Class: LIBUSB::Context

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/libusb/context.rb,
lib/libusb/eventmachine.rb

Overview

Class representing a libusb session.

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: CompletionFlag, EMPollfdHandler, HotplugCallback, Pollfd

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(options = {}) ⇒ Context

Initialize libusb context.

Parameters:

  • options (Hash{Call::Options => Object}) (defaults to: {}) —

    Options are available since libusb-1.0.27

Options Hash (options):

  • :OPTION_LOG_LEVEL (Integer, Symbol) —

    The log Level as a Integer or Symbol. See Call::LogLevels

  • :OPTION_USE_USBDK (nil) —

    Enable the use of USBDK driver. Pass a nil as value like so: OPTION_USE_USBDK: nil

  • :OPTION_NO_DEVICE_DISCOVERY (nil) —

    Disable device discovery for use with libusb_wrap_sys_device(). Pass a nil as value like so: OPTION_NO_DEVICE_DISCOVERY: nil

  • :OPTION_LOG_CB (Proc) —

    Set a context related log callback Proc. It is called with parameters (context, level, logstring).



105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 105

def initialize(options={})
  m = FFI::MemoryPointer.new :pointer
  if options.empty?
    res = Call.libusb_init(m)
    LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_init" if res!=0
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "options require libusb-1.0.27+" unless Call.respond_to?(:libusb_init_context)
    i_opts = options.size
    p_opts = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(Call::InitOption, i_opts)
    options.each_with_index do |(k, v), i|
      opt = Call::InitOption.new(p_opts + i * Call::InitOption.size)
      opt[:option] = k

      ffitype, ffival = LIBUSB.send(:option_args_to_ffi, k, Array(v), self)
      case ffitype
        when NilClass then nil
        when :libusb_log_level then
          opt[:value][:ival] = ffival
        when :libusb_log_cb then
          opt[:value][:log_cbval] = ffival
        else raise ArgumentError, "internal error: unexpected ffitype: #{ffitype.inspect}"
      end
    end
    res = Call.libusb_init_context(m, p_opts, i_opts)
    LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_init_context" if res!=0
  end
  @ctx = m.read_pointer
  @on_pollfd_added = nil
  @on_pollfd_removed = nil
  @hotplug_callbacks = {}

  def @ctx.free_context(id)
    @free_context = true
    if @refs == 0
      # puts "final libusb_exit #{to_i} #{id} #{caller[0]}"
      if id # Is Context is about to be garbage collected?
        # In GC mode there's no way to call the registered collbacks, since they are GC'ed as well.
        # So disable callbacks now.
        if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_set_log_cb)
          Call.libusb_set_log_cb(self, nil, LOG_CB_CONTEXT)
        end
        Call.libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers(self, nil, nil, nil)
      end
      Call.libusb_exit(self)
      @refs = nil
    end
  end
  def @ctx.ref_context
    @refs += 1
    # puts "ref_context #{to_i} #{@refs} #{caller[1]}"
    self
  end
  def @ctx.unref_context
    @refs -= 1
    # puts "unref_context #{to_i} #{@refs}"
    raise "more unref_context than ref_context" if @refs < 0
    free_context(true) if @refs == 0 && @free_context
    self
  end
  def @ctx.setref_context
    @refs = 0
    @free_context = false
  end
  def @ctx.refs
    @refs
  end
  @ctx.setref_context
  ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, @ctx.method(:free_context))
end

Class Method Details

.free_context(id) ⇒ Object 



136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 136

def @ctx.free_context(id)
  @free_context = true
  if @refs == 0
    # puts "final libusb_exit #{to_i} #{id} #{caller[0]}"
    if id # Is Context is about to be garbage collected?
      # In GC mode there's no way to call the registered collbacks, since they are GC'ed as well.
      # So disable callbacks now.
      if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_set_log_cb)
        Call.libusb_set_log_cb(self, nil, LOG_CB_CONTEXT)
      end
      Call.libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers(self, nil, nil, nil)
    end
    Call.libusb_exit(self)
    @refs = nil
  end
end

