Class: OpenSSL::X509::Certificate

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c,
lib/openssl/x509.rb,
ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c

Overview

Implementation of an X.509 certificate as specified in RFC 5280. Provides access to a certificate’s attributes and allows certificates to be read from a string, but also supports the creation of new certificates from scratch.

Reading a certificate from a file

Certificate is capable of handling DER-encoded certificates and certificates encoded in OpenSSL’s PEM format.

raw = File.read "cert.cer" # DER- or PEM-encoded
certificate = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new raw

Saving a certificate to a file

A certificate may be encoded in DER format

cert = ...
File.open("cert.cer", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_der }

or in PEM format

cert = ...
File.open("cert.pem", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_pem }

X.509 certificates are associated with a private/public key pair, typically a RSA, DSA or ECC key (see also OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA and OpenSSL::PKey::EC), the public key itself is stored within the certificate and can be accessed in form of an OpenSSL::PKey. Certificates are typically used to be able to associate some form of identity with a key pair, for example web servers serving pages over HTTPs use certificates to authenticate themselves to the user.

The public key infrastructure (PKI) model relies on trusted certificate authorities (“root CAs”) that issue these certificates, so that end users need to base their trust just on a selected few authorities that themselves again vouch for subordinate CAs issuing their certificates to end users.

The OpenSSL::X509 module provides the tools to set up an independent PKI, similar to scenarios where the ‘openssl’ command line tool is used for issuing certificates in a private PKI.

Creating a root CA certificate and an end-entity certificate

First, we need to create a “self-signed” root certificate. To do so, we need to generate a key first. Please note that the choice of “1” as a serial number is considered a security flaw for real certificates. Secure choices are integers in the two-digit byte range and ideally not sequential but secure random numbers, steps omitted here to keep the example concise.

root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048 # the CA's public/private key
root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate
root_ca.serial = 1
root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby CA"
root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed"
root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key
root_ca.not_before = Time.now
root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity
ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new
ef.subject_certificate = root_ca
ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("basicConstraints","CA:TRUE",true))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","keyCertSign, cRLSign", true))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("authorityKeyIdentifier","keyid:always",false))
root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new)

The next step is to create the end-entity certificate using the root CA certificate.

key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048
cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
cert.version = 2
cert.serial = 2
cert.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby certificate"
cert.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA is the issuer
cert.public_key = key.public_key
cert.not_before = Time.now
cert.not_after = cert.not_before + 1 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 1 years validity
ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new
ef.subject_certificate = cert
ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca
cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","digitalSignature", true))
cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false))
cert.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new)

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#newObject #new(string) ⇒ Object



114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 114

static VALUE
ossl_x509_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    BIO *in;
    X509 *x509, *x = DATA_PTR(self);
    VALUE arg;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
	/* create just empty X509Cert */
	return self;
    }
    arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
    in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
    x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(in, &x, NULL, NULL);
    DATA_PTR(self) = x;
    if (!x509) {
	OSSL_BIO_reset(in);
	x509 = d2i_X509_bio(in, &x);
	DATA_PTR(self) = x;
    }
    BIO_free(in);
    if (!x509) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    return self;
}

Instance Method Details

#==(cert2) ⇒ Object

Compares the two certificates. Note that this takes into account all fields, not just the issuer name and the serial number.



694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 694

static VALUE
ossl_x509_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    X509 *a, *b;

    GetX509(self, a);
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cX509Cert))
	return Qfalse;
    GetX509(other, b);

    return !X509_cmp(a, b) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#add_extension(extension) ⇒ Object



658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 658

static VALUE
ossl_x509_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    ext = GetX509ExtPtr(extension);
    if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext - FREE it */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return extension;
}

#check_private_key(key) ⇒ Object

Returns true if key is the corresponding private key to the Subject Public Key Information, false otherwise.



582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 582

static VALUE
ossl_x509_check_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    /* not needed private key, but should be */
    pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_check_private_key(x509, pkey)) {
	ossl_clear_error();
	return Qfalse;
    }

    return Qtrue;
}

#extensionsArray

Returns:

  • (Array)


603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 603

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_extensions(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    int count, i;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
    VALUE ary;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    count = X509_get_ext_count(x509);
    if (count < 0) {
	return rb_ary_new();
    }
    ary = rb_ary_new2(count);
    for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
	ext = X509_get_ext(x509, i); /* NO DUP - don't free! */
	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
    }

    return ary;
}

#extensions=(ary) ⇒ Object



629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 629

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
    long i;

    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
    /* All ary's members should be X509Extension */
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
    }
    GetX509(self, x509);
    while ((ext = X509_delete_ext(x509, 0)))
	X509_EXTENSION_free(ext);
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
	ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
	if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext */
	    ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
	}
    }

    return ary;
}

#initialize_copy(other) ⇒ Object



140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 140

static VALUE
ossl_x509_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    X509 *a, *b, *x509;

    rb_check_frozen(self);
    if (self == other) return self;

