Class: MIME::Types

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Extended by:
Enumerable
Includes:
Enumerable
Defined in:
lib/mime/types.rb,
lib/mime/types.rb,
lib/mime/types/full.rb,
lib/mime/types/loader.rb,
lib/mime/types/registry.rb,
lib/mime/types/deprecations.rb

Overview

MIME::Types is a registry of MIME types. It is both a class (created with MIME::Types.new) and a default registry (loaded automatically or through interactions with MIME::Types.[] and MIME::Types.type_for).

The Default mime-types Registry

The default mime-types registry is loaded automatically when the library is required (require 'mime/types'), but it may be lazily loaded (loaded on first use) with the use of the environment variable RUBY_MIME_TYPES_LAZY_LOAD having any value other than false. The initial startup is about 14× faster (~10 ms vs ~140 ms), but the registry will be loaded at some point in the future.

The default mime-types registry can also be loaded from a Marshal cache file specific to the version of MIME::Types being loaded. This will be handled automatically with the use of a file referred to in the environment variable RUBY_MIME_TYPES_CACHE. MIME::Types will attempt to load the registry from this cache file (MIME::Type::Cache.load); if it cannot be loaded (because the file does not exist, there is an error, or the data is for a different version of mime-types), the default registry will be loaded from the normal JSON version and then the cache file will be written to the location indicated by RUBY_MIME_TYPES_CACHE. Cache file loads just over 4½× faster (~30 ms vs ~140 ms). loads.

Notes:

  • The loading of the default registry is not atomic; when using a multi-threaded environment, it is recommended that lazy loading is not used and mime-types is loaded as early as possible.

  • Cache files should be specified per application in a multiprocess environment and should be initialized during deployment or before forking to minimize the chance that the multiple processes will be trying to write to the same cache file at the same time, or that two applications that are on different versions of mime-types would be thrashing the cache.

  • Unless cache files are preinitialized, the application using the mime-types cache file must have read/write permission to the cache file.

Usage

require 'mime/types'

plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain']
print plaintext.media_type           # => 'text'
print plaintext.sub_type             # => 'plain'

puts plaintext.extensions.join(" ")  # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'

puts plaintext.encoding              # => 8bit
puts plaintext.binary?               # => false
puts plaintext.ascii?                # => true
puts plaintext.obsolete?             # => false
puts plaintext.registered?           # => true
puts plaintext == 'text/plain'       # => true
puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Columnar Classes: Cache, Container, Loader

Constant Summary collapse

VERSION =

The release version of Ruby MIME::Types

MIME::Type::VERSION

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize ⇒ Types

Creates a new MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 72

def initialize
  @type_variants    = Container.new
  @extension_index  = Container.new
end

Class Method Details

.[](type_id, complete: false, registered: false) ⇒ Object

MIME::Types#[] against the default MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 12

def [](type_id, complete: false, registered: false)
  __types__[type_id, complete: complete, registered: registered]
end

.add(*types) ⇒ Object

MIME::Types#add against the default MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 37

def add(*types)
  __types__.add(*types)
end

.count ⇒ Object

MIME::Types#count against the default MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 17

def count
  __types__.count
end

.deprecated(klass, sym, message = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Used to mark a method as deprecated in the mime-types interface.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/deprecations.rb', line 10

def self.deprecated(klass, sym, message = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
  level = case klass
          when Class, Module
            '.'
          else
            klass = klass.class
            '#'
          end
  message = case message
            when :private, :protected
              "and will be #{message}"
            when nil
              'and will be removed'
            else
              message
            end
  MIME::Types.logger.warn <<-warning.chomp
#{caller[1]}: #{klass}#{level}#{sym} is deprecated #{message}.
  warning
  block.call if block
end

.each ⇒ Object

MIME::Types#each against the default MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 22

def each
  if block_given?
    __types__.each { |t| yield t }
  else
    enum_for(:each)
  end
end

.new ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 5

def new(*) # :nodoc:
  super.tap do |types|
    __instances__.add types
  end
end

.type_for(filename) ⇒ Object Also known as: of

MIME::Types#type_for against the default MIME::Types registry.