.ref_context ⇒ Object 



152
153
154
155
156
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 152

def @ctx.ref_context
  @refs += 1
  # puts "ref_context #{to_i} #{@refs} #{caller[1]}"
  self
end

.refs ⇒ Object 



168
169
170
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 168

def @ctx.refs
  @refs
end

.setref_context ⇒ Object 



164
165
166
167
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 164

def @ctx.setref_context
  @refs = 0
  @free_context = false
end

.unref_context ⇒ Object 



157
158
159
160
161
162
163
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 157

def @ctx.unref_context
  @refs -= 1
  # puts "unref_context #{to_i} #{@refs}"
  raise "more unref_context than ref_context" if @refs < 0
  free_context(true) if @refs == 0 && @free_context
  self
end

Instance Method Details

#debug=(level) ⇒ Object

Deprecated.

Use #set_option instead using the :OPTION_LOG_LEVEL option.



184
185
186
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 184

def debug=(level)
  Call.libusb_set_debug(@ctx, level)
end

#devices(filter_hash = {}) ⇒ Array<LIBUSB::Device>

Obtain a list of devices currently attached to the USB system, optionally matching certain criteria.

Examples:

# Return all devices of vendor 0x0ab1 where idProduct is 3 or 4:
context.device idVendor: 0x0ab1, idProduct: [0x0003, 0x0004]

Parameters:

  • filter_hash (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    A number of criteria can be defined in key-value pairs. Only devices that equal all given criterions will be returned. If a criterion is not specified or its value is nil, any device will match that criterion. The following criteria can be filtered:

    • :idVendor, :idProduct (FixNum) for matching vendor/product ID,

    • :bClass, :bSubClass, :bProtocol (FixNum) for the device type - Devices using CLASS_PER_INTERFACE will match, if any of the interfaces match.

    • :bcdUSB, :bcdDevice, :bMaxPacketSize0 (FixNum) for the USB and device release numbers.

    Criteria can also specified as Array of several alternative values.

Returns:



384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 384

def devices(filter_hash={})
  device_list.select do |dev|
    ( !filter_hash[:bClass] || (dev.bDeviceClass==CLASS_PER_INTERFACE ?
                         dev.settings.map(&:bInterfaceClass).&([filter_hash[:bClass]].flatten).any? :
                         [filter_hash[:bClass]].flatten.include?(dev.bDeviceClass))) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:bSubClass] || (dev.bDeviceClass==CLASS_PER_INTERFACE ?
                         dev.settings.map(&:bInterfaceSubClass).&([filter_hash[:bSubClass]].flatten).any? :
                         [filter_hash[:bSubClass]].flatten.include?(dev.bDeviceSubClass))) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:bProtocol] || (dev.bDeviceClass==CLASS_PER_INTERFACE ?
                         dev.settings.map(&:bInterfaceProtocol).&([filter_hash[:bProtocol]].flatten).any? :
                         [filter_hash[:bProtocol]].flatten.include?(dev.bDeviceProtocol))) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:bMaxPacketSize0] || [filter_hash[:bMaxPacketSize0]].flatten.include?(dev.bMaxPacketSize0) ) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:idVendor] || [filter_hash[:idVendor]].flatten.include?(dev.idVendor) ) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:idProduct] || [filter_hash[:idProduct]].flatten.include?(dev.idProduct) ) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:bcdUSB] || [filter_hash[:bcdUSB]].flatten.include?(dev.bcdUSB) ) &&
    ( !filter_hash[:bcdDevice] || [filter_hash[:bcdDevice]].flatten.include?(dev.bcdDevice) )
  end
end

#eventmachine_register ⇒ Object

Register libusb’s file descriptors and timeouts to EventMachine.

