Class: Trollop::Parser

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/trollop.rb

Overview

The commandline parser. In typical usage, the methods in this class will be handled internally by Trollop::options. In this case, only the #opt, #banner and #version, #depends, and #conflicts methods will typically be called.

If you want to instantiate this class yourself (for more complicated argument-parsing logic), call #parse to actually produce the output hash, and consider calling it from within Trollop::with_standard_exception_handling.

Constant Summary collapse

FLAG_TYPES =

The set of values that indicate a flag option when passed as the :type parameter of #opt.

[:flag, :bool, :boolean]
SINGLE_ARG_TYPES =

The set of values that indicate a single-parameter (normal) option when passed as the :type parameter of #opt.

A value of io corresponds to a readable IO resource, including a filename, URI, or the strings ‘stdin’ or ‘-’.

[:int, :integer, :string, :double, :float, :io, :date]
MULTI_ARG_TYPES =

The set of values that indicate a multiple-parameter option (i.e., that takes multiple space-separated values on the commandline) when passed as the :type parameter of #opt.

[:ints, :integers, :strings, :doubles, :floats, :ios, :dates]
TYPES =

The complete set of legal values for the :type parameter of #opt.

FLAG_TYPES + SINGLE_ARG_TYPES + MULTI_ARG_TYPES
INVALID_SHORT_ARG_REGEX =

:nodoc:

/[\d-]/

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(*a, &b) ⇒ Parser

Initializes the parser, and instance-evaluates any block given.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 70

def initialize *a, &b
  @version = nil
  @leftovers = []
  @specs = {}
  @long = {}
  @short = {}
  @order = []
  @constraints = []
  @stop_words = []
  @stop_on_unknown = false

  #instance_eval(&b) if b # can't take arguments
  cloaker(&b).bind(self).call(*a) if b
end

Instance Attribute Details

#leftovers ⇒ Object (readonly)

The values from the commandline that were not interpreted by #parse.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 63

def leftovers
  @leftovers
end

#specs ⇒ Object (readonly)

The complete configuration hashes for each option. (Mainly useful for testing.)



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 67

def specs
  @specs
end

Instance Method Details

Adds text to the help display. Can be interspersed with calls to #opt to build a multi-section help page.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 238

def banner s; @order << [:text, s] end

#conflicts(*syms) ⇒ Object

Marks two (or more!) options as conflicting.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 250

def conflicts *syms
  syms.each { |sym| raise ArgumentError, "unknown option '#{sym}'" unless @specs[sym] }
  @constraints << [:conflicts, syms]
end

#depends(*syms) ⇒ Object

Marks two (or more!) options as requiring each other. Only handles undirected (i.e., mutual) dependencies. Directed dependencies are better modeled with Trollop::die.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 244

def depends *syms
  syms.each { |sym| raise ArgumentError, "unknown option '#{sym}'" unless @specs[sym] }
  @constraints << [:depends, syms]
end

#die(arg, msg) ⇒ Object

The per-parser version of Trollop::die (see that for documentation).



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 514

def die arg, msg
  if msg
    $stderr.puts "Error: argument --#{@specs[arg][:long]} #{msg}."
  else
    $stderr.puts "Error: #{arg}."
  end
  $stderr.puts "Try --help for help."
  exit(-1)
end

#educate(stream = $stdout) ⇒ Object

Print the help message to stream.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 425

def educate stream=$stdout
  width # hack: calculate it now; otherwise we have to be careful not to
        # call this unless the cursor's at the beginning of a line.
  left = {}
  @specs.each do |name, spec|
    left[name] = "--#{spec[:long]}" +
      (spec[:type] == :flag && spec[:default] ? ", --no-#{spec[:long]}" : "") +
      (spec[:short] && spec[:short] != :none ? ", -#{spec[:short]}" : "") +
      case spec[:type]
      when :flag; ""
      when :int; " <i>"
      when :ints; " <i+>"
      when :string; " <s>"
      when :strings; " <s+>"
      when :float; " <f>"
      when :floats; " <f+>"
      when :io; " <filename/uri>"
      when :ios; " <filename/uri+>"
      when :date; " <date>"
      when :dates; " <date+>"
      end
  end

  leftcol_width = left.values.map { |s| s.length }.max || 0
  rightcol_start = leftcol_width + 6 # spaces

  unless @order.size > 0 && @order.first.first == :text
    stream.puts "#@version\n" if @version
    stream.puts "Options:"
  end

