Class: OptionParser

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/optparse.rb,
lib/optparse/kwargs.rb

Overview

–

Developer Documentation (not for RDoc output)

Class tree

  • OptionParser

    front end

  • OptionParser::Switch

    each switches

  • OptionParser::List

    options list

  • OptionParser::ParseError

    errors on parsing

    • OptionParser::AmbiguousOption

    • OptionParser::NeedlessArgument

    • OptionParser::MissingArgument

    • OptionParser::InvalidOption

    • OptionParser::InvalidArgument

      • OptionParser::AmbiguousArgument

Object relationship diagram

+--------------+
| OptionParser |<>-----+
+--------------+       |                      +--------+
                       |                    ,-| Switch |
     on_head -------->+---------------+    /  +--------+
     accept/reject -->| List          |<|>-
                      |               |<|>-  +----------+
     on ------------->+---------------+    `-| argument |
                        :           :        |  class   |
                      +---------------+      |==========|
     on_tail -------->|               |      |pattern   |
                      +---------------+      |----------|
OptionParser.accept ->| DefaultList   |      |converter |
             reject   |(shared between|      +----------+
                      | all instances)|
                      +---------------+

++

OptionParser

New to OptionParser?

See the Tutorial.

Introduction

OptionParser is a class for command-line option analysis. It is much more advanced, yet also easier to use, than GetoptLong, and is a more Ruby-oriented solution.

Features

  1. The argument specification and the code to handle it are written in the same place.

  2. It can output an option summary; you don’t need to maintain this string separately.

  3. Optional and mandatory arguments are specified very gracefully.

  4. Arguments can be automatically converted to a specified class.

  5. Arguments can be restricted to a certain set.

All of these features are demonstrated in the examples below. See #make_switch for full documentation.

Minimal example

require 'optparse'

options = {}
OptionParser.new do |parser|
  parser.banner = "Usage: example.rb [options]"

  parser.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose", "Run verbosely") do |v|
    options[:verbose] = v
  end
end.parse!

p options
p ARGV

Generating Help

OptionParser can be used to automatically generate help for the commands you write:

require 'optparse'

Options = Struct.new(:name)

class Parser
  def self.parse(options)
    args = Options.new("world")

    opt_parser = OptionParser.new do |parser|
      parser.banner = "Usage: example.rb [options]"

      parser.on("-nNAME", "--name=NAME", "Name to say hello to") do |n|
        args.name = n
      end

      parser.on("-h", "--help", "Prints this help") do
        puts parser
        exit
      end
    end

    opt_parser.parse!(options)
    return args
  end
end
options = Parser.parse %w[--help]

#=>
   # Usage: example.rb [options]
   #     -n, --name=NAME                  Name to say hello to
   #     -h, --help                       Prints this help

Required Arguments

For options that require an argument, option specification strings may include an option name in all caps. If an option is used without the required argument, an exception will be raised.

require 'optparse'

options = {}
OptionParser.new do |parser|
  parser.on("-r", "--require LIBRARY",
            "Require the LIBRARY before executing your script") do |lib|
    puts "You required #{lib}!"
  end
end.parse!

Used:

$ ruby optparse-test.rb -r
optparse-test.rb:9:in `<main>': missing argument: -r (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
$ ruby optparse-test.rb -r my-library
You required my-library!

Type Coercion

OptionParser supports the ability to coerce command line arguments into objects for us.

OptionParser comes with a few ready-to-use kinds of type coercion. They are:

  • Date – Anything accepted by Date.parse (need to require optparse/date)

  • DateTime – Anything accepted by DateTime.parse (need to require optparse/date)

  • Time – Anything accepted by Time.httpdate or Time.parse (need to require optparse/time)

  • URI – Anything accepted by URI.parse (need to require optparse/uri)

  • Shellwords – Anything accepted by Shellwords.shellwords (need to require optparse/shellwords)

  • String – Any non-empty string

  • Integer – Any integer. Will convert octal. (e.g. 124, -3, 040)

  • Float – Any float. (e.g. 10, 3.14, -100E+13)

  • Numeric – Any integer, float, or rational (1, 3.4, 1/3)

  • DecimalInteger – Like Integer, but no octal format.

  • OctalInteger – Like Integer, but no decimal format.

  • DecimalNumeric – Decimal integer or float.

  • TrueClass – Accepts ‘+, yes, true, -, no, false’ and defaults as true

  • FalseClass – Same as TrueClass, but defaults to false

  • Array – Strings separated by ‘,’ (e.g. 1,2,3)

  • Regexp – Regular expressions. Also includes options.