Examples:

require 'libusb/eventmachine'
context = LIBUSB::Context.new
EventMachine.run do
  context.eventmachine_register
end

See Also:



34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
 
# File 'lib/libusb/eventmachine.rb', line 34

def eventmachine_register
  @eventmachine_attached_fds = {}
  @eventmachine_timer = nil

  pollfds = self.pollfds
  if pollfds
    pollfds.each do |pollfd|
      eventmachine_add_pollfd(pollfd)
    end

    self.on_pollfd_added do |pollfd|
      eventmachine_add_pollfd(pollfd)
    end

    self.on_pollfd_removed do |pollfd|
      eventmachine_rm_pollfd(pollfd)
    end
  else
    # Libusb pollfd API is not available on this platform.
    # Use simple polling timer, instead:
    EventMachine.add_periodic_timer(0.01) do
      @eventmachine_timer = self.handle_events 0
    end
  end
end

#eventmachine_unregister ⇒ Object 



60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
 
# File 'lib/libusb/eventmachine.rb', line 60

def eventmachine_unregister
  @eventmachine_timer.cancel if @eventmachine_timer
  @eventmachine_attached_fds.each do |fd, watcher|
    watcher.detach
  end

  # Deregister callbacks
  on_pollfd_added
  on_pollfd_removed
end

#exit ⇒ Object

Deinitialize libusb.

Should be called after closing all open devices and before your application terminates.

Raises:



178
179
180
181
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 178

def exit
  raise RemainingReferencesError, "#{@ctx.refs} remaining references to LIBUSB::Context" if @ctx.refs.to_i > 0
  @ctx.free_context nil
end

#handle_events(timeout = nil, completion_flag = nil) ⇒ Object

Handle any pending events in blocking mode.

This method must be called when libusb is running asynchronous transfers. This gives libusb the opportunity to reap pending transfers, invoke callbacks, etc.

If a zero timeout is passed, this function will handle any already-pending events and then immediately return in non-blocking style.

If a non-zero timeout is passed and no events are currently pending, this method will block waiting for events to handle up until the specified timeout. If an event arrives or a signal is raised, this method will return early.

If the parameter completion_flag is used, then after obtaining the event handling lock this function will return immediately if the flag is set to completed. This allows for race free waiting for the completion of a specific transfer. See source of Transfer#submit_and_wait for a use case of completion_flag.

Parameters:

  • timeout (Integer, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    the maximum time (in millseconds) to block waiting for events, or 0 for non-blocking mode

  • completion_flag (Context::CompletionFlag, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    CompletionFlag to check

See Also:



331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 331

def handle_events(timeout=nil, completion_flag=nil)
  if completion_flag && !completion_flag.is_a?(Context::CompletionFlag)
    raise ArgumentError, "completion_flag is not a CompletionFlag"
  end
  if timeout
    timeval = Call::Timeval.new
    timeval.in_ms = timeout
    res = if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_handle_events_timeout_completed)
      Call.libusb_handle_events_timeout_completed(@ctx, timeval, completion_flag)
    else
      Call.libusb_handle_events_timeout(@ctx, timeval)
    end
  else
    res = if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_handle_events_completed)
      Call.libusb_handle_events_completed(@ctx, completion_flag )
    else
      Call.libusb_handle_events(@ctx)
    end
  end
  LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_handle_events" if res<0
end

#interrupt_event_handler ⇒ Object

Interrupt any active thread that is handling events.

This is mainly useful for interrupting a dedicated event handling thread when an application wishes to call #exit.

Available since libusb-1.0.21.

See Also:



361
362
363
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 361

def interrupt_event_handler
  Call.libusb_interrupt_event_handler(@ctx)
end

#next_timeout ⇒ Float?

Determine the next internal timeout that libusb needs to handle.

You only need to use this function if you are calling poll() or select() or similar on libusb’s file descriptors yourself - you do not need to use it if you are calling #handle_events directly.

You should call this function in your main loop in order to determine how long to wait for select() or poll() to return results. libusb needs to be called into at this timeout, so you should use it as an upper bound on your select() or poll() call.

When the timeout has expired, call into #handle_events (perhaps in non-blocking mode) so that libusb can handle the timeout.

This function may return zero. If this is the case, it indicates that libusb has a timeout that has already expired so you should call #handle_events immediately. A return code of nil indicates that there are no pending timeouts.

