Class: Nokogiri::XML::Node

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Enumerable, ClassResolver, HTML5::Node, PP::Node, Searchable
Defined in:
lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb,
lib/nokogiri/xml/node/save_options.rb,
ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c

Overview

Nokogiri::XML::Node is the primary API you’ll use to interact with your Document.

Attributes

A Nokogiri::XML::Node may be treated similarly to a hash with regard to attributes. For example:

node = Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment.parse("<a href='#foo' id='link'>link</a>").at_css("a")
node.to_html # => "<a href=\"#foo\" id=\"link\">link</a>"
node['href'] # => "#foo"
node.keys # => ["href", "id"]
node.values # => ["#foo", "link"]
node['class'] = 'green' # => "green"
node.to_html # => "<a href=\"#foo\" id=\"link\" class=\"green\">link</a>"

See the method group entitled Node@Working+With+Node+Attributes for the full set of methods.

Navigation

Nokogiri::XML::Node also has methods that let you move around your tree:

#parent, #children, #next, #previous

Navigate up, down, or through siblings.

See the method group entitled Node@Traversing+Document+Structure for the full set of methods.

Serialization

When printing or otherwise emitting a document or a node (and its subtree), there are a few methods you might want to use:

#content, #text, #inner_text, #to_str

These methods will all **emit plaintext**, meaning that entities will be replaced (e.g., &lt; will be replaced with <), meaning that any sanitizing will likely be un-done in the output.

#to_s, #to_xml, #to_html, #inner_html

These methods will all **emit properly-escaped markup**, meaning that it’s suitable for consumption by browsers, parsers, etc.

See the method group entitled Node@Serialization+and+Generating+Output for the full set of methods.

Searching

You may search this node’s subtree using methods like #xpath and #css.

See the method group entitled Node@Searching+via+XPath+or+CSS+Queries for the full set of methods.

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: SaveOptions

Constant Summary collapse

ELEMENT_NODE =

Element node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#element?

1
ATTRIBUTE_NODE =

Attribute node type

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TEXT_NODE =

Text node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#text?

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CDATA_SECTION_NODE =

CDATA node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#cdata?

4
ENTITY_REF_NODE =

Entity reference node type

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ENTITY_NODE =

Entity node type

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PI_NODE =

PI node type

7
COMMENT_NODE =

Comment node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#comment?

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DOCUMENT_NODE =

Document node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#xml?

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DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE =

Document type node type

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DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE =

Document fragment node type

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NOTATION_NODE =

Notation node type

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HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE =

HTML document node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#html?

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DTD_NODE =

DTD node type

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ELEMENT_DECL =

Element declaration type

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ATTRIBUTE_DECL =

Attribute declaration type

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ENTITY_DECL =

Entity declaration type

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NAMESPACE_DECL =

Namespace declaration type

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XINCLUDE_START =

XInclude start type

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XINCLUDE_END =

XInclude end type

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DOCB_DOCUMENT_NODE =

DOCB document node type

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DECONSTRUCT_KEYS =

:nodoc:

[:name, :attributes, :children, :namespace, :content, :elements, :inner_html].freeze
DECONSTRUCT_METHODS =

:nodoc:

{ attributes: :attribute_nodes }.freeze

Constants included from ClassResolver

ClassResolver::VALID_NAMESPACES

Constants included from Searchable

Searchable::LOOKS_LIKE_XPATH

Constants included from PP::Node

PP::Node::COLLECTIONS

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from ClassResolver

#related_class

Methods included from Searchable

#>, #at, #at_css, #at_xpath, #css, #search, #xpath

Methods included from PP::Node

#inspect, #pretty_print

Constructor Details

#initialize(name, document) ⇒ Node

:call-seq:

new(name, document) -> Nokogiri::XML::Node
new(name, document) { |node| ... } -> Nokogiri::XML::Node

Create a new node with name that belongs to document.

If you intend to add a node to a document tree, it’s likely that you will prefer one of the Nokogiri::XML::Node methods like #add_child, #add_next_sibling, #replace, etc. which will both create an element (or subtree) and place it in the document tree.

Another alternative, if you are concerned about performance, is Nokogiri::XML::Document#create_element which accepts additional arguments for contents or attributes but (like this method) avoids parsing markup.

Parameters

  • name (String)

  • document (Nokogiri::XML::Document) The document to which the the returned node will belong.

Yields

Nokogiri::XML::Node

Returns

Nokogiri::XML::Node



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 126

def initialize(name, document)
  # This is intentionally empty, and sets the method signature for subclasses.
end

Class Method Details

.new(*args) ⇒ Object

:nodoc: documented in lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 2078

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_document_node;
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  VALUE rb_name;
  VALUE rb_document_node;
  VALUE rest;
  VALUE rb_node;

  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &rb_name, &rb_document_node, &rest);

  if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rb_document_node, cNokogiriXmlNode)) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "document must be a Nokogiri::XML::Node");
  }
  if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rb_document_node, cNokogiriXmlDocument)) {
    NOKO_WARN_DEPRECATION("Passing a Node as the second parameter to Node.new is deprecated. Please pass a Document instead, or prefer an alternative constructor like Node#add_child. This will become an error in Nokogiri v1.17.0."); // TODO: deprecated in v1.13.0, remove in v1.17.0
  }
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_document_node, xmlNode, c_document_node);

  c_node = xmlNewNode(NULL, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(rb_name));
  c_node->doc = c_document_node->doc;
  noko_xml_document_pin_node(c_node);

  rb_node = noko_xml_node_wrap(
              klass == cNokogiriXmlNode ? (VALUE)NULL : klass,
              c_node
            );
  rb_obj_call_init(rb_node, argc, argv);

  if (rb_block_given_p()) { rb_yield(rb_node); }

  return rb_node;
}

Instance Method Details

#<<(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Add node_or_tags as a child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls (e.g., root << child1 << child2)

Also see related method add_child.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 292

def <<(node_or_tags)
  add_child(node_or_tags)
  self
end

#<=>(other) ⇒ Object

Compare two Node objects with respect to their Document. Nodes from different documents cannot be compared.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1340

def <=>(other)
  return unless other.is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Node)
  return unless document == other.document

  compare(other)
end

#==(other) ⇒ Object

Test to see if this Node is equal to other



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1330

def ==(other)
  return false unless other
  return false unless other.respond_to?(:pointer_id)

  pointer_id == other.pointer_id
end

#[](name) ⇒ Object Also known as: get_attribute, attr

:call-seq: [](name) → (String, nil)

Fetch an attribute from this node.

⚠ Note that attributes with namespaces cannot be accessed with this method. To access namespaced attributes, use #attribute_with_ns.

Returns

(String, nil) value of the attribute name, or nil if no matching attribute exists

Example

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] # => "large"
child["class"] # => "big wide tall"

Example: Namespaced attributes will not be returned.

⚠ Note namespaced attributes may be accessed with #attribute or #attribute_with_ns

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'>
    <child width:size='broad'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child")["size"] # => nil
doc.at_css("child").attribute("size").value # => "broad"
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/widths").value
# => "broad"



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 587

def [](name)
  get(name.to_s)
end

#[]=(name, value) ⇒ Object Also known as: set_attribute

:call-seq: []=(name, value) → value

Update the attribute name to value, or create the attribute if it does not exist.

⚠ Note that attributes with namespaces cannot be accessed with this method. To access namespaced attributes for update, use #attribute_with_ns. To add a namespaced attribute, see the example below.