We can also add our own coercions, which we will cover below.

Using Built-in Conversions

As an example, the built-in Time conversion is used. The other built-in conversions behave in the same way. OptionParser will attempt to parse the argument as a Time. If it succeeds, that time will be passed to the handler block. Otherwise, an exception will be raised.

require 'optparse'
require 'optparse/time'
OptionParser.new do |parser|
  parser.on("-t", "--time [TIME]", Time, "Begin execution at given time") do |time|
    p time
  end
end.parse!

Used:

$ ruby optparse-test.rb  -t nonsense
... invalid argument: -t nonsense (OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
$ ruby optparse-test.rb  -t 10-11-12
2010-11-12 00:00:00 -0500
$ ruby optparse-test.rb  -t 9:30
2014-08-13 09:30:00 -0400

Creating Custom Conversions

The accept method on OptionParser may be used to create converters. It specifies which conversion block to call whenever a class is specified. The example below uses it to fetch a User object before the on handler receives it.

require 'optparse'

User = Struct.new(:id, :name)

def find_user id
  not_found = ->{ raise "No User Found for id #{id}" }
  [ User.new(1, "Sam"),
    User.new(2, "Gandalf") ].find(not_found) do |u|
    u.id == id
  end
end

op = OptionParser.new
op.accept(User) do |user_id|
  find_user user_id.to_i
end

op.on("--user ID", User) do |user|
  puts user
end

op.parse!

Used:

$ ruby optparse-test.rb --user 1
#<struct User id=1, name="Sam">
$ ruby optparse-test.rb --user 2
#<struct User id=2, name="Gandalf">
$ ruby optparse-test.rb --user 3
optparse-test.rb:15:in `block in find_user': No User Found for id 3 (RuntimeError)

Store options to a Hash

The into option of order, parse and so on methods stores command line options into a Hash.

require 'optparse'

options = {}
OptionParser.new do |parser|
  parser.on('-a')
  parser.on('-b NUM', Integer)
  parser.on('-v', '--verbose')
end.parse!(into: options)

p options

Used:

$ ruby optparse-test.rb -a
{:a=>true}
$ ruby optparse-test.rb -a -v
{:a=>true, :verbose=>true}
$ ruby optparse-test.rb -a -b 100
{:a=>true, :b=>100}

Complete example

The following example is a complete Ruby program. You can run it and see the effect of specifying various options. This is probably the best way to learn the features of optparse.

require 'optparse'
require 'optparse/time'
require 'ostruct'
require 'pp'

class OptparseExample
  Version = '1.0.0'

  CODES = %w[iso-2022-jp shift_jis euc-jp utf8 binary]
  CODE_ALIASES = { "jis" => "iso-2022-jp", "sjis" => "shift_jis" }

  class ScriptOptions
    attr_accessor :library, :inplace, :encoding, :transfer_type,
                  :verbose, :extension, :delay, :time, :record_separator,
                  :list

    def initialize
      self.library = []
      self.inplace = false
      self.encoding = "utf8"
      self.transfer_type = :auto
      self.verbose = false
    end

    def define_options(parser)
      parser.banner = "Usage: example.rb [options]"
      parser.separator ""
      parser.separator "Specific options:"

      # add additional options
      perform_inplace_option(parser)
      delay_execution_option(parser)
      execute_at_time_option(parser)
      specify_record_separator_option(parser)
      list_example_option(parser)
      specify_encoding_option(parser)
      optional_option_argument_with_keyword_completion_option(parser)
      boolean_verbose_option(parser)

      parser.separator ""
      parser.separator "Common options:"
      # No argument, shows at tail.  This will print an options summary.
      # Try it and see!
      parser.on_tail("-h", "--help", "Show this message") do
        puts parser
        exit
      end
      # Another typical switch to print the version.
      parser.on_tail("--version", "Show version") do
        puts Version
        exit
      end
    end

    def perform_inplace_option(parser)
      # Specifies an optional option argument
      parser.on("-i", "--inplace [EXTENSION]",
                "Edit ARGV files in place",
                "(make backup if EXTENSION supplied)") do |ext|
        self.inplace = true
        self.extension = ext || ''
        self.extension.sub!(/\A\.?(?=.)/, ".")  # Ensure extension begins with dot.
      end
    end

    def delay_execution_option(parser)
      # Cast 'delay' argument to a Float.
      parser.on("--delay N", Float, "Delay N seconds before executing") do |n|
        self.delay = n
      end
    end