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# File 'lib/mime/types/registry.rb', line 31

def type_for(filename)
  __types__.type_for(filename)
end

Instance Method Details

#[](type_id, complete: false, registered: false) ⇒ Object

Returns a list of MIME::Type objects, which may be empty. The optional flag parameters are :complete (finds only complete MIME::Type objects) and :registered (finds only MIME::Types that are registered). It is possible for multiple matches to be returned for either type (in the example below, ‘text/plain’ returns two values – one for the general case, and one for VMS systems).

puts "\nMIME::Types['text/plain']"
MIME::Types['text/plain'].each { |t| puts t.to_a.join(", ") }

puts "\nMIME::Types[/^image/, complete: true]"
MIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true].each do |t|
  puts t.to_a.join(", ")
end

If multiple type definitions are returned, returns them sorted as follows:

1. Complete definitions sort before incomplete ones;
2. IANA-registered definitions sort before LTSW-recorded
   definitions.
3. Current definitions sort before obsolete ones;
4. Obsolete definitions with use-instead clauses sort before those
   without;
5. Obsolete definitions use-instead clauses are compared.
6. Sort on name.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 122

def [](type_id, complete: false, registered: false)
  matches = case type_id
            when MIME::Type
              @type_variants[type_id.simplified]
            when Regexp
              match(type_id)
            else
              @type_variants[MIME::Type.simplified(type_id)]
            end

  prune_matches(matches, complete, registered).sort { |a, b|
    a.priority_compare(b)
  }
end

#add(*types) ⇒ Object

Add one or more MIME::Type objects to the set of known types. If the type is already known, a warning will be displayed.

The last parameter may be the value :silent or true which will suppress duplicate MIME type warnings.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 163

def add(*types)
  quiet = ((types.last == :silent) or (types.last == true))

  types.each do |mime_type|
    case mime_type
    when true, false, nil, Symbol
      nil
    when MIME::Types
      variants = mime_type.instance_variable_get(:@type_variants)
      add(*variants.values.inject(:+).to_a, quiet)
    when Array
      add(*mime_type, quiet)
    else
      add_type(mime_type, quiet)
    end
  end
end

#add_type(type, quiet = false) ⇒ Object

Add a single MIME::Type object to the set of known types. If the type is already known, a warning will be displayed. The quiet parameter may be a truthy value to suppress that warning.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 184

def add_type(type, quiet = false)
  if !quiet and @type_variants[type.simplified].include?(type)
    MIME::Types.logger.warn <<-warning
Type #{type} is already registered as a variant of #{type.simplified}.
    warning
  end

  add_type_variant!(type)
  index_extensions!(type)
end

#count ⇒ Object

Returns the number of known type variants.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 78

def count
  @type_variants.values.inject(0) { |a, e| a + e.size }
end

#each ⇒ Object

Iterates through the type variants.



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 87

def each
  if block_given?
    @type_variants.each_value { |tv| tv.each { |t| yield t } }
  else
    enum_for(:each)
  end
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 82

def inspect # :nodoc:
  "#<#{self.class}: #{count} variants, #{@extension_index.count} extensions>"
end

#of ⇒ Object

Return the list of MIME::Types which belongs to the file based on its filename extension. If there is no extension, the filename will be used as the matching criteria on its own.

This will always return a merged, flatten, priority sorted, unique array.

puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')
  => [application/xml, text/xml]
puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')
  => [image/gif]
puts MIME::Types.type_for(%w(citydesk.xml citydesk.gif))
  => [application/xml, image/gif, text/xml]



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 156

def type_for(filename)
  Array(filename).flat_map { |fn|
    @extension_index[fn.chomp.downcase[/\.?([^.]*?)$/, 1]]
  }.compact.inject(:+).sort { |a, b|
    a.priority_compare(b)
  }
end

#type_for(filename) ⇒ Object

Return the list of MIME::Types which belongs to the file based on its filename extension. If there is no extension, the filename will be used as the matching criteria on its own.

This will always return a merged, flatten, priority sorted, unique array.

puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')
  => [application/xml, text/xml]
puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')
  => [image/gif]
puts MIME::Types.type_for(%w(citydesk.xml citydesk.gif))
  => [application/xml, image/gif, text/xml]



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# File 'lib/mime/types.rb', line 149

def type_for(filename)
  Array(filename).flat_map { |fn|
    @extension_index[fn.chomp.downcase[/\.?([^.]*?)$/, 1]]
  }.compact.inject(:+).sort { |a, b|
    a.priority_compare(b)
  }
end