Module: Sequel::Model::InstanceMethods

Defined in:
lib/sequel/model/base.rb,
lib/sequel/plugins/prepared_statements.rb

Overview

Sequel::Model instance methods that implement basic model functionality.

  • All of the methods in HOOKS and AROUND_HOOKS create instance methods that are called by Sequel when the appropriate action occurs. For example, when destroying a model object, Sequel will call around_destroy, which will call before_destroy, do the destroy, and then call after_destroy.

  • The following instance_methods all call the class method of the same name: columns, db, primary_key, db_schema.

  • All of the methods in BOOLEAN_SETTINGS create attr_writers allowing you to set values for the attribute. It also creates instance getters returning the value of the setting. If the value has not yet been set, it gets the default value from the class by calling the class method of the same name.

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Details

#values ⇒ Object (readonly) Also known as: to_hash

The hash of attribute values. Keys are symbols with the names of the underlying database columns.

Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').values # => {:name=>'Bob'}
Artist[1].values # => {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}



1141
1142
1143
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1141

def values
  @values
end

Instance Method Details

#==(obj) ⇒ Object

Alias of eql?



1206
1207
1208
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1206

def ==(obj)
  eql?(obj)
end

#===(obj) ⇒ Object

If pk is not nil, true only if the objects have the same class and pk. If pk is nil, false.

Artist[1] === Artist[1] # true
Artist.new === Artist.new # false
Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => true



1216
1217
1218
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1216

def ===(obj)
  pk.nil? ? false : (obj.class == model) && (obj.pk == pk)
end

#[](column) ⇒ Object

Returns value of the column’s attribute.

Artist[1][:id] #=> 1



1181
1182
1183
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1181

def [](column)
  @values[column]
end

#[]=(column, value) ⇒ Object

Sets the value for the given column. If typecasting is enabled for this object, typecast the value based on the column’s type. If this is a new record or the typecasted value isn’t the same as the current value for the column, mark the column as changed.

a = Artist.new
a[:name] = 'Bob'
a.values #=> {:name=>'Bob'}



1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1193

def []=(column, value)
  # If it is new, it doesn't have a value yet, so we should
  # definitely set the new value.
  # If the column isn't in @values, we can't assume it is
  # NULL in the database, so assume it has changed.
  v = typecast_value(column, value)
  vals = @values
  if new? || !vals.include?(column) || v != (c = vals[column]) || v.class != c.class
    change_column_value(column, v)
  end
end

#autoincrementing_primary_key ⇒ Object

The autoincrementing primary key for this model object. Should be overridden if you have a composite primary key with one part of it being autoincrementing.



1231
1232
1233
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1231

def autoincrementing_primary_key
  primary_key
end

#cancel_action(msg = nil) ⇒ Object

Cancel the current action. Should be called in before hooks to halt the processing of the action. If a msg argument is given and the model instance is configured to raise exceptions on failure, sets the message to use for the raised HookFailed exception.



1239
1240
1241
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1239

def cancel_action(msg=nil)
  raise_hook_failure(msg)
end

#changed_columns ⇒ Object

The columns that have been updated. This isn’t completely accurate, as it could contain columns whose values have not changed.

a = Artist[1]
a.changed_columns # => []
a.name = 'Bob'
a.changed_columns # => [:name]



1250
1251
1252
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1250

def changed_columns
  @changed_columns ||= []
end

#clone ⇒ Object

:nocov: Ruby 1.8 doesn’t support initialize_clone, so override clone to dup and freeze.



2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 2056

def clone
  o = dup
  o.freeze if frozen?
  o
end

#delete ⇒ Object

Deletes and returns self. Does not run destroy hooks. Look into using destroy instead.

Artist[1].delete # DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>

Raises:



1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1259

def delete
  raise Sequel::Error, "can't delete frozen object" if frozen?
  _delete
  self
end

#destroy(opts = OPTS) ⇒ Object

Like delete but runs hooks before and after delete. If before_destroy returns false, returns false without deleting the object from the database. Otherwise, deletes the item from the database and returns self. Uses a transaction if use_transactions is true or if the :transaction option is given and true.

Artist[1].destroy # BEGIN; DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1); COMMIT;
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>

Raises:



1274
1275
1276
1277
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1274

def destroy(opts = OPTS)
  raise Sequel::Error, "can't destroy frozen object" if frozen?
  checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_destroy(opts)}}
end

#each(&block) ⇒ Object

Iterates through all of the current values using each.

Album[1].each{|k, v| puts "#{k} => #{v}"}
# id => 1
# name => 'Bob'



1284
1285
1286
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1284

def each(&block)
  @values.each(&block)
end

#eql?(obj) ⇒ Boolean

Compares model instances by values.