    def execute_at_time_option(parser)
      # Cast 'time' argument to a Time object.
      parser.on("-t", "--time [TIME]", Time, "Begin execution at given time") do |time|
        self.time = time
      end
    end

    def specify_record_separator_option(parser)
      # Cast to octal integer.
      parser.on("-F", "--irs [OCTAL]", OptionParser::OctalInteger,
                "Specify record separator (default \\0)") do |rs|
        self.record_separator = rs
      end
    end

    def list_example_option(parser)
      # List of arguments.
      parser.on("--list x,y,z", Array, "Example 'list' of arguments") do |list|
        self.list = list
      end
    end

    def specify_encoding_option(parser)
      # Keyword completion.  We are specifying a specific set of arguments (CODES
      # and CODE_ALIASES - notice the latter is a Hash), and the user may provide
      # the shortest unambiguous text.
      code_list = (CODE_ALIASES.keys + CODES).join(', ')
      parser.on("--code CODE", CODES, CODE_ALIASES, "Select encoding",
                "(#{code_list})") do |encoding|
        self.encoding = encoding
      end
    end

    def optional_option_argument_with_keyword_completion_option(parser)
      # Optional '--type' option argument with keyword completion.
      parser.on("--type [TYPE]", [:text, :binary, :auto],
                "Select transfer type (text, binary, auto)") do |t|
        self.transfer_type = t
      end
    end

    def boolean_verbose_option(parser)
      # Boolean switch.
      parser.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose", "Run verbosely") do |v|
        self.verbose = v
      end
    end
  end

  #
  # Return a structure describing the options.
  #
  def parse(args)
    # The options specified on the command line will be collected in
    # *options*.

    @options = ScriptOptions.new
    @args = OptionParser.new do |parser|
      @options.define_options(parser)
      parser.parse!(args)
    end
    @options
  end

  attr_reader :parser, :options
end  # class OptparseExample

example = OptparseExample.new
options = example.parse(ARGV)
pp options # example.options
pp ARGV

Shell Completion

For modern shells (e.g. bash, zsh, etc.), you can use shell completion for command line options.

Further documentation

The above examples, along with the accompanying Tutorial, should be enough to learn how to use this class. If you have any questions, file a ticket at bugs.ruby-lang.org.

Direct Known Subclasses

AC

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Acceptables, Arguable, Completion Classes: AC, AmbiguousArgument, AmbiguousOption, CompletingHash, InvalidArgument, InvalidOption, List, MissingArgument, NeedlessArgument, OptionMap, ParseError, Switch

Constant Summary collapse

Version =

The version string

"0.6.0"
NoArgument =

:stopdoc:

[NO_ARGUMENT = :NONE, nil].freeze
RequiredArgument = 
[REQUIRED_ARGUMENT = :REQUIRED, true].freeze
OptionalArgument = 
[OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT = :OPTIONAL, false].freeze
ArgumentStyle =

Enumeration of acceptable argument styles. Possible values are:

NO_ARGUMENT

The switch takes no arguments. (:NONE)

REQUIRED_ARGUMENT

The switch requires an argument. (:REQUIRED)

OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT

The switch requires an optional argument. (:OPTIONAL)

Use like –switch=argument (long style) or -Xargument (short style). For short style, only portion matched to argument pattern is treated as argument.

{}
DefaultList =

Switches common used such as ‘–’, and also provides default argument classes

List.new
COMPSYS_HEADER =

:nodoc:

<<'XXX'      # :nodoc:

typeset -A opt_args
local context state line

_argume
Officious =

Default options for ARGV, which never appear in option summary.

{}
SPLAT_PROC =

:nodoc:

proc {|*a| a.length <= 1 ? a.first : a}
DecimalInteger =

Decimal integer format, to be converted to Integer.

/\A[-+]?#{decimal}\z/io
OctalInteger =

Ruby/C like octal/hexadecimal/binary integer format, to be converted to Integer.

/\A[-+]?(?:[0-7]+(?:_[0-7]+)*|0(?:#{binary}|#{hex}))\z/io
DecimalNumeric =

Decimal integer/float number format, to be converted to Integer for integer format, Float for float format.

floatpat

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(banner = nil, width = 32, indent = ' ' * 4) {|_self| ... } ⇒ OptionParser

Initializes the instance and yields itself if called with a block.

banner

Banner message.

width

Summary width.

indent

Summary indent.

