Class: AWS::S3::S3Object

Inherits:
Base
  • Object
show all
Includes:
SelectiveAttributeProxy
Defined in:
lib/aws/s3/object.rb,
lib/aws/s3/response.rb

Overview

S3Objects represent the data you store on S3. They have a key (their name) and a value (their data). All objects belong to a bucket.

You can store an object on S3 by specifying a key, its data and the name of the bucket you want to put it in:

S3Object.store('me.jpg', open('headshot.jpg'), 'photos')

The content type of the object will be inferred by its extension. If the appropriate content type can not be inferred, S3 defaults to binary/octet-stream.

If you want to override this, you can explicitly indicate what content type the object should have with the :content_type option:

file = 'black-flowers.m4a'
S3Object.store(
  file,
  open(file),
  'jukebox',
  :content_type => 'audio/mp4a-latm'
)

You can read more about storing files on S3 in the documentation for S3Object.store.

If you just want to fetch an object you’ve stored on S3, you just specify its name and its bucket:

picture = S3Object.find 'headshot.jpg', 'photos'

N.B. The actual data for the file is not downloaded in both the example where the file appeared in the bucket and when fetched directly. You get the data for the file like this:

picture.value

You can fetch just the object’s data directly:

S3Object.value 'headshot.jpg', 'photos'

Or stream it by passing a block to stream:

open('song.mp3', 'w') do |file|
  S3Object.stream('song.mp3', 'jukebox') do |chunk|
    file.write chunk
  end
end

The data of the file, once download, is cached, so subsequent calls to value won’t redownload the file unless you tell the object to reload its value:

# Redownloads the file's data
song.value(:reload)

Other functionality includes:

# Check if an object exists?
S3Object.exists? 'headshot.jpg', 'photos'

# Copying an object
S3Object.copy 'headshot.jpg', 'headshot2.jpg', 'photos'

# Renaming an object
S3Object.rename 'headshot.jpg', 'portrait.jpg', 'photos'

# Deleting an object
S3Object.delete 'headshot.jpg', 'photos'

More about objects and their metadata

You can find out the content type of your object with the content_type method:

song.content_type
# => "audio/mpeg"

You can change the content type as well if you like:

song.content_type = 'application/pdf'
song.store

(Keep in mind that due to limitiations in S3’s exposed API, the only way to change things like the content_type is to PUT the object onto S3 again. In the case of large files, this will result in fully re-uploading the file.)

A bevie of information about an object can be had using the about method:

pp song.about
{"last-modified"    => "Sat, 28 Oct 2006 21:29:26 GMT",
 "content-type"     => "binary/octet-stream",
 "etag"             => "\"dc629038ffc674bee6f62eb64ff3a\"",
 "date"             => "Sat, 28 Oct 2006 21:30:41 GMT",
 "x-amz-request-id" => "B7BC68F55495B1C8",
 "server"           => "AmazonS3",
 "content-length"   => "3418766"}

You can get and set metadata for an object:

song.metadata
# => {}
song.metadata[:album] = "A River Ain't Too Much To Love"
# => "A River Ain't Too Much To Love"
song.metadata[:released] = 2005
pp song.metadata
{"x-amz-meta-released" => 2005, 
  "x-amz-meta-album"   => "A River Ain't Too Much To Love"}
song.store

That metadata will be saved in S3 and is hence forth available from that object:

song = S3Object.find('black-flowers.mp3', 'jukebox')
pp song.metadata
{"x-amz-meta-released" => "2005", 
  "x-amz-meta-album"   => "A River Ain't Too Much To Love"}
song.metadata[:released]
# => "2005"
song.metadata[:released] = 2006
pp song.metadata
{"x-amz-meta-released" => 2006, 
 "x-amz-meta-album"    => "A River Ain't Too Much To Love"}

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: About, Metadata, Response, Value

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(attributes = {}) {|_self| ... } ⇒ S3Object

Initializes a new S3Object.