Artist[1] == Artist[1] # => true
Artist.new == Artist.new # => true
Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => false

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


1293
1294
1295
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1293

def eql?(obj)
  (obj.class == model) && (obj.values == @values)
end

#errors ⇒ Object

Returns the validation errors associated with this object. See Errors.



1299
1300
1301
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1299

def errors
  @errors ||= errors_class.new
end

#exists? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true when current instance exists, false otherwise. Generally an object that isn’t new will exist unless it has been deleted. Uses a database query to check for existence, unless the model object is new, in which case this is always false.

Artist[1].exists? # SELECT 1 FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
# => true
Artist.new.exists?
# => false

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


1313
1314
1315
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1313

def exists?
  new? ? false : !this.get(SQL::AliasedExpression.new(1, :one)).nil?
end

#extend(mod) ⇒ Object

Ignore the model’s setter method cache when this instances extends a module, as the module may contain setter methods.



1319
1320
1321
1322
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1319

def extend(mod)
  @singleton_setter_added = true
  super
end

#freeze ⇒ Object

Freeze the object in such a way that it is still usable but not modifiable. Once an object is frozen, you cannot modify it’s values, changed_columns, errors, or dataset.



1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1327

def freeze
  values.freeze
  changed_columns.freeze
  unless errors.frozen?
    validate
    errors.freeze
  end
  this.freeze if !new? && model.primary_key
  super
end

#hash ⇒ Object

Value that should be unique for objects with the same class and pk (if pk is not nil), or the same class and values (if pk is nil).

Artist[1].hash == Artist[1].hash # true
Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist[1].hash # true
Artist.new.hash == Artist.new.hash # true
Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist.new.hash # false



1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1345

def hash
  case primary_key
  when Array
    [model, !pk.all? ? @values : pk].hash
  when Symbol
    [model, pk.nil? ? @values : pk].hash
  else
    [model, @values].hash
  end
end

#id ⇒ Object

Returns value for the :id attribute, even if the primary key is not id. To get the primary key value, use pk.

Artist[1].id # => 1



1360
1361
1362
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1360

def id
  @values[:id]
end

#initialize(values = {}) {|_self| ... } ⇒ Object

Creates new instance and passes the given values to set. If a block is given, yield the instance to the block.

Arguments:

values

should be a hash to pass to set. 

Artist.new(:name=>'Bob')

Artist.new do |a|
  a.name = 'Bob'
end

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:



1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1169

def initialize(values = {})
  @values = {}
  @new = true
  @modified = true
  initialize_set(values)
  changed_columns.clear 
  yield self if block_given?
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

Returns a string representation of the model instance including the class name and values.



1366
1367
1368
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1366

def inspect
  "#<#{model.name} @values=#{inspect_values}>"
end

#keys ⇒ Object

Returns the keys in values. May not include all column names.

Artist.new.keys # => []
Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').keys # => [:name]
Artist[1].keys # => [:id, :name]



1375
1376
1377
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1375

def keys
  @values.keys
end

#lock! ⇒ Object

Refresh this record using for_update unless this is a new record. Returns self. This can be used to make sure no other process is updating the record at the same time.

a = Artist[1]
Artist.db.transaction do
  a.lock!
  a.update(:name=>'A')
end



1388
1389
1390
1391
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1388

def lock!
  _refresh(this.for_update) unless new?
  self
end

#marshallable! ⇒ Object

Remove elements of the model object that make marshalling fail. Returns self.

a = Artist[1]
a.marshallable!
Marshal.dump(a)



1398
1399
1400
1401
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1398

def marshallable!
  @this = nil
  self
end

#modified!(column = nil) ⇒ Object

Explicitly mark the object as modified, so save_changes/update will run callbacks even if no columns have changed.

a = Artist[1]
a.save_changes # No callbacks run, as no changes
a.modified!
a.save_changes # Callbacks run, even though no changes made

If a column is given, specifically marked that column as modified, so that save_changes/update will include that column in the update. This should be used if you plan on mutating the column value instead of assigning a new column value:

a.modified!(:name)
a.name.gsub!(/[aeou]/, 'i')



1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1418

def modified!(column=nil)
  if column && !changed_columns.include?(column)
    changed_columns << column
  end
  @modified = true
end

#modified?(column = nil) ⇒ Boolean

Whether this object has been modified since last saved, used by save_changes to determine whether changes should be saved. New values are always considered modified.

a = Artist[1]
a.modified? # => false
a.set(:name=>'Jim')
a.modified? # => true

If a column is given, specifically check if the given column has been modified:

a.modified?(:num_albums) # => false
a.num_albums = 10
a.modified?(:num_albums) # => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1440

def modified?(column=nil)
  if column
    changed_columns.include?(column)
  else
    @modified || !changed_columns.empty?
  end
end

#new? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the current instance represents a new record.