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:

  • _self (OptionParser) —

    the object that the method was called on



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1178

def initialize(banner = nil, width = 32, indent = ' ' * 4)
  @stack = [DefaultList, List.new, List.new]
  @program_name = nil
  @banner = banner
  @summary_width = width
  @summary_indent = indent
  @default_argv = ARGV
  @require_exact = false
  @raise_unknown = true
  add_officious
  yield self if block_given?
end

Instance Attribute Details

Heading banner preceding summary.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1278

def banner
  unless @banner
    @banner = +"Usage: #{program_name} [options]"
    visit(:add_banner, @banner)
  end
  @banner
end

#default_argv ⇒ Object

Strings to be parsed in default.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1266

def default_argv
  @default_argv
end

#program_name ⇒ Object

Program name to be emitted in error message and default banner, defaults to $0.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1290

def program_name
  @program_name || File.basename($0, '.*')
end

#raise_unknown ⇒ Object

Whether to raise at unknown option.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1273

def raise_unknown
  @raise_unknown
end

#release ⇒ Object

Release code



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1315

def release
  (defined?(@release) && @release) || (defined?(::Release) && ::Release) || (defined?(::RELEASE) && ::RELEASE)
end

#require_exact ⇒ Object

Whether to require that options match exactly (disallows providing abbreviated long option as short option).



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1270

def require_exact
  @require_exact
end

#summary_indent ⇒ Object

Indentation for summary. Must be String (or have + String method).



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1263

def summary_indent
  @summary_indent
end

#summary_width ⇒ Object

Width for option list portion of summary. Must be Numeric.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1260

def summary_width
  @summary_width
end

#version ⇒ Object

Version



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1308

def version
  (defined?(@version) && @version) || (defined?(::Version) && ::Version)
end

Class Method Details

.accept(*args, &blk) ⇒ Object

See #accept.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1233

def self.accept(*args, &blk) top.accept(*args, &blk) end

.each_const(path, base = ::Object) ⇒ Object

:stopdoc:



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# File 'lib/optparse/version.rb', line 57

def each_const(path, base = ::Object)
  path.split(/::|\//).inject(base) do |klass, name|
    raise NameError, path unless Module === klass
    klass.constants.grep(/#{name}/i) do |c|
      klass.const_defined?(c) or next
      klass.const_get(c)
    end
  end
end

.getopts(*args, symbolize_names: false) ⇒ Object

See #getopts.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1913

def self.getopts(*args, symbolize_names: false)
  new.getopts(*args, symbolize_names: symbolize_names)
end

.inc(arg, default = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns an incremented value of default according to arg.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1155

def self.inc(arg, default = nil)
  case arg
  when Integer
    arg.nonzero?
  when nil
    default.to_i + 1
  end
end

.reject(*args, &blk) ⇒ Object

See #reject.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1246

def self.reject(*args, &blk) top.reject(*args, &blk) end

.search_const(klass, name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/optparse/version.rb', line 67

def search_const(klass, name)
  klasses = [klass]
  while klass = klasses.shift
    klass.constants.each do |cname|
      klass.const_defined?(cname) or next
      const = klass.const_get(cname)
      yield klass, cname, const if name === cname
      klasses << const if Module === const and const != ::Object
    end
  end
end

.show_version(*pkgs) ⇒ Object

Shows version string in packages if Version is defined.

pkgs

package list



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# File 'lib/optparse/version.rb', line 10

def show_version(*pkgs)
  progname = ARGV.options.program_name
  result = false
  show = proc do |klass, cname, version|
    str = "#{progname}"
    unless klass == ::Object and cname == :VERSION
      version = version.join(".") if Array === version
      str << ": #{klass}" unless klass == Object
      str << " version #{version}"
    end
    [:Release, :RELEASE].find do |rel|
      if klass.const_defined?(rel)
        str << " (#{klass.const_get(rel)})"
      end
    end
    puts str
    result = true
  end
  if pkgs.size == 1 and pkgs[0] == "all"
    self.search_const(::Object, /\AV(?:ERSION|ersion)\z/) do |klass, cname, version|
      unless cname[1] == ?e and klass.const_defined?(:Version)
        show.call(klass, cname.intern, version)
      end
    end
  else
    pkgs.each do |pkg|
      begin
        pkg = pkg.split(/::|\//).inject(::Object) {|m, c| m.const_get(c)}
        v = case
            when pkg.const_defined?(:Version)
              pkg.const_get(n = :Version)
            when pkg.const_defined?(:VERSION)
              pkg.const_get(n = :VERSION)
            else
              n = nil
              "unknown"
            end
        show.call(pkg, n, v)
      rescue NameError
      end
    end
  end
  result
end

.terminate(arg = nil) ⇒ Object

See #terminate.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1208

def self.terminate(arg = nil)
  throw :terminate, arg
end

.top ⇒ Object

Returns the global top option list.

