.empty?) ||
              prop_ranges.include?(RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Text) ||
              prop_ranges.include?(RDF::RDFS.Literal)

      td = term_definitions[term] = TermDefinition.new(term, id: subject.to_s)

      # Set context typing based on first element in range
      case r = prop_ranges.first
      when RDF::XSD.string
        td.language_mapping = false if default_language
        # FIXME: text direction
      when RDF::XSD.boolean, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Boolean, RDF::XSD.date, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Date,
        RDF::XSD.dateTime, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.DateTime, RDF::XSD.time, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Time,
        RDF::XSD.duration, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Duration, RDF::XSD.decimal, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Number,
        RDF::XSD.float, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Float, RDF::XSD.integer, RDF::Vocab::SCHEMA.Integer
        td.type_mapping = r
        td.simple = false
      else
        # It's an object range (includes schema:URL)
        td.type_mapping = '@id'
      end
    else
      # Ignore if there's a default voabulary and this is not a property
      next if vocab && subject.to_s.start_with?(vocab)

      # otherwise, create a term definition
      td = term_definitions[term] = TermDefinition.new(term, id: subject.to_s)
    end
  end

  self
end

#inspect ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1750

def inspect
  v = %w([Context)
  v << "base=#{base}" if base
  v << "vocab=#{vocab}" if vocab
  v << "processingMode=#{processingMode}" if processingMode
  v << "default_language=#{default_language}" if default_language
  v << "default_direction=#{default_direction}" if default_direction
  v << "previous_context" if previous_context
  v << "term_definitions[#{term_definitions.length}]=#{term_definitions}"
  v.join(" ") + "]"
end

#language(term) ⇒ String

Retrieve the language associated with a term, or the default language otherwise

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1229

def language(term)
  term = find_definition(term)
  lang = term&.language_mapping
  if lang.nil?
    @default_language
  else
    (lang == false ? nil : lang)
  end
end

#merge(context, override_protected: false) ⇒ Context

Merge in a context, creating a new context with updates from ‘context`

Parameters:

  • context (Context)
  • override_protected (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    Allow or disallow protected terms to be changed

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 459

def merge(context, override_protected: false)
  ctx = Context.new(term_definitions: term_definitions, standard_prefixes: options[:standard_prefixes])
  ctx.context_base = context.context_base || context_base
  ctx.default_language = context.default_language || default_language
  ctx.default_direction = context.default_direction || default_direction
  ctx.vocab = context.vocab || vocab
  ctx.base = base unless base.nil?
  unless override_protected
    ctx.term_definitions.each do |term, definition|
      next unless definition.protected? && (other = context.term_definitions[term])
      unless definition == other
        raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::ProtectedTermRedefinition, "Attempt to redefine protected term #{term}"
      end
    end
  end

  # Add term definitions
  context.term_definitions.each do |term, definition|
    ctx.term_definitions[term] = definition
  end
  ctx
end

#nest(term) ⇒ String

Retrieve nest of a term. value of nest must be @nest or a term that resolves to @nest

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (String) —

    Nesting term

Raises:

  • JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue if nesting term exists and is not a term resolving to ‘@nest` in the current context.



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1208

def nest(term)
  term = find_definition(term)
  return unless term

  case term.nest
  when '@nest', nil
  else
    nest_term = find_definition(term.nest)
    unless nest_term && nest_term.id == '@nest'
      raise JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue,
        "nest must a term resolving to @nest, was #{nest_term.inspect}"
    end

  end
  term.nest
end

#parse(local_context, base: nil, override_protected: false, propagate: true, remote_contexts: [], validate_scoped: true) ⇒ Context

Create an Evaluation Context

When processing a JSON-LD data structure, each processing rule is applied using information provided by the active context. This section describes how to produce an active context.

The active context contains the active term definitions which specify how properties and values have to be interpreted as well as the current base IRI, the vocabulary mapping and the default language. Each term definition consists of an IRI mapping, a boolean flag reverse property, an optional type mapping or language mapping, and an optional container mapping. A term definition can not only be used to map a term to an IRI, but also to map a term to a keyword, in which case it is referred to as a keyword alias.