On some platforms, this function will always returns nil (no pending timeouts). See libusb’s notes on time-based events.

Returns:

  • (Float, nil) —

    the timeout in seconds



454
455
456
457
458
459
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 454

def next_timeout
  timeval = Call::Timeval.new
  res = Call.libusb_get_next_timeout @ctx, timeval
  LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_get_next_timeout" if res<0
  res == 1 ? timeval.in_s : nil
end

#on_hotplug_event(events: HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED | HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT, flags: 0, vendor_id: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY, product_id: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY, dev_class: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY) {|device, event| ... } ⇒ HotplugCallback

Register a hotplug event notification.

Register a callback with the LIBUSB::Context. The callback will fire when a matching event occurs on a matching device. The callback is armed until either it is deregistered with LIBUSB::Context::HotplugCallback#deregister or the supplied block returns :finish to indicate it is finished processing events.

If the flag HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE is passed the callback will be called with a :HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED for all devices already plugged into the machine. Note that libusb modifies its internal device list from a separate thread, while calling hotplug callbacks from #handle_events, so it is possible for a device to already be present on, or removed from, its internal device list, while the hotplug callbacks still need to be dispatched. This means that when using HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE, your callback may be called twice for the arrival of the same device, once from #on_hotplug_event and once from #handle_events; and/or your callback may be called for the removal of a device for which an arrived call was never made.

Since libusb version 1.0.16.

Parameters:

  • args (Hash)

Yield Parameters:

Yield Returns:

  • (Symbol) —

    :finish to deregister the callback, :repeat to receive additional events

Returns:

Raises:



540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 540

def on_hotplug_event(events: HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED | HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT,
                     flags: 0,
                     vendor_id: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
                     product_id: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
                     dev_class: HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
                     &block)

  handle = HotplugCallback.new self, @ctx, @hotplug_callbacks

  block2 = proc do |ctx, pDevice, event, _user_data|
    raise "internal error: unexpected context" unless @ctx==ctx
    dev = Device.new self, pDevice

    blres = block.call(dev, event)

    case blres
    when :finish
      1
    when :repeat
      0
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "hotplug event handler must return :finish or :repeat"
    end
  end

  res = Call.libusb_hotplug_register_callback(@ctx,
              events, flags,
              vendor_id, product_id, dev_class,
              block2, nil, handle)

  LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_hotplug_register_callback" if res<0

  # Avoid GC'ing of the block:
  @hotplug_callbacks[handle[:handle]] = block2

  return handle
end

#on_pollfd_added {|pollfd| ... } ⇒ Object

Register a notification block for file descriptor additions.

This block will be invoked for every new file descriptor that libusb uses as an event source.

To disable the notification callback, execute on_pollfd_added without a block.

Note that file descriptors may have been added even before you register these notifiers (e.g. at #initialize time).

Yield Parameters:

  • pollfd (Pollfd) —

    The added file descriptor is yielded to the block



472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 472

def on_pollfd_added &block
  @on_pollfd_added = if block
    proc do |fd, events, _|
      pollfd = Pollfd.new fd, events
      block.call pollfd
    end
  end
  Call.libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers @ctx, @on_pollfd_added, @on_pollfd_removed, nil
end

#on_pollfd_removed {|pollfd| ... } ⇒ Object

Register a notification block for file descriptor removals.

This block will be invoked for every removed file descriptor that libusb uses as an event source.

To disable the notification callback, execute on_pollfd_removed without a block.

Note that the removal notifier may be called during #exit (e.g. when it is closing file descriptors that were opened and added to the poll set at #initialize time). If you don’t want this, overwrite the notifier immediately before calling #exit.

Yield Parameters:

  • pollfd (Pollfd) —

    The removed file descriptor is yielded to the block



495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 495

def on_pollfd_removed &block
  @on_pollfd_removed = if block
    proc do |fd, _|
      pollfd = Pollfd.new fd
      block.call pollfd
    end
  end
  Call.libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers @ctx, @on_pollfd_added, @on_pollfd_removed, nil
end

#pollfds ⇒ Array<Pollfd>

Retrieve a list of file descriptors that should be polled by your main loop as libusb event sources.