Do not use directly.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1218

def self.top() DefaultList end

.with(*args, &block) ⇒ Object

Initializes a new instance and evaluates the optional block in context of the instance. Arguments args are passed to #new, see there for description of parameters.

This method is deprecated, its behavior corresponds to the older #new method.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1146

def self.with(*args, &block)
  opts = new(*args)
  opts.instance_eval(&block)
  opts
end

Instance Method Details

#abort(mesg = $!) ⇒ Object

Shows message with the program name then aborts.

mesg

Message, defaulted to $!.

See Kernel#abort.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1348

def abort(mesg = $!)
  super("#{program_name}: #{mesg}")
end

#accept(*args, &blk) ⇒ Object

Directs to accept specified class t. The argument string is passed to the block in which it should be converted to the desired class.

t

Argument class specifier, any object including Class.

pat

Pattern for argument, defaults to t if it responds to match.

accept(t, pat, &block)



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1229

def accept(*args, &blk) top.accept(*args, &blk) end

#add_officious ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1191

def add_officious  # :nodoc:
  list = base()
  Officious.each do |opt, block|
    list.long[opt] ||= block.call(self)
  end
end

#additional_message(typ, opt) ⇒ Object

Returns additional info.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1964

def additional_message(typ, opt)
  return unless typ and opt and defined?(DidYouMean::SpellChecker)
  all_candidates = []
  visit(:get_candidates, typ) do |candidates|
    all_candidates.concat(candidates)
  end
  all_candidates.select! {|cand| cand.is_a?(String) }
  checker = DidYouMean::SpellChecker.new(dictionary: all_candidates)
  DidYouMean.formatter.message_for(all_candidates & checker.correct(opt))
end

#base ⇒ Object

Subject of #on_tail.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1362

def base
  @stack[1]
end

#candidate(word) ⇒ Object

Return candidates for word.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1978

def candidate(word)
  list = []
  case word
  when '-'
    long = short = true
  when /\A--/
    word, arg = word.split(/=/, 2)
    argpat = Completion.regexp(arg, false) if arg and !arg.empty?
    long = true
  when /\A-/
    short = true
  end
  pat = Completion.regexp(word, long)
  visit(:each_option) do |opt|
    next unless Switch === opt
    opts = (long ? opt.long : []) + (short ? opt.short : [])
    opts = Completion.candidate(word, true, pat, &opts.method(:each)).map(&:first) if pat
    if /\A=/ =~ opt.arg
      opts.map! {|sw| sw + "="}
      if arg and CompletingHash === opt.pattern
        if opts = opt.pattern.candidate(arg, false, argpat)
          opts.map!(&:last)
        end
      end
    end
    list.concat(opts)
  end
  list
end

#compsys(to, name = File.basename($0)) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1044

def compsys(to, name = File.basename($0)) # :nodoc:
  to << "#compdef #{name}\n"
  to << COMPSYS_HEADER
  visit(:compsys, {}, {}) {|o, d|
    to << %Q[  "#{o}[#{d.gsub(/[\\\"\[\]]/, '\\\\\&')}]" \\\n]
  }
  to << "  '*:file:_files' && return 0\n"
end

#define(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object Also known as: def_option

:call-seq:

define(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1606

def define(*opts, &block)
  top.append(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
  sw[0]
end

#define_by_keywords(options, method, **params) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

define_by_keywords(options, method, **params)

:include: ../../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc

Defines options which set in to options for keyword parameters of method.

Parameters for each keywords are given as elements of params.