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 432

def initialize(attributes = {}, &block)
  super
  self.value  = attributes.delete(:value) 
  self.bucket = attributes.delete(:bucket)
  yield self if block_given?
end

Instance Attribute Details

#value(options = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Lazily loads object data.

Force a reload of the data by passing :reload.

object.value(:reload)

When loading the data for the first time you can optionally yield to a block which will allow you to stream the data in segments.

object.value do |segment|
  send_data segment
end

The full list of options are listed in the documentation for its class method counter part, S3Object::value.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 493

def value(options = {}, &block)
  if options.is_a?(Hash)
    reload = !options.empty?
  else
    reload  = options
    options = {}
  end
  memoize(reload) do
    self.class.stream(key, bucket.name, options, &block)
  end
end

Class Method Details

.about(key, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Fetch information about the object with key from bucket. Information includes content type, content length, last modified time, and others.

If the specified key does not exist, NoSuchKey is raised.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 214

def about(key, bucket = nil, options = {})
  response = head(path!(bucket, key, options), options)
  raise NoSuchKey.new("No such key `#{key}'", bucket) if response.code == 404
  About.new(response.headers)
end

.copy(key, copy_key = nil, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Makes a copy of the object with key to copy_key, preserving the ACL of the existing object if the :copy_acl option is true (default false). If the :replace_meta<tt> option is true you can pass metadata (such as 'Content-type', 'Cache-Control') in options and the metadata associated with the object will be replaced. If the <tt>:dest_bucket option exists the value will be the bucket where we copy to and copy_key can be left blank to simulate a move.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 184

def copy(key, copy_key = nil, bucket = nil, options = {})
  copy_key      ||= key
  copy_acl        = options.delete(:copy_acl)
  replace_meta    = options.delete(:replace_meta)
  
  dest_bucket     = bucket_name(options.delete(:dest_bucket) || bucket)
  bucket          = bucket_name(bucket)
  source_key      = path!(bucket, key)
  target_key      = path!(dest_bucket, copy_key)

  default_options = {}
  default_options['x-amz-copy-source'] = source_key
  default_options['x-amz-metadata-directive'] = 'REPLACE' if replace_meta
  options = default_options.merge(options)

  returning put(target_key, options) do
    acl(copy_key, dest_bucket, acl(key, bucket)) if copy_acl
  end
end

.create ⇒ Object

When storing an object on the S3 servers using S3Object.store, the data argument can be a string or an I/O stream. If data is an I/O stream it will be read in segments and written to the socket incrementally. This approach may be desirable for very large files so they are not read into memory all at once.

# Non streamed upload
S3Object.store('greeting.txt', 'hello world!', 'marcel')

# Streamed upload
S3Object.store('roots.mpeg', open('roots.mpeg'), 'marcel')



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 255

def store(key, data, bucket = nil, options = {})
  validate_key!(key)
  # Must build path before infering content type in case bucket is being used for options
  path = path!(bucket, key, options)
  infer_content_type!(key, options)
  
  put(path, options, data) # Don't call .success? on response. We want to get the etag.
end

.delete(key, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Delete object with key from bucket.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 232

def delete(key, bucket = nil, options = {})
  # A bit confusing. Calling super actually makes an HTTP DELETE request. The delete method is
  # defined in the Base class. It happens to have the same name.
  super(path!(bucket, key, options), options).success?
end

.exists?(key, bucket = nil) ⇒ Boolean

Checks if the object with key in bucket exists.