Returns

value

Example

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] = "broad"
child.to_html
# => "<child size=\"broad\"></child>"

Example: Add a namespaced attribute.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'>
    <child/>
  </root>
EOF
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] = "broad"
ns = doc.root.namespace_definitions.find { |ns| ns.prefix == "width" }
child.attribute("size").namespace = ns
doc.to_html
# => "<root xmlns:width=\"http://example.com/widths\">\n" +
#    "  <child width:size=\"broad\"></child>\n" +
#    "</root>\n"



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 625

def []=(name, value)
  set(name.to_s, value.to_s)
end

#accept(visitor) ⇒ Object

Accept a visitor. This method calls “visit” on visitor with self.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1324

def accept(visitor)
  visitor.visit(self)
end

#add_child(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Add node_or_tags as a child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method <<.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 184

def add_child(node_or_tags)
  node_or_tags = coerce(node_or_tags)
  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(n) }
  else
    add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(node_or_tags)
  end
  node_or_tags
end

#add_class(names) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: add_class(names) → self

Ensure HTML CSS classes are present on self. Any CSS classes in names that already exist in the “class” attribute are not added. Note that any existing duplicates in the “class” attribute are not removed. Compare with #append_class.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_add("class", names)

See related: #kwattr_add, #classes, #append_class, #remove_class

Parameters

  • names (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be added to the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. Any class names already present will not be added. Any class names not present will be added. If no “class” attribute exists, one is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS class “section”

node                      # => <div></div>
node.add_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div>
node.add_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div> # duplicate not added

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS classes “section” and “header”, via a String argument

Note that the CSS class “section” is not added because it is already present. Note also that the pre-existing duplicate CSS class “section” is not removed.

node                             # => <div class="section section"></div>
node.add_class("section header") # => <div class="section section header"></div>

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS classes “section” and “header”, via an Array argument

node                                  # => <div></div>
node.add_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header"></div>



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 790

def add_class(names)
  kwattr_add("class", names)
end

#add_namespace_definition(rb_prefix, rb_href) ⇒ Object Also known as: add_namespace

:call-seq:

add_namespace_definition(prefix, href) → Nokogiri::XML::Namespace
add_namespace(prefix, href) → Nokogiri::XML::Namespace

:category: Manipulating Document Structure

Adds a namespace definition to this node with prefix using href value, as if this node had included an attribute “xmlns:prefix=href”.

A default namespace definition for this node can be added by passing nil for prefix.

Parameters
Returns

The new Nokogiri::XML::Namespace

Example: adding a non-default namespace definition

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<store><inventory></inventory></store>")
inventory = doc.at_css("inventory")
inventory.add_namespace_definition("automobile", "http://alices-autos.com/")
inventory.add_namespace_definition("bicycle", "http://bobs-bikes.com/")
inventory.add_child("<automobile:tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</automobile:tire>")
doc.to_xml
# => "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" +
#    "<store>\n" +
#    "  <inventory xmlns:automobile=\"http://alices-autos.com/\" xmlns:bicycle=\"http://bobs-bikes.com/\">\n" +
#    "    <automobile:tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</automobile:tire>\n" +
#    "  </inventory>\n" +
#    "</store>\n"

Example: adding a default namespace definition

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<store><inventory><tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</tire></inventory></store>")
doc.at_css("tire").add_namespace_definition(nil, "http://bobs-bikes.com/")
doc.to_xml
# => "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" +
#    "<store>\n" +
#    "  <inventory>\n" +
#    "    <tire xmlns=\"http://bobs-bikes.com/\">Michelin model XGV, size 75R</tire>\n" +
#    "  </inventory>\n" +
#    "</store>\n"



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 466

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_add_namespace_definition(VALUE rb_node, VALUE rb_prefix, VALUE rb_href)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node, element;
  xmlNsPtr c_namespace;
  const xmlChar *c_prefix = (const xmlChar *)(NIL_P(rb_prefix) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(rb_prefix));

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);
  element = c_node ;

  c_namespace = xmlSearchNs(c_node->doc, c_node, c_prefix);

  if (!c_namespace) {
    if (c_node->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
      element = c_node->parent;
    }
    c_namespace = xmlNewNs(element, (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(rb_href), c_prefix);
  }

  if (!c_namespace) {
    return Qnil ;
  }

  if (NIL_P(rb_prefix) || c_node != element) {
    xmlSetNs(c_node, c_namespace);
  }

  return noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_namespace, c_node->doc);
}

#add_next_sibling(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object Also known as: next=

Insert node_or_tags after this Node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method after.

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 324

def add_next_sibling(node_or_tags)
  raise ArgumentError,
    "A document may not have multiple root nodes." if parent&.document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

  add_sibling(:next, node_or_tags)
end

#add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object Also known as: previous=

Insert node_or_tags before this Node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method before.

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 307

def add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags)
  raise ArgumentError,
    "A document may not have multiple root nodes." if parent&.document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

  add_sibling(:previous, node_or_tags)
end

#after(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Insert node_or_tags after this node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method add_next_sibling.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 354

def after(node_or_tags)
  add_next_sibling(node_or_tags)
  self
end

#ancestors(selector = nil) ⇒ Object

Get a list of ancestor Node for this Node. If selector is given, the ancestors must match selector



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1293

def ancestors(selector = nil)
  return NodeSet.new(document) unless respond_to?(:parent)
  return NodeSet.new(document) unless parent

  parents = [parent]

  while parents.last.respond_to?(:parent)
    break unless (ctx_parent = parents.last.parent)

    parents << ctx_parent
  end

  return NodeSet.new(document, parents) unless selector

  root = parents.last
  search_results = root.search(selector)

  NodeSet.new(document, parents.find_all do |parent|
    search_results.include?(parent)
  end)
end

#append_class(names) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: append_class(names) → self

Add HTML CSS classes to self, regardless of duplication. Compare with #add_class.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_append("class", names)

See related: #kwattr_append, #classes, #add_class, #remove_class

Parameters

  • names (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be appended to the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. All class names passed in will be appended to the “class” attribute even if they are already present in the attribute value. If no “class” attribute exists, one is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Append “section” to the node’s CSS “class” attribute

node                         # => <div></div>
node.append_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div>
node.append_class("section") # => <div class="section section"></div> # duplicate added!

Example: Append “section” and “header” to the noded’s CSS “class” attribute, via a String argument

Note that the CSS class “section” is appended even though it is already present

node                                # => <div class="section section"></div>
node.append_class("section header") # => <div class="section section section header"></div>

Example: Append “section” and “header” to the node’s CSS “class” attribute, via an Array argument

node                                     # => <div></div>
node.append_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header"></div>
node.append_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header section header"></div>



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 834

def append_class(names)
  kwattr_append("class", names)
end

#attribute(name) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: attribute(name) → Nokogiri::XML::Attr

:category: Working With Node Attributes

Returns

Attribute (Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node with name name.

⚠ Note that attribute namespaces are ignored and only the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) name is used to find a matching attribute. In case of a simple name collision, only one of the matching attributes will be returned. In this case, you will need to use #attribute_with_ns.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child.attribute("size") # => #<Nokogiri::XML::Attr:0x550 name="size" value="large">
child.attribute("class") # => #<Nokogiri::XML::Attr:0x564 name="class" value="big wide tall">

Example showing that namespaced attributes will not be returned:

⚠ Note that only one of the two matching attributes is returned.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute("size")
# => #(Attr:0x550 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#        prefix = "width",
#        href = "http://example.com/widths"
#        }),
#      value = "broad"
#      })



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 535

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlAttrPtr prop;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  prop = xmlHasProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name));

  if (! prop) { return Qnil; }
  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)prop);
}

#attribute_nodes ⇒ Object

:call-seq: attribute_nodes() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Attr>

:category: Working With Node Attributes

Returns

Attributes (an Array of Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node.