When processing, the active context is initialized without any term definitions, vocabulary mapping, or default language. If a local context is encountered during processing, a new active context is created by cloning the existing active context. Then the information from the local context is merged into the new active context. Given that local contexts may contain references to remote contexts, this includes their retrieval.

Parameters:

  • local_context (String, #read, Array, Hash, Context)
  • base (String, #to_s) (defaults to: nil) —

    The Base IRI to use when expanding the document. This overrides the value of ‘input` if it is a IRI. If not specified and `input` is not an IRI, the base IRI defaults to the current document IRI if in a browser context, or the empty string if there is no document context.

  • override_protected (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    Protected terms may be cleared.

  • propagate (Boolean) (defaults to: true) —

    (true) If false, retains any previously defined term, which can be rolled back when the descending into a new node object changes.

  • remote_contexts (Array<String>) (defaults to: []) —

    ([])

  • validate_scoped (Boolean) (defaults to: true) —

    (true). Validate scoped context, loading if necessary. If false, do not load scoped contexts.

Returns:

Raises:

  • (JsonLdError) —

    on a remote context load error, syntax error, or a reference to a term which is not defined.

See Also:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 243

def parse(local_context,
          base: nil,
          override_protected: false,
          propagate: true,
          remote_contexts: [],
          validate_scoped: true)
  result = dup
  # Early check for @propagate, which can only appear in a local context
  propagate = local_context.is_a?(Hash) ? local_context.fetch('@propagate', propagate) : propagate
  result.previous_context ||= result.dup unless propagate

  local_context = as_array(local_context)

  log_depth do
    local_context.each do |context|
      case context
      when nil, false
        # 3.1 If the `override_protected` is  false, and the active context contains protected terms, an error is raised.
        if override_protected || result.term_definitions.values.none?(&:protected?)
          null_context = Context.new(**options)
          null_context.previous_context = result unless propagate
          result = null_context
        else
          raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContextNullification,
            "Attempt to clear a context with protected terms"
        end
      when Context
        # log_debug("parse") {"context: #{context.inspect}"}
        result = result.merge(context)
      when IO, StringIO
        # log_debug("parse") {"io: #{context}"}
        # Load context document, if it is an open file
        begin
          ctx = load_context(context, **@options)
          if @options[:validate] && ctx['@context'].nil?
            raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext,
              "Context missing @context key"
          end

          result = result.parse(ctx["@context"] || {})
        rescue JSON::ParserError => e
          log_info("parse") { "Failed to parse @context from remote document at #{context}: #{e.message}" }
          if @options[:validate]
            raise JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext,
              "Failed to parse remote context at #{context}: #{e.message}"
          end

          self
        end
      when String, RDF::URI
        # log_debug("parse") {"remote: #{context}, base: #{result.context_base || result.base}"}

        # 3.2.1) Set context to the result of resolving value against the base IRI which is established as specified in section 5.1 Establishing a Base URI of [RFC3986]. Only the basic algorithm in section 5.2 of [RFC3986] is used; neither Syntax-Based Normalization nor Scheme-Based Normalization are performed. Characters additionally allowed in IRI references are treated in the same way that unreserved characters are treated in URI references, per section 6.5 of [RFC3987].
        context = RDF::URI(result.context_base || base).join(context)
        context_canon = context.canonicalize
        context_canon.scheme = 'http' if context_canon.scheme == 'https'

        # If validating a scoped context which has already been loaded, skip to the next one
        next if !validate_scoped && remote_contexts.include?(context.to_s)

        remote_contexts << context.to_s
        raise JsonLdError::ContextOverflow, context.to_s if remote_contexts.length >= MAX_CONTEXTS_LOADED

        cached_context = if PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s]
          # If we have a cached context, merge it into the current context (result) and use as the new context
          # log_debug("parse") {"=> cached_context: #{context_canon.to_s.inspect}"}