As file descriptors are a Unix-specific concept, this function is not available on Windows and will always return nil.

Returns:

  • (Array<Pollfd>) —

    list of Pollfd objects, nil on error, nil on platforms where the functionality is not available



413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 413

def pollfds
  ppPollfds = Call.libusb_get_pollfds(@ctx)
  return nil if ppPollfds.null?
  offs = 0
  pollfds = []
  while !(pPollfd=ppPollfds.get_pointer(offs)).null?
    pollfd = Call::Pollfd.new pPollfd
    pollfds << Pollfd.new(pollfd[:fd], pollfd[:events])
    offs += FFI.type_size :pointer
  end
  if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_free_pollfds)
    Call.libusb_free_pollfds(ppPollfds)
  else
    Stdio.free(ppPollfds)
  end
  pollfds
end

#set_log_cb(mode) {|context, level, str| ... } ⇒ Object

Set log handler.

libusb will redirect its log messages to the provided method block. libusb supports redirection of per context and global log messages. Log messages sent to the context will be sent to the global log handler too.

If libusb is compiled without message logging or USE_SYSTEM_LOGGING_FACILITY is defined then global callback function will never be called. If ENABLE_DEBUG_LOGGING is defined then per context callback function will never be called.

To disable the log callback, execute set_log_cb without a block.

Available since libusb-1.0.23, LIBUSB_API_VERSION >= 0x01000107

Parameters:

  • mode (Symbol, Integer) —

    mode of callback function operation. Several modes can be selected for a single callback function, see Call::LogCbMode for a description.

Yield Parameters:

  • context (Context, nil) —

    The context which is related to the log message, or nil if it is a global log message.

  • level (Symbol) —

    The log level, see Call::LogLevels for a description.

  • str (String) —

    The log message.

See Also:



269
270
271
272
273
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 269

def set_log_cb(mode, &block)
  cb_proc = wrap_log_cb(block, mode)
  Call.libusb_set_log_cb(@ctx, cb_proc, mode)
  self
end

#set_option(option, *args) ⇒ Object

Set a context related libusb option from the option list.

Parameters:

  • option (Symbol, Fixnum)
  • args —

    Zero or more arguments depending on option

See Also:



215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 215

def set_option(option, *args)
  if Call.respond_to?(:libusb_set_option)
    # Available since libusb-1.0.22
    ffi_args = LIBUSB.send(:option_args_to_ffi, option, args, self)
    res = Call.libusb_set_option(@ctx, option, *ffi_args)
    LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_set_option" if res<0

  else
    # Fallback to deprecated function, if the gem is linked to an older libusb.

    raise ArgumentError, "unknown option #{option.inspect}" unless [:OPTION_LOG_LEVEL, LIBUSB::OPTION_LOG_LEVEL].include?(option)
    Call.libusb_set_debug(@ctx, *args)
  end
end

#set_options(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Convenience function to set context related options in the libusb library.

Use this function to configure any number of options within the library. It takes a Hash the same way as given to #initialize. See also option list.

Parameters:

  • options (Hash{Call::Options => Object}) (defaults to: {}) —

    Option hash

See Also:



238
239
240
241
242
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 238

def set_options(options={})
  options.each do |k, v|
    set_option(k, *Array(v))
  end
end

#wrap_sys_device(dev_io) ⇒ Object 



277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
 
# File 'lib/libusb/context.rb', line 277

def wrap_sys_device(dev_io)
  dev_io = dev_io.is_a?(IO) ? dev_io.fileno : dev_io

  ppHandle = FFI::MemoryPointer.new :pointer
  res = Call.libusb_wrap_sys_device(@ctx, dev_io, ppHandle)
  LIBUSB.raise_error res, "in libusb_wrap_sys_device" if res!=0
  handle = DevHandle.new self, ppHandle.read_pointer
  return handle unless block_given?
  begin
    yield handle
  ensure
    handle.close
  end
end