Artist.new.new? # => true
Artist[1].new? # => false

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


1452
1453
1454
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1452

def new?
  defined?(@new) ? @new : (@new = false)
end

#pk ⇒ Object

Returns the primary key value identifying the model instance. Raises an Error if this model does not have a primary key. If the model has a composite primary key, returns an array of values.

Artist[1].pk # => 1
Artist[[1, 2]].pk # => [1, 2]

Raises:



1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1462

def pk
  raise(Error, "No primary key is associated with this model") unless key = primary_key
  if key.is_a?(Array)
    vals = @values
    key.map{|k| vals[k]}
  else
    @values[key]
  end
end

#pk_hash ⇒ Object

Returns a hash mapping the receivers primary key column(s) to their values.

Artist[1].pk_hash # => {:id=>1}
Artist[[1, 2]].pk_hash # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}



1476
1477
1478
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1476

def pk_hash
  model.primary_key_hash(pk)
end

#qualified_pk_hash(qualifier = model.table_name) ⇒ Object

Returns a hash mapping the receivers primary key column(s) to their values.

Artist[1].qualified_pk_hash
# => {Sequel.qualify(:artists, :id)=>1}
Artist[[1, 2]].qualified_pk_hash
# => {Sequel.qualify(:artists, :id1)=>1, Sequel.qualify(:artists, :id2)=>2}



1486
1487
1488
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1486

def qualified_pk_hash(qualifier=model.table_name)
  model.qualified_primary_key_hash(pk, qualifier)
end

#refresh ⇒ Object

Reloads attributes from database and returns self. Also clears all changed_columns information. Raises an Error if the record no longer exists in the database.

a = Artist[1]
a.name = 'Jim'
a.refresh
a.name # => 'Bob'

Raises:



1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1498

def refresh
  raise Sequel::Error, "can't refresh frozen object" if frozen?
  _refresh(this)
  self
end

#reload ⇒ Object

Alias of refresh, but not aliased directly to make overriding in a plugin easier.



1505
1506
1507
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1505

def reload
  refresh
end

#save(opts = OPTS) ⇒ Object

Creates or updates the record, after making sure the record is valid and before hooks execute successfully. Fails if:

  • the record is not valid, or

  • before_save returns false, or

  • the record is new and before_create returns false, or

  • the record is not new and before_update returns false.

If save fails and either raise_on_save_failure or the :raise_on_failure option is true, it raises ValidationFailed or HookFailed. Otherwise it returns nil.

If it succeeds, it returns self.

You can provide an optional list of columns to update, in which case it only updates those columns, or a options hash.

Takes the following options:

:changed

save all changed columns, instead of all columns or the columns given

:columns

array of specific columns that should be saved.

:raise_on_failure

set to true or false to override the current raise_on_save_failure setting

:server

set the server/shard on the object before saving, and use that server/shard in any transaction.

:transaction

set to true or false to override the current use_transactions setting

:validate

set to false to skip validation

Raises:



1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1537

def save(opts=OPTS)
  raise Sequel::Error, "can't save frozen object" if frozen?
  set_server(opts[:server]) if opts[:server] 
  _before_validation
  if opts[:validate] != false
    unless checked_save_failure(opts){_valid?(true, opts)}
      raise(ValidationFailed.new(self)) if raise_on_failure?(opts)
      return
    end
  end
  checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_save(opts)}}
end

#save_changes(opts = OPTS) ⇒ Object

Saves only changed columns if the object has been modified. If the object has not been modified, returns nil. If unable to save, returns false unless raise_on_save_failure is true.

a = Artist[1]
a.save_changes # => nil
a.name = 'Jim'
a.save_changes # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Bob' WHERE (id = 1)
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}



1559
1560
1561
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1559

def save_changes(opts=OPTS)
  save(Hash[opts].merge!(:changed=>true)) || false if modified? 
end

#set(hash) ⇒ Object

Updates the instance with the supplied values with support for virtual attributes, raising an exception if a value is used that doesn’t have a setter method (or ignoring it if strict_param_setting = false). Does not save the record.

artist.set(:name=>'Jim')
artist.name # => 'Jim'



1570
1571
1572
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1570

def set(hash)
  set_restricted(hash, :default)
end

#set_all(hash) ⇒ Object

Set all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns in the model.

Artist.set_allowed_columns(:num_albums)
artist.set_all(:name=>'Jim')
artist.name # => 'Jim'



1580
1581
1582
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1580

def set_all(hash)
  set_restricted(hash, :all)
end

#set_fields(hash, fields, opts = nil) ⇒ Object

For each of the fields in the given array fields, call the setter method with the value of that hash entry for the field. Returns self.

You can provide an options hash, with the following options currently respected:

:missing

Can be set to :skip to skip missing entries or :raise to raise an Error for missing entries. The default behavior is not to check for missing entries, in which case the default value is used. To be friendly with most web frameworks, the missing check will also check for the string version of the argument in the hash if given a symbol.