          # If this is a Proc, then replace the entry with the result of running the Proc
          if PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s].respond_to?(:call)
            # log_debug("parse") {"=> (call)"}
            PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s] = PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s].call
          end
          PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s].context_base ||= context_canon.to_s
          PRELOADED[context_canon.to_s]
        else
          # Load context document, if it is a string
          Context.cache[context_canon.to_s] ||= begin
            context_opts = @options.merge(
              profile: 'http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context',
              requestProfile: 'http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context',
              base: nil
            )
            # context_opts.delete(:headers)
            JSON::LD::API.loadRemoteDocument(context.to_s, **context_opts) do |remote_doc|
              # 3.2.5) Dereference context. If the dereferenced document has no top-level JSON object with an @context member, an invalid remote context has been detected and processing is aborted; otherwise, set context to the value of that member.
              unless remote_doc.document.is_a?(Hash) && remote_doc.document.key?('@context')
                raise JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext,
                  context.to_s
              end

              # Parse stand-alone
              ctx = Context.new(unfrozen: true, **options).dup
              ctx.context_base = context.to_s
              ctx = ctx.parse(remote_doc.document['@context'], remote_contexts: remote_contexts.dup)
              ctx.context_base = context.to_s # In case it was altered
              ctx.instance_variable_set(:@base, nil)
              ctx
            end
          rescue JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed => e
            log_info("parse") do
              "Failed to retrieve @context from remote document at #{context_canon.inspect}: #{e.message}"
            end
            raise JsonLdError::LoadingRemoteContextFailed, "#{context}: #{e.message}", e.backtrace
          rescue JsonLdError
            raise
          rescue StandardError => e
            log_info("parse") do
              "Failed to retrieve @context from remote document at #{context_canon.inspect}: #{e.message}"
            end
            raise JsonLdError::LoadingRemoteContextFailed, "#{context}: #{e.message}", e.backtrace
          end
        end

        # Merge loaded context noting protected term overriding
        context = result.merge(cached_context, override_protected: override_protected)

        context.previous_context = self unless propagate
        result = context
      when Hash
        context = context.dup # keep from modifying a hash passed as a param

        # This counts on hash elements being processed in order
        {
          '@version' => :processingMode=,
          '@import' => nil,
          '@base' => :base=,
          '@direction' => :default_direction=,
          '@language' => :default_language=,
          '@propagate' => :propagate=,
          '@vocab' => :vocab=
        }.each do |key, setter|
          next unless context.key?(key)

          if key == '@import'
            # Retrieve remote context and merge the remaining context object into the result.
            if result.processingMode("json-ld-1.0")
              raise JsonLdError::InvalidContextEntry,
                "@import may only be used in 1.1 mode}"
            end
            unless context['@import'].is_a?(String)
              raise JsonLdError::InvalidImportValue,
                "@import must be a string: #{context['@import'].inspect}"
            end

            import_loc = RDF::URI(result.context_base || base).join(context['@import'])
            begin
              context_opts = @options.merge(
                profile: 'http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context',
                requestProfile: 'http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context',
                base: nil
              )
              context_opts.delete(:headers)
              # FIXME: should cache this, but ContextCache is for parsed contexts
              JSON::LD::API.loadRemoteDocument(import_loc, **context_opts) do |remote_doc|
                # Dereference import_loc. If the dereferenced document has no top-level JSON object with an @context member, an invalid remote context has been detected and processing is aborted; otherwise, set context to the value of that member.
                unless remote_doc.document.is_a?(Hash) && remote_doc.document.key?('@context')
                  raise JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext,
                    import_loc.to_s
                end

                import_context = remote_doc.document['@context']
                import_context.delete('@base')
                unless import_context.is_a?(Hash)
                  raise JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext,
                    "#{import_context.to_json} must be an object"
                end
                if import_context.key?('@import')
                  raise JsonLdError::InvalidContextEntry,
                    "#{import_context.to_json} must not include @import entry"
                end