Note that this is the preferred alternative to #attributes when the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) attribute names may collide.

Example:

Contrast this with the colliding-name example from #attributes.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute_nodes
# => [#(Attr:0x550 {
#       name = "size",
#       namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#         prefix = "width",
#         href = "http://example.com/widths"
#         }),
#       value = "broad"
#       }),
#     #(Attr:0x578 {
#       name = "size",
#       namespace = #(Namespace:0x58c {
#         prefix = "height",
#         href = "http://example.com/heights"
#         }),
#       value = "tall"
#       })]



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 586

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute_nodes(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  return noko_xml_node_attrs(c_node);
}

#attribute_with_ns(name, namespace) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: attribute_with_ns(name, namespace) → Nokogiri::XML::Attr

:category: Working With Node Attributes

Returns

Attribute (Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node with matching name and namespace.

  • name (String): the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) name of the attribute

  • namespace (String): the URI of the attribute’s namespace

See related: #attribute

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/widths")
# => #(Attr:0x550 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#        prefix = "width",
#        href = "http://example.com/widths"
#        }),
#      value = "broad"
#      })
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/heights")
# => #(Attr:0x578 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x58c {
#        prefix = "height",
#        href = "http://example.com/heights"
#        }),
#      value = "tall"
#      })



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 638

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute_with_ns(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE namespace)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlAttrPtr prop;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  prop = xmlHasNsProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
                      NIL_P(namespace) ? NULL : (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(namespace));

  if (! prop) { return Qnil; }
  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)prop);
}

#attributes ⇒ Object

:call-seq: attributes() → Hash<String ⇒ Nokogiri::XML::Attr>

Fetch this node’s attributes.

⚠ Because the keys do not include any namespace information for the attribute, in case of a simple name collision, not all attributes will be returned. In this case, you will need to use #attribute_nodes.

Returns

Hash containing attributes belonging to self. The hash keys are String attribute names (without the namespace), and the hash values are Nokogiri::XML::Attr.

Example with no namespaces:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>#(Attr:0x550 { name = "size", value = "large" }),
#     "class"=>#(Attr:0x564 { name = "class", value = "big wide tall" })}

Example with a namespace:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root xmlns:desc='http://example.com/sizes'><child desc:size='large'/></root>")
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>
#      #(Attr:0x550 {
#        name = "size",
#        namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#          prefix = "desc",
#          href = "http://example.com/sizes"
#          }),
#        value = "large"
#        })}

Example with an attribute name collision:

⚠ Note that only one of the attributes is returned in the Hash.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>
#      #(Attr:0x550 {
#        name = "size",
#        namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#          prefix = "height",
#          href = "http://example.com/heights"
#          }),
#        value = "tall"
#        })}



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 684

def attributes
  attribute_nodes.each_with_object({}) do |node, hash|
    hash[node.node_name] = node
  end
end

#before(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Insert node_or_tags before this node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method add_previous_sibling.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 340

def before(node_or_tags)
  add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags)
  self
end

#blank? ⇒ Boolean

Returns

true if the node is an empty or whitespace-only text or cdata node, else false.

Example:

Nokogiri("<root><child/></root>").root.child.blank? # => false
Nokogiri("<root>\t \n</root>").root.child.blank? # => true
Nokogiri("<root><![CDATA[\t \n]]></root>").root.child.blank? # => true
Nokogiri("<root>not-blank</root>").root.child
  .tap { |n| n.content = "" }.blank # => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 666

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_blank_eh(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return (1 == xmlIsBlankNode(node)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse ;
}

#canonicalize(mode = XML::XML_C14N_1_0, inclusive_namespaces = nil, with_comments = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1492

def canonicalize(mode = XML::XML_C14N_1_0, inclusive_namespaces = nil, with_comments = false)
  c14n_root = self
  document.canonicalize(mode, inclusive_namespaces, with_comments) do |node, parent|
    tn = node.is_a?(XML::Node) ? node : parent
    tn == c14n_root || tn.ancestors.include?(c14n_root)
  end
end

#cdata? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a CDATA

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1214

def cdata?
  type == CDATA_SECTION_NODE
end

#child ⇒ Object

:call-seq: child() → Nokogiri::XML::Node

:category: Traversing Document Structure

Returns

First of this node’s children, or nil if there are no children

This is a convenience method and is equivalent to:

node.children.first

See related: #children



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 688

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}

#children ⇒ Object

:call-seq: children() → Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet

:category: Traversing Document Structure

Returns

Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet containing this node’s children.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 708

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_children(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlNodePtr child;
  xmlNodeSetPtr set;
  VALUE document;
  VALUE node_set;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  set = xmlXPathNodeSetCreate(child);

  document = DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);

  if (!child) { return noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document); }

  child = child->next;
  while (NULL != child) {
    xmlXPathNodeSetAddUnique(set, child);
    child = child->next;
  }

  node_set = noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document);

  return node_set;
}

#children=(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Set the content for this Node node_or_tags

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

Also see related method inner_html=



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 385

def children=(node_or_tags)
  node_or_tags = coerce(node_or_tags)
  children.unlink
  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(n) }
  else
    add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(node_or_tags)
  end
end

#classes ⇒ Object

:call-seq: classes() → Array<String>

Fetch CSS class names of a Node.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_values("class")

See related: #kwattr_values, #add_class, #append_class, #remove_class

Returns

The CSS classes (Array of String) present in the Node’s “class” attribute. If the attribute is empty or non-existent, the return value is an empty array.

Example

node         # => <div class="section title header"></div>
node.classes # => ["section", "title", "header"]



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 744

def classes
  kwattr_values("class")
end

#clone(level = 1, new_parent_doc = document) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

clone → Nokogiri::XML::Node
clone(level) → Nokogiri::XML::Node
clone(level, new_parent_doc) → Nokogiri::XML::Node

Clone this node.

Parameters

  • level (optional Integer). 0 is a shallow copy, 1 (the default) is a deep copy.

  • new_parent_doc The new node’s parent Document. Defaults to the the Document of the current node.

Returns

The new Nokogiri::XML::Node



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 162

def clone(level = 1, new_parent_doc = document)
  super().initialize_copy_with_args(self, level, new_parent_doc)
end

#comment? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a Comment

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1209

def comment?
  type == COMMENT_NODE
end

#content ⇒ Object Also known as: inner_text, text, to_str

:call-seq:

content() → String
inner_text() → String
text() → String
to_str() → String
Returns

Contents of all the text nodes in this node’s subtree, concatenated together into a single String.

⚠ Note that entities will always be expanded in the returned String.

See related: #inner_html

Example of how entities are handled:

Note that &lt; becomes < in the returned String.

doc = Nokogiri::XML.fragment("<child>a &lt; b</child>")
doc.at_css("child").content
# => "a < b"

Example of how a subtree is handled:

Note that the <span> tags are omitted and only the text node contents are returned, concatenated into a single string.

doc = Nokogiri::XML.fragment("<child><span>first</span> <span>second</span></child>")
doc.at_css("child").content
# => "first second"



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 770

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_content(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlChar *content;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  content = xmlNodeGetContent(node);
  if (content) {
    VALUE rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(content);
    xmlFree(content);
    return rval;
  }
  return Qnil;
}

#content=(string) ⇒ Object

call-seq:

content=(input)

Set the content of this node to input.