S3Object.exists? 'kiss.jpg', 'marcel'
# => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 224

def exists?(key, bucket = nil)
  about(key, bucket)
  true
rescue NoSuchKey
  false
end

.find(key, bucket = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the object whose key is name in the specified bucket. If the specified key does not exist, a NoSuchKey exception will be raised.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 145

def find(key, bucket = nil)
  # N.B. This is arguably a hack. From what the current S3 API exposes, when you retrieve a bucket, it
  # provides a listing of all the files in that bucket (assuming you haven't limited the scope of what it returns).
  # Each file in the listing contains information about that file. It is from this information that an S3Object is built.
  #
  # If you know the specific file that you want, S3 allows you to make a get request for that specific file and it returns
  # the value of that file in its response body. This response body is used to build an S3Object::Value object. 
  # If you want information about that file, you can make a head request and the headers of the response will contain 
  # information about that file. There is no way, though, to say, give me the representation of just this given file the same 
  # way that it would appear in a bucket listing.
  #
  # When fetching a bucket, you can provide options which narrow the scope of what files should be returned in that listing.
  # Of those options, one is <tt>marker</tt> which is a string and instructs the bucket to return only object's who's key comes after
  # the specified marker according to alphabetic order. Another option is <tt>max-keys</tt> which defaults to 1000 but allows you
  # to dictate how many objects should be returned in the listing. With a combination of <tt>marker</tt> and <tt>max-keys</tt> you can
  # *almost* specify exactly which file you'd like it to return, but <tt>marker</tt> is not inclusive. In other words, if there is a bucket
  # which contains three objects who's keys are respectively 'a', 'b' and 'c', then fetching a bucket listing with marker set to 'b' will only
  # return 'c', not 'b'. 
  #
  # Given all that, my hack to fetch a bucket with only one specific file, is to set the marker to the result of calling String#previous on
  # the desired object's key, which functionally makes the key ordered one degree higher than the desired object key according to 
  # alphabetic ordering. This is a hack, but it should work around 99% of the time. I can't think of a scenario where it would return
  # something incorrect.
  
  # We need to ensure the key doesn't have extended characters but not uri escape it before doing the lookup and comparing since if the object exists, 
  # the key on S3 will have been normalized
  key    = key.remove_extended unless key.utf8?
  bucket = Bucket.find(bucket_name(bucket), :marker => key.previous, :max_keys => 1)
  # If our heuristic failed, trigger a NoSuchKey exception
  if (object = bucket.objects.first) && object.key == key
    object 
  else 
    raise NoSuchKey.new("No such key `#{key}'", bucket)
  end
end

.path!(bucket, name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 306

def path!(bucket, name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  # We're using the second argument for options
  if bucket.is_a?(Hash)
    options.replace(bucket)
    bucket = nil
  end
  '/' << File.join(bucket_name(bucket), name)
end

.rename(from, to, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Rename the object with key from to have key in to.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 205

def rename(from, to, bucket = nil, options = {})
  copy(from, to, bucket, options)
  delete(from, bucket)
end

.save ⇒ Object

When storing an object on the S3 servers using S3Object.store, the data argument can be a string or an I/O stream. If data is an I/O stream it will be read in segments and written to the socket incrementally. This approach may be desirable for very large files so they are not read into memory all at once.

# Non streamed upload
S3Object.store('greeting.txt', 'hello world!', 'marcel')

# Streamed upload
S3Object.store('roots.mpeg', open('roots.mpeg'), 'marcel')



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 256

def store(key, data, bucket = nil, options = {})
  validate_key!(key)
  # Must build path before infering content type in case bucket is being used for options
  path = path!(bucket, key, options)
  infer_content_type!(key, options)
  
  put(path, options, data) # Don't call .success? on response. We want to get the etag.
end

.store(key, data, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

When storing an object on the S3 servers using S3Object.store, the data argument can be a string or an I/O stream. If data is an I/O stream it will be read in segments and written to the socket incrementally. This approach may be desirable for very large files so they are not read into memory all at once.