                context.delete(key)
                context = import_context.merge(context)
              end
            rescue JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed => e
              raise JsonLdError::LoadingRemoteContextFailed, "#{import_loc}: #{e.message}", e.backtrace
            rescue JsonLdError
              raise
            rescue StandardError => e
              raise JsonLdError::LoadingRemoteContextFailed, "#{import_loc}: #{e.message}", e.backtrace
            end
          else
            result.send(setter, context[key], remote_contexts: remote_contexts)
          end
          context.delete(key)
        end

        defined = {}

        # For each key-value pair in context invoke the Create Term Definition subalgorithm, passing result for active context, context for local context, key, and defined
        context.each_key do |key|
          # ... where key is not @base, @vocab, @language, or @version
          next if NON_TERMDEF_KEYS.include?(key)

          result.create_term_definition(context, key, defined,
            base: base,
            override_protected: override_protected,
            protected: context['@protected'],
            remote_contexts: remote_contexts.dup,
            validate_scoped: validate_scoped)
        end
      else
        # 3.3) If context is not a JSON object, an invalid local context error has been detected and processing is aborted.
        raise JsonLdError::InvalidLocalContext, "must be a URL, JSON object or array of same: #{context.inspect}"
      end
    end
  end
  result
end

#processingMode(expected = nil) ⇒ String

Retrieve, or check processing mode.

  • With no arguments, retrieves the current set processingMode.

  • With an argument, verifies that the processingMode is at least that provided, either as an integer, or a string of the form “json-ld-1.x”

  • If expecting 1.1, and not set, it has the side-effect of setting mode to json-ld-1.1.

Parameters:

  • expected (String, Number) (defaults to: nil) —

    (nil)

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 921

def processingMode(expected = nil)
  case expected
  when 1.0, 'json-ld-1.0'
    @processingMode == 'json-ld-1.0'
  when 1.1, 'json-ld-1.1'
    @processingMode.nil? || @processingMode == 'json-ld-1.1'
  when nil
    @processingMode || 'json-ld-1.1'
  else
    false
  end
end

#processingMode=(value = nil, **_options) ⇒ String

Set processing mode.

  • With an argument, verifies that the processingMode is at least that provided, either as an integer, or a string of the form “json-ld-1.x”

If contex has a @version member, it’s value MUST be 1.1, otherwise an “invalid @version value” has been detected, and processing is aborted. If processingMode has been set, and it is not “json-ld-1.1”, a “processing mode conflict” has been detecting, and processing is aborted.

Parameters:

  • value (String, Number) (defaults to: nil)

Returns:

  • (String)

Raises:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 945

def processingMode=(value = nil, **_options)
  value = "json-ld-1.1" if value == 1.1
  case value
  when "json-ld-1.0", "json-ld-1.1"
    if @processingMode && @processingMode != value
      raise JsonLdError::ProcessingModeConflict, "#{value} not compatible with #{@processingMode}"
    end

    @processingMode = value
  else
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidVersionValue, value.inspect
  end
end

#propagate=(value, **_options) ⇒ Object

Set propagation @note: by the time this is called, the work has already been done.

Parameters:

  • value (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 986

def propagate=(value, **_options)
  if processingMode("json-ld-1.0")
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidContextEntry,
      "@propagate may only be set in 1.1 mode"
  end

  unless value.is_a?(TrueClass) || value.is_a?(FalseClass)
    raise JsonLdError::InvalidPropagateValue,
      "@propagate must be boolean valued: #{value.inspect}"
  end

  value
end

#reverse?(term) ⇒ Boolean

Is this a reverse term

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s) —

    in unexpanded form

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1257

def reverse?(term)
  term = find_definition(term)
  term&.reverse_property
end

#reverse_term(term) ⇒ Term

Given a term or IRI, find a reverse term definition matching that term. If the term is already reversed, find a non-reversed version.