Examples:

artist.set_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, [:name])
artist.name # => 'Jim'

artist.set_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, [:name])
artist.name # => nil
artist.hometown # => 'Sac'

artist.name # => 'Jim'
artist.set_fields({}, [:name], :missing=>:skip)
artist.name # => 'Jim'

artist.name # => 'Jim'
artist.set_fields({}, [:name], :missing=>:raise)
# Sequel::Error raised



1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1610

def set_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)
  opts = if opts
    Hash[model.default_set_fields_options].merge!(opts)
  else
    model.default_set_fields_options
  end

  case opts[:missing]
  when :skip
    fields.each do |f|
      if hash.has_key?(f) 
        set_column_value("#{f}=", hash[f])
      elsif f.is_a?(Symbol) && hash.has_key?(sf = f.to_s)
        set_column_value("#{sf}=", hash[sf])
      end
    end
  when :raise
    fields.each do |f|
      if hash.has_key?(f)
        set_column_value("#{f}=", hash[f])
      elsif f.is_a?(Symbol) && hash.has_key?(sf = f.to_s)
        set_column_value("#{sf}=", hash[sf])
      else
        raise(Sequel::Error, "missing field in hash: #{f.inspect} not in #{hash.inspect}")
      end
    end
  else
    fields.each{|f| set_column_value("#{f}=", hash[f])}
  end
  self
end

#set_only(hash, *only) ⇒ Object

Set the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only. It may be a better idea to use set_fields instead of this method.

artist.set_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
artist.name # => 'Jim'

artist.set_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise Error



1650
1651
1652
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1650

def set_only(hash, *only)
  set_restricted(hash, only.flatten)
end

#set_server(s) ⇒ Object

Set the shard that this object is tied to. Returns self.



1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1655

def set_server(s)
  @server = s
  @this.opts[:server] = s if @this
  self
end

#singleton_method_added(meth) ⇒ Object

Clear the setter_methods cache when a method is added



1662
1663
1664
1665
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1662

def singleton_method_added(meth)
  @singleton_setter_added = true if meth.to_s =~ SETTER_METHOD_REGEXP
  super
end

#this ⇒ Object

Returns (naked) dataset that should return only this instance.

Artist[1].this
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) LIMIT 1

Raises:



1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1671

def this
  return @this if @this
  raise Error, "No dataset for model #{model}" unless ds = model.instance_dataset

  cond = if ds.joined_dataset?
    qualified_pk_hash
  else
    pk_hash
  end

  @this = use_server(ds.where(cond))
end

#update(hash) ⇒ Object

Runs #set with the passed hash and then runs save_changes.

artist.update(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)



1687
1688
1689
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1687

def update(hash)
  update_restricted(hash, :default)
end

#update_all(hash) ⇒ Object

Update all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns in the model.

Artist.set_allowed_columns(:num_albums)
artist.update_all(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)



1696
1697
1698
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1696

def update_all(hash)
  update_restricted(hash, :all)
end

#update_fields(hash, fields, opts = nil) ⇒ Object

Update the instances values by calling set_fields with the arguments, then saves any changes to the record. Returns self.

artist.update_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, [:name])
# UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

artist.update_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, [:name])
# UPDATE artists SET name = NULL WHERE (id = 1)



1708
1709
1710
1711
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1708

def update_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)
  set_fields(hash, fields, opts)
  save_changes
end

#update_only(hash, *only) ⇒ Object

Update the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only. It may be a better idea to use update_fields instead of this method.

artist.update_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
# UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

artist.update_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise Error



1721
1722
1723
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1721

def update_only(hash, *only)
  update_restricted(hash, only.flatten)
end

#use_prepared_statements_for?(type) ⇒ Boolean

Whether prepared statements should be used for the given type of query (:insert, :insert_select, :refresh, :update, or :delete). True by default, can be overridden in other plugins to disallow prepared statements for specific types of queries.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


8
9
10
 
# File 'lib/sequel/plugins/prepared_statements.rb', line 8

def use_prepared_statements_for?(type)
  true
end

#valid?(opts = OPTS) ⇒ Boolean

Validates the object and returns true if no errors are reported.

artist(:name=>'Valid').valid? # => true
artist(:name=>'Invalid').valid? # => false
artist.errors.full_messages # => ['name cannot be Invalid']

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


1739
1740
1741
1742
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1739

def valid?(opts = OPTS)
  _before_validation
  _valid?(false, opts)
end

#validate ⇒ Object

Validates the object. If the object is invalid, errors should be added to the errors attribute. By default, does nothing, as all models are valid by default. See the “Model Validations” guide. for details about validation. Should not be called directly by user code, call valid? instead to check if an object is valid.



1731
1732
 
# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 1731

def validate
end