# Non streamed upload
S3Object.store('greeting.txt', 'hello world!', 'marcel')

# Streamed upload
S3Object.store('roots.mpeg', open('roots.mpeg'), 'marcel')



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 247

def store(key, data, bucket = nil, options = {})
  validate_key!(key)
  # Must build path before infering content type in case bucket is being used for options
  path = path!(bucket, key, options)
  infer_content_type!(key, options)
  
  put(path, options, data) # Don't call .success? on response. We want to get the etag.
end

.stream(key, bucket = nil, options = {}, &block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 137

def stream(key, bucket = nil, options = {}, &block)
  value(key, bucket, options) do |response|
    response.read_body(&block)
  end
end

.url_for(name, bucket = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

All private objects are accessible via an authenticated GET request to the S3 servers. You can generate an authenticated url for an object like this:

S3Object.url_for('beluga_baby.jpg', 'marcel_molina')

By default authenticated urls expire 5 minutes after they were generated.

Expiration options can be specified either with an absolute time since the epoch with the :expires options, or with a number of seconds relative to now with the :expires_in options:

# Absolute expiration date 
# (Expires January 18th, 2038)
doomsday = Time.mktime(2038, 1, 18).to_i
S3Object.url_for('beluga_baby.jpg', 
                 'marcel', 
                 :expires => doomsday)

# Expiration relative to now specified in seconds 
# (Expires in 3 hours)
S3Object.url_for('beluga_baby.jpg', 
                 'marcel', 
                 :expires_in => 60 * 60 * 3)

You can specify whether the url should go over SSL with the :use_ssl option:

# Url will use https protocol
S3Object.url_for('beluga_baby.jpg', 
                 'marcel', 
                 :use_ssl => true)

By default, the ssl settings for the current connection will be used.

If you have an object handy, you can use its url method with the same objects:

song.url(:expires_in => 30)

To get an unauthenticated url for the object, such as in the case when the object is publicly readable, pass the :authenticated option with a value of false.

S3Object.url_for('beluga_baby.jpg',
                 'marcel',
                 :authenticated => false)
# => http://s3.amazonaws.com/marcel/beluga_baby.jpg



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 302

def url_for(name, bucket = nil, options = {})
  connection.url_for(path!(bucket, name, options), options) # Do not normalize options
end

.value(key, bucket = nil, options = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Returns the value of the object with key in the specified bucket.

Conditional GET options

  • :if_modified_since - Return the object only if it has been modified since the specified time, otherwise return a 304 (not modified).

  • :if_unmodified_since - Return the object only if it has not been modified since the specified time, otherwise raise PreconditionFailed.

  • :if_match - Return the object only if its entity tag (ETag) is the same as the one specified, otherwise raise PreconditionFailed.

  • :if_none_match - Return the object only if its entity tag (ETag) is different from the one specified, otherwise return a 304 (not modified).

Other options

  • :range - Return only the bytes of the object in the specified range.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 133

def value(key, bucket = nil, options = {}, &block)
  Value.new(get(path!(bucket, key, options), options, &block))
end

Instance Method Details

#==(s3object) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 602

def ==(s3object) #:nodoc:
  path == s3object.path
end

#about ⇒ Object

Interface to information about the current object. Information is read only, though some of its data can be modified through specific methods, such as content_type and content_type=.

 pp some_object.about
   {"last-modified"    => "Sat, 28 Oct 2006 21:29:26 GMT",
    "x-amz-id-2"       =>  "LdcQRk5qLwxJQiZ8OH50HhoyKuqyWoJ67B6i+rOE5MxpjJTWh1kCkL+I0NQzbVQn",
    "content-type"     => "binary/octet-stream",
    "etag"             => "\"dc629038ffc674bee6f62eb68454ff3a\"",
    "date"             => "Sat, 28 Oct 2006 21:30:41 GMT",
    "x-amz-request-id" => "B7BC68F55495B1C8",
    "server"           => "AmazonS3",
    "content-length"   => "3418766"}

some_object.content_type
# => "binary/octet-stream"
some_object.content_type = 'audio/mpeg'
some_object.content_type
# => 'audio/mpeg'
some_object.store



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 524

def about
  stored? ? self.class.about(key, bucket.name) : About.new
end

#belongs_to_bucket? ⇒ Boolean Also known as: orphan?