Parameters:

  • term (Term, #to_s)

Returns:

  • (Term) —

    related term definition



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1267

def reverse_term(term)
  # Direct lookup of term
  term = term_definitions[term.to_s] if term_definitions.key?(term.to_s) && !term.is_a?(TermDefinition)

  # Lookup term, assuming term is an IRI
  unless term.is_a?(TermDefinition)
    td = term_definitions.values.detect { |t| t.id == term.to_s }

    # Otherwise create a temporary term definition
    term = td || TermDefinition.new(term.to_s, id: expand_iri(term, vocab: true))
  end

  # Now, return a term, which reverses this term
  term_definitions.values.detect { |t| t.id == term.id && t.reverse_property != term.reverse_property }
end

#serialize(provided_context: nil, **_options) ⇒ Hash

Generate @context

If a context was supplied in global options, use that, otherwise, generate one from this representation.

Parameters:

  • provided_context (Array, Hash, Context, IO, StringIO) (defaults to: nil) —

    (nil) Original context to use, if available

  • options (Hash{Symbol => Object}) —

    ({})

Returns:

  • (Hash) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1010

def serialize(provided_context: nil, **_options)
  # log_debug("serlialize: generate context")
  # log_debug("") {"=> context: #{inspect}"}
  use_context = case provided_context
  when String, RDF::URI
    # log_debug "serlialize: reuse context: #{provided_context.inspect}"
    provided_context.to_s
  when Hash
    # log_debug "serlialize: reuse context: #{provided_context.inspect}"
    # If it has an @context entry use it, otherwise it is assumed to be the body of a context
    provided_context.fetch('@context', provided_context)
  when Array
    # log_debug "serlialize: reuse context: #{provided_context.inspect}"
    provided_context
  when IO, StringIO
    load_context(provided_context, **@options).fetch('@context', {})
  else
    ctx = {}
    ctx['@version'] = 1.1 if @processingMode == 'json-ld-1.1'
    ctx['@base'] = base.to_s if base
    ctx['@direction'] = default_direction.to_s if default_direction
    ctx['@language'] = default_language.to_s if default_language
    ctx['@vocab'] = vocab.to_s if vocab

    # Term Definitions
    term_definitions.each do |term, defn|
      ctx[term] = defn.to_context_definition(self)
    end
    ctx
  end

  # Return hash with @context, or empty
  use_context.nil? || use_context.empty? ? {} : { '@context' => use_context }
end

#set_mapping(term, value) ⇒ TermDefinition

Set term mapping

Parameters:

  • term (#to_s)
  • value (RDF::URI, String, nil)

Returns:



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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1130

def set_mapping(term, value)
  # log_debug("") {"map #{term.inspect} to #{value.inspect}"}
  term = term.to_s
  term_definitions[term] =
    TermDefinition.new(term, id: value, simple: true, prefix: value.to_s.end_with?(*PREFIX_URI_ENDINGS))
  term_definitions[term].simple = true

  term_sym = term.empty? ? "" : term.to_sym
  iri_to_term.delete(term_definitions[term].id.to_s) if term_definitions[term].id.is_a?(String)
  @options[:prefixes][term_sym] = value if @options.key?(:prefixes)
  iri_to_term[value.to_s] = term
  term_definitions[term]
end

#to_rb(*aliases) ⇒ String

Turn this into a source for a new instantiation

Parameters:

  • aliases (Array<String>) —

    Other URLs to alias when preloading

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'lib/json/ld/context.rb', line 1727

def to_rb(*aliases)
  canon_base = RDF::URI(context_base).canonicalize
  defn = []

  defn << "base: #{base.to_s.inspect}" if base
  defn << "language: #{default_language.inspect}" if default_language
  defn << "vocab: #{vocab.to_s.inspect}" if vocab
  defn << "processingMode: #{processingMode.inspect}" if processingMode
  term_defs = term_definitions.map do |term, td|
    "      " + term.inspect + " => " + td.to_rb
  end.sort
  defn << "term_definitions: {\n#{term_defs.join(",\n")}\n    }" unless term_defs.empty?
  %(# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# frozen_string_literal: true
# This file generated automatically from #{context_base}
require 'json/ld'
class JSON::LD::Context
).gsub(/^      /, '') +
    %[  add_preloaded("#{canon_base}") do\n    new(] + defn.join(", ") + ")\n  end\n" +
    aliases.map { |a| %[  alias_preloaded("#{a}", "#{canon_base}")\n] }.join +
    "end\n"
end