Parameters

  • input (String) The new content for this node. Input is considered to be raw content, and so will be entity-escaped in the final DOM string.

Example

Note how entities are handled:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML::Document.parse(<<~HTML)
  <html>
    <body>
      <div id="first">asdf</div>
      <div id="second">asdf</div>
HTML

text_node = doc.at_css("div#first").children.first
div_node = doc.at_css("div#second")

value = "You &amp; Me"

text_node.content = value
div_node.content = value

doc.css("div").to_html
# => "<div id=\"first\">You &amp;amp; Me</div>
#     <div id=\"second\">You &amp;amp; Me</div>"

For content that is already entity-escaped, use CGI::unescapeHTML to decode it:

text_node.content = CGI::unescapeHTML(value)
div_node.content = CGI::unescapeHTML(value)

doc.css("div").to_html
# => "<div id=\"first\">You &amp; Me</div>
#     <div id=\"second\">You &amp; Me</div>"

See also: #native_content=



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 487

def content=(string)
  self.native_content = encode_special_chars(string.to_s)
end

#create_external_subset(name, external_id, system_id) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

create_external_subset(name, external_id, system_id)

Create an external subset



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 888

static VALUE
create_external_subset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE external_id, VALUE system_id)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  doc = node->doc;

  if (doc->extSubset) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Document already has an external subset");
  }

  dtd = xmlNewDtd(
          doc,
          NIL_P(name)        ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
          NIL_P(external_id) ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(external_id),
          NIL_P(system_id)   ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(system_id)
        );

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}

#create_internal_subset(name, external_id, system_id) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

create_internal_subset(name, external_id, system_id)

Create the internal subset of a document.

doc.create_internal_subset("chapter", "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN", "chapter.dtd")
# => <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN" "chapter.dtd">

doc.create_internal_subset("chapter", nil, "chapter.dtd")
# => <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 855

static VALUE
create_internal_subset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE external_id, VALUE system_id)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  doc = node->doc;

  if (xmlGetIntSubset(doc)) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Document already has an internal subset");
  }

  dtd = xmlCreateIntSubset(
          doc,
          NIL_P(name)        ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
          NIL_P(external_id) ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(external_id),
          NIL_P(system_id)   ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(system_id)
        );

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}

#css_path ⇒ Object

Get the path to this node as a CSS expression



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1284

def css_path
  path.split(%r{/}).filter_map do |part|
    part.empty? ? nil : part.gsub(/\[(\d+)\]/, ':nth-of-type(\1)')
  end.join(" > ")
end

#data_ptr? ⇒ Boolean

:nodoc:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 2286

VALUE
rb_xml_node_data_ptr_eh(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, c_node);
  return c_node ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#deconstruct_keys(keys) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: deconstruct_keys(array_of_names) → Hash

Returns a hash describing the Node, to use in pattern matching.

Valid keys and their values:
- +name+ → (String) The name of this node, or "text" if it is a Text node.
- +namespace+ → (Namespace, nil) The namespace of this node, or nil if there is no namespace.
- +attributes+ → (Array<Attr>) The attributes of this node.
- +children+ → (Array<Node>) The children of this node. 💡 Note this includes text nodes.
- +elements+ → (Array<Node>) The child elements of this node. 💡 Note this does not include text nodes.
- +content+ → (String) The contents of all the text nodes in this node's subtree. See #content.
- +inner_html+ → (String) The inner markup for the children of this node. See #inner_html.

*Example*

  doc = Nokogiri::XML.parse(<<~XML)
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <parent xmlns="http://nokogiri.org/ns/default" xmlns:noko="http://nokogiri.org/ns/noko">
      <child1 foo="abc" noko:bar="def">First</child1>
      <noko:child2 foo="qwe" noko:bar="rty">Second</noko:child2>
    </parent>
  XML

  doc.root.deconstruct_keys([:name, :namespace])
  # => {:name=>"parent",
  #     :namespace=>
  #      #(Namespace:0x35c { href = "http://nokogiri.org/ns/default" })}

  doc.root.deconstruct_keys([:inner_html, :content])
  # => {:content=>"\n" + "  First\n" + "  Second\n",
  #     :inner_html=>
  #      "\n" +
  #      "  <child1 foo=\"abc\" noko:bar=\"def\">First</child1>\n" +
  #      "  <noko:child2 foo=\"qwe\" noko:bar=\"rty\">Second</noko:child2>\n"}

  doc.root.elements.first.deconstruct_keys([:attributes])
  # => {:attributes=>
  #      [#(Attr:0x370 { name = "foo", value = "abc" }),
  #       #(Attr:0x384 {
  #         name = "bar",
  #         namespace = #(Namespace:0x398 {
  #           prefix = "noko",
  #           href = "http://nokogiri.org/ns/noko"
  #           }),
  #         value = "def"
  #         })]}

Since v1.14.0



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1553

def deconstruct_keys(keys)
  requested_keys = DECONSTRUCT_KEYS & keys
  {}.tap do |values|
    requested_keys.each do |key|
      method = DECONSTRUCT_METHODS[key] || key
      values[key] = send(method)
    end
  end
end

#decorate! ⇒ Object

Decorate this node with the decorators set up in this node’s Document



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 168

def decorate!
  document.decorate(self)
end

#default_namespace=(url) ⇒ Object

Adds a default namespace supplied as a string url href, to self. The consequence is as an xmlns attribute with supplied argument were present in parsed XML. A default namespace set with this method will now show up in #attributes, but when this node is serialized to XML an “xmlns” attribute will appear. See also #namespace and #namespace=



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 503

def default_namespace=(url)
  add_namespace_definition(nil, url)
end

#description ⇒ Object

Fetch the Nokogiri::HTML4::ElementDescription for this node. Returns nil on XML documents and on unknown tags.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1251

def description
  return if document.xml?

  Nokogiri::HTML4::ElementDescription[name]
end

#do_xinclude(options = XML::ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML) {|options| ... } ⇒ Object

Do xinclude substitution on the subtree below node. If given a block, a Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions object initialized from options, will be passed to it, allowing more convenient modification of the parser options.

Yields:

  • (options) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 530

def do_xinclude(options = XML::ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML)
  options = Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new(options) if Integer === options
  yield options if block_given?

  # call c extension
  process_xincludes(options.to_i)
end

#document ⇒ Object

:call-seq: document() → Nokogiri::XML::Document

:category: Traversing Document Structure

Returns

Parent Nokogiri::XML::Document for this node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 795

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_document(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);
}

#document? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a Document

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1229

def document?
  is_a?(XML::Document)
end

#dup(level = 1, new_parent_doc = document) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

dup → Nokogiri::XML::Node
dup(level) → Nokogiri::XML::Node
dup(level, new_parent_doc) → Nokogiri::XML::Node

Duplicate this node.

Parameters

  • level (optional Integer). 0 is a shallow copy, 1 (the default) is a deep copy.

  • new_parent_doc (optional Nokogiri::XML::Document) The new node’s parent Document. Defaults to the the Document of the current node.

Returns

The new Nokogiri::XML::Node



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 144

def dup(level = 1, new_parent_doc = document)
  super().initialize_copy_with_args(self, level, new_parent_doc)
end

#each ⇒ Object

Iterate over each attribute name and value pair for this Node.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 710

def each
  attribute_nodes.each do |node|
    yield [node.node_name, node.value]
  end
end

#element? ⇒ Boolean Also known as: elem?