Returns true if the current object has been assigned to a bucket yet. Objects must belong to a bucket before they can be saved onto S3.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 453

def belongs_to_bucket?
  !@bucket.nil?
end

#bucket ⇒ Object

The current object’s bucket. If no bucket has been set, a NoBucketSpecified exception will be raised. For cases where you are not sure if the bucket has been set, you can use the belongs_to_bucket? method.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 441

def bucket
  @bucket or raise NoBucketSpecified
end

#bucket=(bucket) ⇒ Object

Sets the bucket that the object belongs to.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 446

def bucket=(bucket)
  @bucket = bucket
  self
end

#copy(copy_name = nil, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Copies the current object, given it the name copy_name.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 568

def copy(copy_name=nil, options = {})
  self.class.copy(key, copy_name, bucket.name, options)
end

#copy_to_bucket(dest_bucket) ⇒ Object

Copies current object to a new bucket



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 563

def copy_to_bucket(dest_bucket)
  copy(nil, :dest_bucket => dest_bucket, :copy_acl => true)
end

#delete ⇒ Object

Deletes the current object. Trying to save an object after it has been deleted with raise a DeletedObject exception.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 556

def delete
  bucket.update(:deleted, self)
  freeze
  self.class.delete(key, bucket.name)
end

#etag(reload = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 578

def etag(reload = false)
  return nil unless stored?
  memoize(reload) do
    reload ? about(reload)['etag'][1...-1] : attributes['e_tag'][1...-1]
  end
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

Don’t dump binary data :)



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 614

def inspect #:nodoc:
  "#<%s:0x%s '%s'>" % [self.class, object_id, path]
end

#key ⇒ Object

Returns the key of the object. If the key is not set, a NoKeySpecified exception will be raised. For cases where you are not sure if the key has been set, you can use the key_set? method. Objects must have a key set to be saved onto S3. Objects which have already been saved onto S3 will always have their key set.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 461

def key
  attributes['key'] or raise NoKeySpecified
end

#key=(value) ⇒ Object

Sets the key for the current object.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 466

def key=(value)
  attributes['key'] = value
end

#key_set? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the current object has had its key set yet. Objects which have already been saved will always return true. This method is useful for objects which have not been saved yet so you know if you need to set the object’s key since you can not save an object unless its key has been set.

object.store if object.key_set? && object.belongs_to_bucket?

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 475

def key_set?
  !attributes['key'].nil?
end

#metadata ⇒ Object

Interface to viewing and editing metadata for the current object. To be treated like a Hash.

some_object.metadata
# => {}
some_object.metadata[:author] = 'Dave Thomas'
some_object.metadata
# => {"x-amz-meta-author" => "Dave Thomas"}
some_object.metadata[:author]
# => "Dave Thomas"



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 538

def metadata
  about.metadata
end

#owner ⇒ Object

Returns the owner of the current object.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 586

def owner 
  Owner.new(attributes['owner'])
end

#path ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 606

def path #:nodoc:
  self.class.path!(
    belongs_to_bucket? ? bucket.name : '(no bucket)', 
    key_set?           ? key         : '(no key)'
  )
end

#rename(to, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Rename the current object. Keep in mind that due to limitations in S3’s API, this operation requires retransmitting the entire object to S3.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 574

def rename(to, options = {})
  self.class.rename(key, to, bucket.name, options)
end

#store(options = {}) ⇒ Object Also known as: create, save

Saves the current object with the specified options. Valid options are listed in the documentation for S3Object::store.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 544

def store(options = {})
  raise DeletedObject if frozen?
  options  = about.to_headers.merge(options) if stored?
  response = self.class.store(key, value, bucket.name, options)
  bucket.update(:stored, self)
  response.success?
end

#stored? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the current object has been stored on S3 yet.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 598

def stored?
  !attributes['e_tag'].nil?
end

#url(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Generates an authenticated url for the current object. Accepts the same options as its class method counter part S3Object.url_for.



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# File 'lib/aws/s3/object.rb', line 593

def url(options = {})
  self.class.url_for(key, bucket.name, options)
end