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# File 'lib/optparse/kwargs.rb', line 15

def define_by_keywords(options, method, **params)
  method.parameters.each do |type, name|
    case type
    when :key, :keyreq
      op, cl = *(type == :key ? %w"[ ]" : ["", ""])
      define("--#{name}=#{op}#{name.upcase}#{cl}", *params[name]) do |o|
        options[name] = o
      end
    end
  end
  options
end

#define_head(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object Also known as: def_head_option

:call-seq:

define_head(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1627

def define_head(*opts, &block)
  top.prepend(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
  sw[0]
end

#define_tail(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object Also known as: def_tail_option

:call-seq:

define_tail(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1650

def define_tail(*opts, &block)
  base.append(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
  sw[0]
end

#environment(env = File.basename($0, '.*'), **keywords) ⇒ Object

Parses environment variable env or its uppercase with splitting like a shell.

env defaults to the basename of the program.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 2051

def environment(env = File.basename($0, '.*'), **keywords)
  env = ENV[env] || ENV[env.upcase] or return
  require 'shellwords'
  parse(*Shellwords.shellwords(env), **keywords)
end

#getopts(*args, symbolize_names: false, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Wrapper method for getopts.rb.

params = ARGV.getopts("ab:", "foo", "bar:", "zot:Z;zot option")
# params["a"] = true   # -a
# params["b"] = "1"    # -b1
# params["foo"] = "1"  # --foo
# params["bar"] = "x"  # --bar x
# params["zot"] = "z"  # --zot Z

Option symbolize_names (boolean) specifies whether returned Hash keys should be Symbols; defaults to false (use Strings).

params = ARGV.getopts("ab:", "foo", "bar:", "zot:Z;zot option", symbolize_names: true)
# params[:a] = true   # -a
# params[:b] = "1"    # -b1
# params[:foo] = "1"  # --foo
# params[:bar] = "x"  # --bar x
# params[:zot] = "z"  # --zot Z



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1878

def getopts(*args, symbolize_names: false, **keywords)
  argv = Array === args.first ? args.shift : default_argv
  single_options, *long_options = *args

  result = {}

  single_options.scan(/(.)(:)?/) do |opt, val|
    if val
      result[opt] = nil
      define("-#{opt} VAL")
    else
      result[opt] = false
      define("-#{opt}")
    end
  end if single_options

  long_options.each do |arg|
    arg, desc = arg.split(';', 2)
    opt, val = arg.split(':', 2)
    if val
      result[opt] = val.empty? ? nil : val
      define("--#{opt}=#{result[opt] || "VAL"}", *[desc].compact)
    else
      result[opt] = false
      define("--#{opt}", *[desc].compact)
    end
  end

  parse_in_order(argv, result.method(:[]=), **keywords)
  symbolize_names ? result.transform_keys(&:to_sym) : result
end

#help ⇒ Object Also known as: to_s

Returns option summary string.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1407

def help; summarize("#{banner}".sub(/\n?\z/, "\n")) end

#help_exit ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1053

def help_exit
  if STDOUT.tty? && (pager = ENV.values_at(*%w[RUBY_PAGER PAGER]).find {|e| e && !e.empty?})
    less = ENV["LESS"]
    args = [{"LESS" => "#{!less || less.empty? ? '-' : less}Fe"}, pager, "w"]
    print = proc do |f|
      f.puts help
    rescue Errno::EPIPE
      # pager terminated
    end
    if Process.respond_to?(:fork) and false
      IO.popen("-") {|f| f ? Process.exec(*args, in: f) : print.call(STDOUT)}
      # unreachable
    end
    IO.popen(*args, &print)
  else
    puts help
  end
  exit
end

#inc(*args) ⇒ Object

See self.inc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1167

def inc(*args)
  self.class.inc(*args)
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1428

def inspect                   # :nodoc:
  require 'pp'
  pretty_print_inspect
end

#load(filename = nil, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Loads options from file names as filename. Does nothing when the file is not present. Returns whether successfully loaded.

filename defaults to basename of the program without suffix in a directory ~/.options, then the basename with ‘.options’ suffix under XDG and Haiku standard places.

The optional into keyword argument works exactly like that accepted in method #parse.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 2019

def load(filename = nil, **keywords)
  unless filename
    basename = File.basename($0, '.*')
    return true if load(File.expand_path(basename, '~/.options'), **keywords) rescue nil
    basename << ".options"
    return [
      # XDG
      ENV['XDG_CONFIG_HOME'],
      '~/.config',
      *ENV['XDG_CONFIG_DIRS']&.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR),

      # Haiku
      '~/config/settings',
    ].any? {|dir|
      next if !dir or dir.empty?
      load(File.expand_path(basename, dir), **keywords) rescue nil
    }
  end
  begin
    parse(*File.readlines(filename, chomp: true), **keywords)
    true
  rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ENOTDIR
    false
  end
end