Returns true if this is an Element node

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1265

def element?
  type == ELEMENT_NODE
end

#element_children ⇒ Object Also known as: elements

:call-seq:

element_children() → NodeSet
elements() → NodeSet
Returns

The node’s child elements as a NodeSet. Only children that are elements will be returned, which notably excludes Text nodes.

Example:

Note that #children returns the Text node “hello” while #element_children does not.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div>hello<span>world</span>").at_css("div")
div.element_children
# => [#<Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x50 name="span" children=[#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x3c "world">]>]
div.children
# => [#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x64 "hello">,
#     #<Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x50 name="span" children=[#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x3c "world">]>]



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1113

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_element_children(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlNodePtr child;
  xmlNodeSetPtr set;
  VALUE document;
  VALUE node_set;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlFirstElementChild(node);
  set = xmlXPathNodeSetCreate(child);

  document = DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);

  if (!child) { return noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document); }

  child = xmlNextElementSibling(child);
  while (NULL != child) {
    xmlXPathNodeSetAddUnique(set, child);
    child = xmlNextElementSibling(child);
  }

  node_set = noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document);

  return node_set;
}

#encode_special_chars(string) ⇒ Object

:call-seq: encode_special_chars(string) → String

Encode any special characters in string



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 824

static VALUE
encode_special_chars(VALUE self, VALUE string)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlChar *encoded;
  VALUE encoded_str;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  encoded = xmlEncodeSpecialChars(
              node->doc,
              (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(string)
            );

  encoded_str = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(encoded);
  xmlFree(encoded);

  return encoded_str;
}

#external_subset ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

external_subset()

Get the external subset



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 921

static VALUE
external_subset(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  if (!node->doc) { return Qnil; }

  doc = node->doc;
  dtd = doc->extSubset;

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}

#first_element_child ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

first_element_child() → Node
Returns

The first child Node that is an element.

Example:

Note that the “hello” child, which is a Text node, is skipped and the <span> element is returned.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div>hello<span>world</span>").at_css("div")
div.first_element_child
# => #(Element:0x3c { name = "span", children = [ #(Text "world")] })



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1157

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_first_element_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlFirstElementChild(node);
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}

#fragment(tags) ⇒ Object

Create a DocumentFragment containing tags that is relative to this context node.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1097

def fragment(tags)
  document.related_class("DocumentFragment").new(document, tags, self)
end

#fragment? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a DocumentFragment

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1244

def fragment?
  type == DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE
end

#html? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is an HTML4::Document or HTML5::Document node

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1224

def html?
  type == HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE
end

#inner_html(*args) ⇒ Object

Get the inner_html for this node’s Node#children



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1279

def inner_html(*args)
  children.map { |x| x.to_html(*args) }.join
end

#inner_html=(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Set the content for this Node to node_or_tags.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

⚠ Please note that despite the name, this method will not always parse a String argument as HTML. A String argument will be parsed with the DocumentFragment parser related to this node’s document.

For example, if the document is an HTML4::Document then the string will be parsed as HTML4 using HTML4::DocumentFragment; but if the document is an XML::Document then it will parse the string as XML using XML::DocumentFragment.

Also see related method children=



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 374

def inner_html=(node_or_tags)
  self.children = node_or_tags
end

#internal_subset ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

internal_subset()

Get the internal subset



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 946

static VALUE
internal_subset(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  if (!node->doc) { return Qnil; }

  doc = node->doc;
  dtd = xmlGetIntSubset(doc);

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}

#key?(attribute) ⇒ Boolean Also known as: has_attribute?

Returns true if attribute is set

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1202

static VALUE
key_eh(VALUE self, VALUE attribute)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (xmlHasProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(attribute))) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}

#keys ⇒ Object

Get the attribute names for this Node.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 704

def keys
  attribute_nodes.map(&:node_name)
end

#kwattr_add(attribute_name, keywords) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

kwattr_add(attribute_name, keywords) → self

Ensure that values are present in a keyword attribute.

Any values in keywords that already exist in the Node’s attribute values are not added. Note that any existing duplicates in the attribute values are not removed. Compare with #kwattr_append.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #add_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_append, #kwattr_remove

Parameters

  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be added to the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. Any values already present will not be added. Any values not present will be added. If the named attribute does not exist, it is created.

Returns

self (Nokogiri::XML::Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” in its rel attribute.

Note that duplicates are not added.

node                               # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” and “noreferrer” in its rel attribute, via a String argument.

Note that "nofollow" is not added because it is already present. Note also that the
pre-existing duplicate "nofollow" is not removed.

 node                                          # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow"></a>
 node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow noreferrer") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” and “noreferrer” in its rel attribute, via an Array argument.

node                                               # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", ["nofollow", "noreferrer"]) # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Since v1.11.0



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 967

def kwattr_add(attribute_name, keywords)
  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = (current_kws + (keywords - current_kws)).join(" ")
  set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws)
  self
end

#kwattr_append(attribute_name, keywords) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

kwattr_append(attribute_name, keywords) → self

Add keywords to a Node’s keyword attribute, regardless of duplication. Compare with #kwattr_add.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #append_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_remove

Parameters

  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be added to the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. All values passed in will be appended to the named attribute even if they are already present in the attribute. If the named attribute does not exist, it is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Append “nofollow” to the rel attribute.

Note that duplicates are added.

node                                  # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow"></a>

Example: Append “nofollow” and “noreferrer” to the rel attribute, via a String argument.

Note that “nofollow” is appended even though it is already present.

node                                             # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow noreferrer") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Example: Append “nofollow” and “noreferrer” to the rel attribute, via an Array argument.

node                                                  # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", ["nofollow", "noreferrer"]) # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Since v1.11.0



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1020

def kwattr_append(attribute_name, keywords)
  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = (current_kws + keywords).join(" ")
  set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws)
  self
end

#kwattr_remove(attribute_name, keywords) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

kwattr_remove(attribute_name, keywords) → self

Remove keywords from a keyword attribute. Any matching keywords that exist in the named attribute are removed, including any multiple entries.

If no keywords remain after this operation, or if keywords is nil, the attribute is deleted from the node.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #remove_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_append

Parameters

  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be removed from the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. Any keywords present in the named attribute will be removed. If no keywords remain, or if keywords is nil, the attribute is deleted.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example:

Note that the rel attribute is deleted when empty.

node                                    # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer">link</a>
node.kwattr_remove("rel", "nofollow")   # => <a rel="noreferrer">link</a>
node.kwattr_remove("rel", "noreferrer") # => <a>link</a>

Since v1.11.0



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1063

def kwattr_remove(attribute_name, keywords)
  if keywords.nil?
    remove_attribute(attribute_name)
    return self
  end

  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = current_kws - keywords
  if new_kws.empty?
    remove_attribute(attribute_name)
  else
    set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws.join(" "))
  end
  self
end

#kwattr_values(attribute_name) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

kwattr_values(attribute_name) → Array<String>

Fetch values from a keyword attribute of a Node.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #classes, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_append, #kwattr_remove

Parameters

  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be inspected.

Returns

(Array<String>) The values present in the Node’s attribute_name attribute. If the attribute is empty or non-existent, the return value is an empty array.