    GetX509(self, a);
    GetX509(other, b);

    x509 = X509_dup(b);
    if (!x509) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    DATA_PTR(self) = x509;
    X509_free(a);

    return self;
}

#inspectObject



673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 673

static VALUE
ossl_x509_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE": subject=%+"PRIsVALUE", "
		      "issuer=%+"PRIsVALUE", serial=%+"PRIsVALUE", "
		      "not_before=%+"PRIsVALUE", not_after=%+"PRIsVALUE">",
		      rb_obj_class(self),
		      ossl_x509_get_subject(self),
		      ossl_x509_get_issuer(self),
		      ossl_x509_get_serial(self),
		      ossl_x509_get_not_before(self),
		      ossl_x509_get_not_after(self));
}

#issuerObject



382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 382

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_issuer(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_NAME *name;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if(!(name = X509_get_issuer_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_x509name_new(name);
}

#issuer=(name) ⇒ Object



400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 400

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_issuer_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(issuer))) { /* DUPs name */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return issuer;
}

#not_afterTime

Returns:

  • (Time)


456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 456

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_not_after(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    const ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notAfter(x509))) {
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
}

#not_after=(time) ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time)


474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 474

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_not_after(VALUE self, VALUE time)
{
    X509 *x509;
    ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
    if (!X509_set1_notAfter(x509, asn1time)) {
	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notAfter");
    }
    ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);

    return time;
}

#not_beforeTime

Returns:

  • (Time)


417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 417

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_not_before(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    const ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notBefore(x509))) {
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
}

#not_before=(time) ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time)


435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 435

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_not_before(VALUE self, VALUE time)
{
    X509 *x509;
    ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
    if (!X509_set1_notBefore(x509, asn1time)) {
	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notBefore");
    }
    ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);

    return time;
}

#pretty_print(q) ⇒ Object



182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
# File 'lib/openssl/x509.rb', line 182

def pretty_print(q)
  q.object_group(self) {
    q.breakable
    q.text 'subject='; q.pp self.subject; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'issuer='; q.pp self.issuer; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'serial='; q.pp self.serial; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'not_before='; q.pp self.not_before; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'not_after='; q.pp self.not_after
  }
end

#public_keyObject



495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 495

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_public_key(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509))) { /* adds an reference */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey); /* NO DUP - OK */
}

#public_key=(key) ⇒ Object



513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 513

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
    ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
    if (!X509_set_pubkey(x509, pkey))
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_pubkey");
    return key;
}

#serialInteger

Returns:



294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 294

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_serial(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    return asn1integer_to_num(X509_get_serialNumber(x509));
}

#serial=(integer) ⇒ Integer

Returns:



308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 308

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    X509_set_serialNumber(x509, num_to_asn1integer(num, X509_get_serialNumber(x509)));

    return num;
}

#sign(key, digest) ⇒ self

Returns:

  • (self)


531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 531

static VALUE
ossl_x509_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
    const EVP_MD *md;

    pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_sign(x509, pkey, md)) {
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return self;
}

#signature_algorithmString

Returns:

  • (String)


323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 323

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    BIO *out;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    if (!i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, X509_get0_tbs_sigalg(x509)->algorithm)) {
	BIO_free(out);
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
    str = ossl_membio2str(out);

    return str;
}

#subjectObject



347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 347

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_subject(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_NAME *name;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(name = X509_get_subject_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_x509name_new(name);
}

#subject=(name) ⇒ Object



365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 365

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_subject_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(subject))) { /* DUPs name */
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return subject;
}

#to_derString

Returns:

  • (String)


164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 164

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    VALUE str;
    long len;
    unsigned char *p;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if ((len = i2d_X509(x509, NULL)) <= 0)
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
    if (i2d_X509(x509, &p) <= 0)
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    ossl_str_adjust(str, p);

    return str;
}

#to_pemString Also known as: to_s

Returns:

  • (String)


188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 188

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_pem(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    BIO *out;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(out, x509)) {
	BIO_free(out);
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
    str = ossl_membio2str(out);

    return str;
}

#to_textString

Returns:

  • (String)


212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 212

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_text(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    BIO *out;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    if (!X509_print(out, x509)) {
	BIO_free(out);
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
    str = ossl_membio2str(out);

    return str;
}

#verify(key) ⇒ Object

Verifies the signature of the certificate, with the public key key. key must be an instance of OpenSSL::PKey.



555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 555

static VALUE
ossl_x509_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
    ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
    switch (X509_verify(x509, pkey)) {
      case 1:
	return Qtrue;
      case 0:
	ossl_clear_error();
	return Qfalse;
      default:
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
}

#versionInteger

Returns:



259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 259

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_version(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    return LONG2NUM(X509_get_version(x509));
}

#version=(integer) ⇒ Integer

Returns:



273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 273

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
{
    X509 *x509;
    long ver;

    if ((ver = NUM2LONG(version)) < 0) {
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "version must be >= 0!");
    }
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_version(x509, ver)) {
	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return version;
}