#make_switch(opts, block = nil) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

make_switch(params, block = nil)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1462

def make_switch(opts, block = nil)
  short, long, nolong, style, pattern, conv, not_pattern, not_conv, not_style = [], [], []
  ldesc, sdesc, desc, arg = [], [], []
  default_style = Switch::NoArgument
  default_pattern = nil
  klass = nil
  q, a = nil
  has_arg = false

  opts.each do |o|
    # argument class
    next if search(:atype, o) do |pat, c|
      klass = notwice(o, klass, 'type')
      if not_style and not_style != Switch::NoArgument
        not_pattern, not_conv = pat, c
      else
        default_pattern, conv = pat, c
      end
    end

    # directly specified pattern(any object possible to match)
    if (!(String === o || Symbol === o)) and o.respond_to?(:match)
      pattern = notwice(o, pattern, 'pattern')
      if pattern.respond_to?(:convert)
        conv = pattern.method(:convert).to_proc
      else
        conv = SPLAT_PROC
      end
      next
    end

    # anything others
    case o
    when Proc, Method
      block = notwice(o, block, 'block')
    when Array, Hash
      case pattern
      when CompletingHash
      when nil
        pattern = CompletingHash.new
        conv = pattern.method(:convert).to_proc if pattern.respond_to?(:convert)
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "argument pattern given twice"
      end
      o.each {|pat, *v| pattern[pat] = v.fetch(0) {pat}}
    when Module
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type: #{o}", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(4))
    when *ArgumentStyle.keys
      style = notwice(ArgumentStyle[o], style, 'style')
    when /^--no-([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
      q, a = $1, $2
      o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
      not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, o) unless not_style
      not_style = (not_style || default_style).guess(arg = a) if a
      default_style = Switch::NoArgument
      default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, FalseClass) unless default_pattern
      ldesc << "--no-#{q}"
      (q = q.downcase).tr!('_', '-')
      long << "no-#{q}"
      nolong << q
    when /^--\[no-\]([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
      q, a = $1, $2
      o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
      if a
        default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
        default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
      end
      ldesc << "--[no-]#{q}"
      (o = q.downcase).tr!('_', '-')
      long << o
      not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, FalseClass) unless not_style
      not_style = Switch::NoArgument
      nolong << "no-#{o}"
    when /^--([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
      q, a = $1, $2
      if a
        o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
        default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
        default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
      end
      ldesc << "--#{q}"
      (o = q.downcase).tr!('_', '-')
      long << o
    when /^-(\[\^?\]?(?:[^\\\]]|\\.)*\])(.+)?/
      q, a = $1, $2
      o = notwice(Object, klass, 'type')
      if a
        default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
        default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
      else
        has_arg = true
      end
      sdesc << "-#{q}"
      short << Regexp.new(q)
    when /^-(.)(.+)?/
      q, a = $1, $2
      if a
        o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
        default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
        default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
      end
      sdesc << "-#{q}"
      short << q
    when /^=/
      style = notwice(default_style.guess(arg = o), style, 'style')
      default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, Object) unless default_pattern
    else
      desc.push(o) if o && !o.empty?
    end
  end

  default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, default_style.pattern) unless default_pattern
  if !(short.empty? and long.empty?)
    if has_arg and default_style == Switch::NoArgument
      default_style = Switch::RequiredArgument
    end
    s = (style || default_style).new(pattern || default_pattern,
                                     conv, sdesc, ldesc, arg, desc, block)
  elsif !block
    if style or pattern
      raise ArgumentError, "no switch given", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller)
    end
    s = desc
  else
    short << pattern
    s = (style || default_style).new(pattern,
                                     conv, nil, nil, arg, desc, block)
  end
  return s, short, long,
    (not_style.new(not_pattern, not_conv, sdesc, ldesc, nil, desc, block) if not_style),
    nolong
end

#new ⇒ Object

Pushes a new List.

If a block is given, yields self and returns the result of the block, otherwise returns self.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1372

def new
  @stack.push(List.new)
  if block_given?
    yield self
  else
    self
  end
end

#on(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

on(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1616

def on(*opts, &block)
  define(*opts, &block)
  self
end

#on_head(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

on_head(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc

The new option is added at the head of the summary.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1639

def on_head(*opts, &block)
  define_head(*opts, &block)
  self
end

#on_tail(*opts, &block) ⇒ Object

:call-seq:

on_tail(*params, &block)

:include: ../doc/optparse/creates_option.rdoc

The new option is added at the tail of the summary.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1663

def on_tail(*opts, &block)
  define_tail(*opts, &block)
  self
end

#order(*argv, **keywords, &nonopt) ⇒ Object

Parses command line arguments argv in order. When a block is given, each non-option argument is yielded. When optional into keyword argument is provided, the parsed option values are stored there via []= method (so it can be Hash, or OpenStruct, or other similar object).