Example:

node                      # => <a rel="nofollow noopener external">link</a>
node.kwattr_values("rel") # => ["nofollow", "noopener", "external"]

Since v1.11.0



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 913

def kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  keywordify(get_attribute(attribute_name) || [])
end

#lang ⇒ Object

Searches the language of a node, i.e. the values of the xml:lang attribute or the one carried by the nearest ancestor.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1577

static VALUE
get_lang(VALUE self_rb)
{
  xmlNodePtr self ;
  xmlChar *lang ;
  VALUE lang_rb ;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self_rb, xmlNode, self);

  lang = xmlNodeGetLang(self);
  if (lang) {
    lang_rb = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(lang);
    xmlFree(lang);
    return lang_rb ;
  }

  return Qnil ;
}

#lang= ⇒ Object

Set the language of a node, i.e. the values of the xml:lang attribute.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1556

static VALUE
set_lang(VALUE self_rb, VALUE lang_rb)
{
  xmlNodePtr self ;
  xmlChar *lang ;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self_rb, xmlNode, self);
  lang = (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(lang_rb);

  xmlNodeSetLang(self, lang);

  return Qnil ;
}

#last_element_child ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

last_element_child() → Node
Returns

The last child Node that is an element.

Example:

Note that the “hello” child, which is a Text node, is skipped and the <span>yes</span> element is returned.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div><span>no</span><span>yes</span>skip</div>").at_css("div")
div.last_element_child
# => #(Element:0x3c { name = "span", children = [ #(Text "yes")] })



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1184

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_last_element_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlLastElementChild(node);
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}

#line ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

line() → Integer
Returns

The line number of this Node.

⚠ The CRuby and JRuby implementations differ in important ways!

Semantic differences:

  • The CRuby method reflects the node’s line number in the parsed string

  • The JRuby method reflects the node’s line number in the final DOM structure after corrections have been applied

Performance differences:

  • The CRuby method is O(1) (constant time)

  • The JRuby method is O(n) (linear time, where n is the number of nodes before/above the element in the DOM)

If you’d like to help improve the JRuby implementation, please review these issues and reach out to the maintainers:



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 2040

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_line(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  return LONG2NUM(xmlGetLineNo(c_node));
}

#line=(num) ⇒ Object

Sets the line for this Node. num must be less than 65535.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 2055

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_line_set(VALUE rb_node, VALUE rb_line_number)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  int line_number = NUM2INT(rb_line_number);

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  // libxml2 optionally uses xmlNode.psvi to store longer line numbers, but only for text nodes.
  // search for "psvi" in SAX2.c and tree.c to learn more.
  if (line_number < 65535) {
    c_node->line = (short unsigned)line_number;
  } else {
    c_node->line = 65535;
    if (c_node->type == XML_TEXT_NODE) {
      c_node->psvi = (void *)(ptrdiff_t)line_number;
    }
  }

  return rb_line_number;
}

#matches?(selector) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this Node matches selector

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1090

def matches?(selector)
  ancestors.last.search(selector).include?(self)
end

#namespace ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

namespace() → Namespace
Returns

The Namespace of the element or attribute node, or nil if there is no namespace.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root>
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <foo:third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//first").namespace
# => nil
doc.at_xpath("//xmlns:second", "xmlns" => "http://example.com/child").namespace
# => #(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/child" })
doc.at_xpath("//foo:third", "foo" => "http://example.com/foo").namespace
# => #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" })



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1362

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_namespace(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  if (c_node->ns) {
    return noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_node->ns, c_node->doc);
  }

  return Qnil ;
}

#namespace=(ns) ⇒ Object

Set the default namespace on this node (as would be defined with an “xmlns=” attribute in XML source), as a Namespace object ns. Note that a Namespace added this way will NOT be serialized as an xmlns attribute for this node. You probably want #default_namespace= instead, or perhaps #add_namespace_definition with a nil prefix argument.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 513

def namespace=(ns)
  return set_namespace(ns) unless ns

  unless Nokogiri::XML::Namespace === ns
    raise TypeError, "#{ns.class} can't be coerced into Nokogiri::XML::Namespace"
  end
  if ns.document != document
    raise ArgumentError, "namespace must be declared on the same document"
  end

  set_namespace(ns)
end

#namespace_definitions ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

namespace_definitions() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Namespace>
Returns

Namespaces that are defined directly on this node, as an Array of Namespace objects. The array will be empty if no namespaces are defined on this node.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child" xmlns:unused="http://example.com/unused"/>
    <foo:third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_definitions
# => []
doc.at_xpath("//xmlns:second", "xmlns" => "http://example.com/child").namespace_definitions
# => [#(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/child" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 {
#       prefix = "unused",
#       href = "http://example.com/unused"
#       })]
doc.at_xpath("//foo:third", "foo" => "http://example.com/foo").namespace_definitions
# => [#(Namespace:0x64 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" })]



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1403

static VALUE
namespace_definitions(VALUE rb_node)
{
  /* this code in the mode of xmlHasProp() */
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  xmlNsPtr c_namespace;
  VALUE definitions = rb_ary_new();

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  c_namespace = c_node->nsDef;
  if (!c_namespace) {
    return definitions;
  }

  while (c_namespace != NULL) {
    rb_ary_push(definitions, noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_namespace, c_node->doc));
    c_namespace = c_namespace->next;
  }

  return definitions;
}

#namespace_scopes ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

namespace_scopes() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Namespace>
Returns

Array of all the Namespaces on this node and its ancestors.

See also #namespaces

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root" xmlns:bar="http://example.com/bar">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/root" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]
doc.at_xpath("//child:second", "child" => "http://example.com/child").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x64 { href = "http://example.com/child" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]
doc.at_xpath("//root:third", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x78 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/root" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1454

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_namespace_scopes(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  xmlNsPtr *namespaces;
  VALUE scopes = rb_ary_new();
  int j;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  namespaces = xmlGetNsList(c_node->doc, c_node);
  if (!namespaces) {
    return scopes;
  }

  for (j = 0 ; namespaces[j] != NULL ; ++j) {
    rb_ary_push(scopes, noko_xml_namespace_wrap(namespaces[j], c_node->doc));
  }

  xmlFree(namespaces);
  return scopes;
}

#namespaced_key?(attribute, namespace) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if attribute is set with namespace

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1219

static VALUE
namespaced_key_eh(VALUE self, VALUE attribute, VALUE namespace)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (xmlHasNsProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(attribute),
                   NIL_P(namespace) ? NULL : (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(namespace))) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}

#namespaces ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

namespaces() → Hash<String(Namespace#prefix) ⇒ String(Namespace#href)>

Fetch all the namespaces on this node and its ancestors.

Note that the keys in this hash XML attributes that would be used to define this namespace, such as “xmlns:prefix”, not just the prefix.

The default namespace for this node will be included with key “xmlns”.

See also #namespace_scopes

Returns

Hash containing all the namespaces on this node and its ancestors. The hash keys are the namespace prefix, and the hash value for each key is the namespace URI.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root" xmlns:in_scope="http://example.com/in_scope">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespaces
# => {"xmlns"=>"http://example.com/root",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}
doc.at_xpath("//child:second", "child" => "http://example.com/child").namespaces
# => {"xmlns"=>"http://example.com/child",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}
doc.at_xpath("//root:third", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespaces
# => {"xmlns:foo"=>"http://example.com/foo",
#     "xmlns"=>"http://example.com/root",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1200

def namespaces
  namespace_scopes.each_with_object({}) do |ns, hash|
    prefix = ns.prefix
    key = prefix ? "xmlns:#{prefix}" : "xmlns"
    hash[key] = ns.href
  end
end

#native_content=(input) ⇒ Object

Set the content of this node to input.

Parameters

  • input (String) The new content for this node.

⚠ This method behaves differently depending on the node type. For Text, CDATA, Comment, and ProcessingInstruction nodes, it treats the input as raw content, which means that the final DOM will contain the entity-escaped version of the input (see example below). For Element and Attr nodes, it treats the input as parsed content and expects it to be valid markup that is already entity-escaped.

💡 Use Node#content= for a more consistent API across node types.

Example

Note the behavior differences of this method between Text and Element nodes:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML::Document.parse(<<~HTML)
  <html>
    <body>
      <div id="first">asdf</div>
      <div id="second">asdf</div>
HTML

text_node = doc.at_css("div#first").children.first
div_node = doc.at_css("div#second")

value = "You &amp; Me"

text_node.native_content = value
div_node.native_content = value

doc.css("div").to_html
# => "<div id=\"first\">You &amp;amp; Me</div>
#     <div id=\"second\">You &amp; Me</div>"

See also: #content=



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1532

static VALUE
set_native_content(VALUE self, VALUE content)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child, next ;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  while (NULL != child) {
    next = child->next ;
    xmlUnlinkNode(child) ;
    noko_xml_document_pin_node(child);
    child = next ;
  }

  xmlNodeSetContent(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(content));
  return content;
}

#next_element ⇒ Object

Returns the next Nokogiri::XML::Element type sibling node.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1050

static VALUE
next_element(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = xmlNextElementSibling(node);
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling);
}

#next_sibling ⇒ Object Also known as: next

Returns the next sibling node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1014

static VALUE
next_sibling(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = node->next;
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling) ;
}

#name ⇒ Object Also known as: name

Returns the name for this Node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1642

static VALUE
get_name(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (node->name) {
    return NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(node->name);
  }
  return Qnil;
}

#name=(new_name) ⇒ Object Also known as: name=

Set the name for this Node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1627

static VALUE
set_name(VALUE self, VALUE new_name)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  xmlNodeSetName(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(new_name));
  return new_name;
}

#node_type ⇒ Object Also known as: type

Get the type for this Node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1483

static VALUE
node_type(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return INT2NUM(node->type);
}

#parent ⇒ Object

Get the parent Node for this Node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1609

static VALUE
get_parent(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, parent;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  parent = node->parent;
  if (!parent) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, parent) ;
}

#parent=(parent_node) ⇒ Object

Set the parent Node for this Node



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 493

def parent=(parent_node)
  parent_node.add_child(self)
end

#parse(string_or_io, options = nil) {|options| ... } ⇒ Object

Parse string_or_io as a document fragment within the context of this node. Returns a XML::NodeSet containing the nodes parsed from string_or_io.

Yields:

  • (options) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1105

def parse(string_or_io, options = nil)
  ##
  # When the current node is unparented and not an element node, use the
  # document as the parsing context instead. Otherwise, the in-context
  # parser cannot find an element or a document node.
  # Document Fragments are also not usable by the in-context parser.
  if !element? && !document? && (!parent || parent.fragment?)
    return document.parse(string_or_io, options)
  end

  options ||= (document.html? ? ParseOptions::DEFAULT_HTML : ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML)
  options = Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new(options) if Integer === options
  yield options if block_given?

  contents = if string_or_io.respond_to?(:read)
    string_or_io.read
  else
    string_or_io
  end

  return Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet.new(document) if contents.empty?

  error_count = document.errors.length
  node_set = in_context(contents, options.to_i)

  if document.errors.length > error_count
    raise document.errors[error_count] unless options.recover?

    # TODO: remove this block when libxml2 < 2.13 is no longer supported
    if node_set.empty?
      # libxml2 < 2.13 does not obey the +recover+ option after encountering errors during
      # +in_context+ parsing, and so this horrible hack is here to try to emulate recovery
      # behavior.
      #
      # (Note that HTML4 fragment parsing seems to have been fixed in abd74186, and XML
      # fragment parsing is fixed in 1c106edf. Both are in 2.13.)
      #
      # Unfortunately, this means we're no longer parsing "in context" and so namespaces that
      # would have been inherited from the context node won't be handled correctly. This hack
      # was written in 2010, and I regret it, because it's silently degrading functionality in
      # a way that's not easily prevented (or even detected).
      #
      # I think preferable behavior would be to either:
      #
      # a. add an error noting that we "fell back" and pointing the user to turning off the
      #    +recover+ option
      # b. don't recover, but raise a sensible exception
      #
      # For context and background:
      # - https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/313
      # - https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/2092
      fragment = document.related_class("DocumentFragment").parse(contents)
      node_set = fragment.children
    end
  end

  node_set
end

#path ⇒ Object

Returns the path associated with this Node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1659

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_path(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  xmlChar *c_path ;
  VALUE rval;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  c_path = xmlGetNodePath(c_node);
  if (c_path == NULL) {
    // see https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/2250
    // this behavior is clearly undesirable, but is what libxml <= 2.9.10 returned, and so we
    // do this for now to preserve the behavior across libxml2 versions.
    rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2("?");
  } else {
    rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(c_path);
    xmlFree(c_path);
  }

  return rval ;
}

#pointer_id ⇒ Object

:call-seq: pointer_id() → Integer

Returns

A unique id for this node based on the internal memory structures. This method is used by #== to determine node identity.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 810

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_pointer_id(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  return rb_uint2inum((uintptr_t)(node));
}

#prepend_child(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Add node_or_tags as the first child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method add_child.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 204

def prepend_child(node_or_tags)
  if (first = children.first)
    # Mimic the error add_child would raise.
    raise "Document already has a root node" if document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

    first.__send__(:add_sibling, :previous, node_or_tags)
  else
    add_child(node_or_tags)
  end
end

#previous_element ⇒ Object

Returns the previous Nokogiri::XML::Element type sibling node.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1068

static VALUE
previous_element(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = xmlPreviousElementSibling(node);
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling);
}

#previous_sibling ⇒ Object Also known as: previous

Returns the previous sibling node



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 1032

static VALUE
previous_sibling(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = node->prev;
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling);
}

#processing_instruction? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a ProcessingInstruction node

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1234

def processing_instruction?
  type == PI_NODE
end

#read_only? ⇒ Boolean

Is this a read only node?

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1259

def read_only?
  # According to gdome2, these are read-only node types
  [NOTATION_NODE, ENTITY_NODE, ENTITY_DECL].include?(type)
end

#remove_attribute(name) ⇒ Object Also known as: delete

Remove the attribute named name



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 718

def remove_attribute(name)
  attr = attributes[name].remove if key?(name)
  clear_xpath_context if Nokogiri.jruby?
  attr
end

#remove_class(names = nil) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

remove_class(css_classes) → self

Remove HTML CSS classes from this node. Any CSS class names in css_classes that exist in this node’s “class” attribute are removed, including any multiple entries.

If no CSS classes remain after this operation, or if css_classes is nil, the “class” attribute is deleted from the node.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_remove("class", css_classes)

Also see #kwattr_remove, #classes, #add_class, #append_class

Parameters

  • css_classes (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be removed from the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. Any class names already present will be removed. If no CSS classes remain, the “class” attribute is deleted.