Returns the rest of argv left unparsed.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1692

def order(*argv, **keywords, &nonopt)
  argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
  order!(argv, **keywords, &nonopt)
end

#order!(argv = default_argv, into: nil, **keywords, &nonopt) ⇒ Object

Same as #order, but removes switches destructively. Non-option arguments remain in argv.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1701

def order!(argv = default_argv, into: nil, **keywords, &nonopt)
  setter = ->(name, val) {into[name.to_sym] = val} if into
  parse_in_order(argv, setter, **keywords, &nonopt)
end

#parse(*argv, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Parses command line arguments argv in order when environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, and in permutation mode otherwise. When optional into keyword argument is provided, the parsed option values are stored there via []= method (so it can be Hash, or OpenStruct, or other similar object).



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1842

def parse(*argv, **keywords)
  argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
  parse!(argv, **keywords)
end

#parse!(argv = default_argv, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Same as #parse, but removes switches destructively. Non-option arguments remain in argv.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1851

def parse!(argv = default_argv, **keywords)
  if ENV.include?('POSIXLY_CORRECT')
    order!(argv, **keywords)
  else
    permute!(argv, **keywords)
  end
end

#permute(*argv, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Parses command line arguments argv in permutation mode and returns list of non-option arguments. When optional into keyword argument is provided, the parsed option values are stored there via []= method (so it can be Hash, or OpenStruct, or other similar object).



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1819

def permute(*argv, **keywords)
  argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
  permute!(argv, **keywords)
end

#permute!(argv = default_argv, **keywords) ⇒ Object

Same as #permute, but removes switches destructively. Non-option arguments remain in argv.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1828

def permute!(argv = default_argv, **keywords)
  nonopts = []
  order!(argv, **keywords, &nonopts.method(:<<))
  argv[0, 0] = nonopts
  argv
end

#pretty_print(q) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1410

def pretty_print(q)           # :nodoc:
  q.object_group(self) do
    first = true
    if @stack.size > 2
      @stack.each_with_index do |s, i|
        next if i < 2
        next if s.list.empty?
        if first
          first = false
          q.text ":"
        end
        q.breakable
        s.pretty_print(q)
      end
    end
  end
end

#reject(*args, &blk) ⇒ Object

Directs to reject specified class argument.

type

Argument class specifier, any object including Class.

reject(type)



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1242

def reject(*args, &blk) top.reject(*args, &blk) end

#remove ⇒ Object

Removes the last List.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1384

def remove
  @stack.pop
end

#separator(string) ⇒ Object

Add separator in summary.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1672

def separator(string)
  top.append(string, nil, nil)
end

#summarize(to = [], width = @summary_width, max = width - 1, indent = @summary_indent, &blk) ⇒ Object

Puts option summary into to and returns to. Yields each line if a block is given.

to

Output destination, which must have method <<. Defaults to [].

width

Width of left side, defaults to @summary_width.

max

Maximum length allowed for left side, defaults to width - 1.

indent

Indentation, defaults to @summary_indent.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1397

def summarize(to = [], width = @summary_width, max = width - 1, indent = @summary_indent, &blk)
  nl = "\n"
  blk ||= proc {|l| to << (l.index(nl, -1) ? l : l + nl)}
  visit(:summarize, {}, {}, width, max, indent, &blk)
  to
end

#terminate(arg = nil) ⇒ Object

Terminates option parsing. Optional parameter arg is a string pushed back to be the first non-option argument.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1202

def terminate(arg = nil)
  self.class.terminate(arg)
end

#to_a ⇒ Object

Returns option summary list.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1436

def to_a; summarize("#{banner}".split(/^/)) end

#top ⇒ Object

Subject of #on / #on_head, #accept / #reject



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1355

def top
  @stack[-1]
end

#ver ⇒ Object

Returns version string from program_name, version and release.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1322

def ver
  if v = version
    str = +"#{program_name} #{[v].join('.')}"
    str << " (#{v})" if v = release
    str
  end
end

#warn(mesg = $!) ⇒ Object

Shows warning message with the program name

mesg

Message, defaulted to $!.

See Kernel#warn.



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# File 'lib/optparse.rb', line 1337

def warn(mesg = $!)
  super("#{program_name}: #{mesg}")
end