Returns

self (Nokogiri::XML::Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Deleting a CSS class

Note that all instances of the class “section” are removed from the “class” attribute.

node                         # => <div class="section header section"></div>
node.remove_class("section") # => <div class="header"></div>

Example: Deleting the only remaining CSS class

Note that the attribute is removed once there are no remaining classes.

node                         # => <div class="section"></div>
node.remove_class("section") # => <div></div>

Example: Deleting multiple CSS classes

Note that the “class” attribute is deleted once it’s empty.

node                                    # => <div class="section header float"></div>
node.remove_class(["section", "float"]) # => <div class="header"></div>



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 884

def remove_class(names = nil)
  kwattr_remove("class", names)
end

#replace(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Replace this Node with node_or_tags.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method swap.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 405

def replace(node_or_tags)
  raise("Cannot replace a node with no parent") unless parent

  # We cannot replace a text node directly, otherwise libxml will return
  # an internal error at parser.c:13031, I don't know exactly why
  # libxml is trying to find a parent node that is an element or document
  # so I can't tell if this is bug in libxml or not. issue #775.
  if text?
    replacee = Nokogiri::XML::Node.new("dummy", document)
    add_previous_sibling_node(replacee)
    unlink
    return replacee.replace(node_or_tags)
  end

  node_or_tags = parent.coerce(node_or_tags)

  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_previous_sibling(n) }
    unlink
  else
    replace_node(node_or_tags)
  end
  node_or_tags
end

#serialize(*args, &block) ⇒ Object

Serialize Node using options. Save options can also be set using a block.

See also Nokogiri::XML::Node::SaveOptions and Node@Serialization+and+Generating+Output.

These two statements are equivalent:

node.serialize(encoding: 'UTF-8', save_with: FORMAT | AS_XML)

or

node.serialize(encoding: 'UTF-8') do |config|
  config.format.as_xml
end



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1364

def serialize(*args, &block)
  # TODO: deprecate non-hash options, see 46c68ed 2009-06-20 for context
  options = if args.first.is_a?(Hash)
    args.shift
  else
    {
      encoding: args[0],
      save_with: args[1],
    }
  end

  options[:encoding] ||= document.encoding
  encoding = Encoding.find(options[:encoding] || "UTF-8")

  io = StringIO.new(String.new(encoding: encoding))

  write_to(io, options, &block)
  io.string
end

#swap(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

Swap this Node for node_or_tags

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String Containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method replace.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 439

def swap(node_or_tags)
  replace(node_or_tags)
  self
end

#text? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a Text node

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1239

def text?
  type == TEXT_NODE
end

#to_html(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Serialize this Node to HTML

doc.to_html

See Node#write_to for a list of options. For formatted output, use Node#to_xhtml instead.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1391

def to_html(options = {})
  to_format(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_HTML, options)
end

#to_s ⇒ Object

Turn this node in to a string. If the document is HTML, this method returns html. If the document is XML, this method returns XML.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1274

def to_s
  document.xml? ? to_xml : to_html
end

#to_xhtml(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Serialize this Node to XHTML using options

doc.to_xhtml(indent: 5, encoding: 'UTF-8')

See Node#write_to for a list of options



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1412

def to_xhtml(options = {})
  to_format(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XHTML, options)
end

#to_xml(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Serialize this Node to XML using options

doc.to_xml(indent: 5, encoding: 'UTF-8')

See Node#write_to for a list of options



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1401

def to_xml(options = {})
  options[:save_with] ||= SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XML
  serialize(options)
end

#traverse {|_self| ... } ⇒ Object

Yields self and all children to block recursively.

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1317

def traverse(&block)
  children.each { |j| j.traverse(&block) }
  yield(self)
end

#unlink ⇒ Object Also known as: remove

:call-seq:

unlink() → self

Unlink this node from its current context.



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# File 'ext/nokogiri/xml_node.c', line 997

static VALUE
unlink_node(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  xmlUnlinkNode(node);
  noko_xml_document_pin_node(node);
  return self;
}

#value?(value) ⇒ Boolean

Does this Node’s attributes include <value>

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 698

def value?(value)
  values.include?(value)
end

#values ⇒ Object

Get the attribute values for this Node.



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 692

def values
  attribute_nodes.map(&:value)
end

#wrap(node_or_tags) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

wrap(markup) -> self
wrap(node) -> self

Wrap this Node with the node parsed from markup or a dup of the node.

Parameters

  • markup (String) Markup that is parsed and used as the wrapper. This node’s parent, if it exists, is used as the context node for parsing; otherwise the associated document is used. If the parsed fragment has multiple roots, the first root node is used as the wrapper.

  • node (Nokogiri::XML::Node) An element that is ‘#dup`ed and used as the wrapper.

Returns

self, to support chaining.

Also see NodeSet#wrap

Example with a String argument:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML5(<<~HTML)
  <html><body>
    <a>asdf</a>
  </body></html>
HTML
doc.at_css("a").wrap("<div></div>")
doc.to_html
# => <html><head></head><body>
#      <div><a>asdf</a></div>
#    </body></html>

Example with a Node argument:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML5(<<~HTML)
  <html><body>
    <a>asdf</a>
  </body></html>
HTML
doc.at_css("a").wrap(doc.create_element("div"))
doc.to_html
# <html><head></head><body>
#   <div><a>asdf</a></div>
# </body></html>



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 259

def wrap(node_or_tags)
  case node_or_tags
  when String
    context_node = parent || document
    new_parent = context_node.coerce(node_or_tags).first
    if new_parent.nil?
      raise "Failed to parse '#{node_or_tags}' in the context of a '#{context_node.name}' element"
    end
  when Node
    new_parent = node_or_tags.dup
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "Requires a String or Node argument, and cannot accept a #{node_or_tags.class}"
  end

  if parent
    add_next_sibling(new_parent)
  else
    new_parent.unlink
  end
  new_parent.add_child(self)

  self
end

#write_html_to(io, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Write Node as HTML to io with options

See Node#write_to for a list of options



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1469

def write_html_to(io, options = {})
  write_format_to(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_HTML, io, options)
end

#write_to(io, *options) {|config| ... } ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

write_to(io, *options)

Serialize this node or document to io.

Parameters

  • io (IO) An IO-like object to which the serialized content will be written.

  • options (Hash) See below

Options

  • :encoding (String or Encoding) specify the encoding of the output (defaults to document encoding)

  • :indent_text (String) the indentation text (defaults to " ")

  • :indent (Integer) the number of :indent_text to use (defaults to 2)

  • :save_with (Integer) a combination of SaveOptions constants

To save with UTF-8 indented twice:

node.write_to(io, encoding: 'UTF-8', indent: 2)

To save indented with two dashes:

node.write_to(io, indent_text: '-', indent: 2)

Yields:

  • (config) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1440

def write_to(io, *options)
  options = options.first.is_a?(Hash) ? options.shift : {}
  encoding = options[:encoding] || options[0] || document.encoding
  if Nokogiri.jruby?
    save_options = options[:save_with] || options[1]
    indent_times = options[:indent] || 0
  else
    save_options = options[:save_with] || options[1] || SaveOptions::FORMAT
    indent_times = options[:indent] || 2
  end
  indent_text = options[:indent_text] || " "

  # Any string times 0 returns an empty string. Therefore, use the same
  # string instead of generating a new empty string for every node with
  # zero indentation.
  indentation = indent_times.zero? ? "" : (indent_text * indent_times)

  config = SaveOptions.new(save_options.to_i)
  yield config if block_given?

  encoding = encoding.is_a?(Encoding) ? encoding.name : encoding

  native_write_to(io, encoding, indentation, config.options)
end

#write_xhtml_to(io, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Write Node as XHTML to io with options

See Node#write_to for a list of options



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1477

def write_xhtml_to(io, options = {})
  write_format_to(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XHTML, io, options)
end

#write_xml_to(io, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Write Node as XML to io with options

doc.write_xml_to io, :encoding => 'UTF-8'

See Node#write_to for a list of options



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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1487

def write_xml_to(io, options = {})
  options[:save_with] ||= SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XML
  write_to(io, options)
end

#xml? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is an XML::Document node

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb', line 1219

def xml?
  type == DOCUMENT_NODE
end