  @order.each do |what, opt|
    if what == :text
      stream.puts wrap(opt)
      next
    end

    spec = @specs[opt]
    stream.printf "  %#{leftcol_width}s:   ", left[opt]
    desc = spec[:desc] + begin
      default_s = case spec[:default]
      when $stdout; "<stdout>"
      when $stdin; "<stdin>"
      when $stderr; "<stderr>"
      when Array
        spec[:default].join(", ")
      else
        spec[:default].to_s
      end

      if spec[:default]
        if spec[:desc] =~ /\.$/
          " (Default: #{default_s})"
        else
          " (default: #{default_s})"
        end
      else
        ""
      end
    end
    stream.puts wrap(desc, :width => width - rightcol_start - 1, :prefix => rightcol_start)
  end
end

#opt(name, desc = "", opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Define an option. name is the option name, a unique identifier for the option that you will use internally, which should be a symbol or a string. desc is a string description which will be displayed in help messages.

Takes the following optional arguments:

:long

Specify the long form of the argument, i.e. the form with two dashes. If unspecified, will be automatically derived based on the argument name by turning the name option into a string, and replacing any _’s by -‘s.

:short

Specify the short form of the argument, i.e. the form with one dash. If unspecified, will be automatically derived from name.

:type

Require that the argument take a parameter or parameters of type type. For a single parameter, the value can be a member of SINGLE_ARG_TYPES, or a corresponding Ruby class (e.g. Integer for :int). For multiple-argument parameters, the value can be any member of MULTI_ARG_TYPES constant. If unset, the default argument type is :flag, meaning that the argument does not take a parameter. The specification of :type is not necessary if a :default is given.

:default

Set the default value for an argument. Without a default value, the hash returned by #parse (and thus Trollop::options) will have a nil value for this key unless the argument is given on the commandline. The argument type is derived automatically from the class of the default value given, so specifying a :type is not necessary if a :default is given. (But see below for an important caveat when :multi: is specified too.) If the argument is a flag, and the default is set to true, then if it is specified on the the commandline the value will be false.

:required

If set to true, the argument must be provided on the commandline.

:multi

If set to true, allows multiple occurrences of the option on the commandline. Otherwise, only a single instance of the option is allowed. (Note that this is different from taking multiple parameters. See below.)

Note that there are two types of argument multiplicity: an argument can take multiple values, e.g. “–arg 1 2 3”. An argument can also be allowed to occur multiple times, e.g. “–arg 1 –arg 2”.

Arguments that take multiple values should have a :type parameter drawn from MULTI_ARG_TYPES (e.g. :strings), or a :default: value of an array of the correct type (e.g. [String]). The value of this argument will be an array of the parameters on the commandline.

Arguments that can occur multiple times should be marked with :multi => true. The value of this argument will also be an array. In contrast with regular non-multi options, if not specified on the commandline, the default value will be [], not nil.

These two attributes can be combined (e.g. :type => :strings, :multi => true), in which case the value of the argument will be an array of arrays.

There’s one ambiguous case to be aware of: when :multi: is true and a :default is set to an array (of something), it’s ambiguous whether this is a multi-value argument as well as a multi-occurrence argument. In thise case, Trollop assumes that it’s not a multi-value argument. If you want a multi-value, multi-occurrence argument with a default value, you must specify :type as well.

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 125

def opt name, desc="", opts={}
  raise ArgumentError, "you already have an argument named '#{name}'" if @specs.member? name

  ## fill in :type
  opts[:type] = # normalize
    case opts[:type]
    when :boolean, :bool; :flag
    when :integer; :int
    when :integers; :ints
    when :double; :float
    when :doubles; :floats
    when Class
      case opts[:type].name
      when 'TrueClass', 'FalseClass'; :flag
      when 'String'; :string
      when 'Integer'; :int
      when 'Float'; :float
      when 'IO'; :io
      when 'Date'; :date
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type '#{opts[:type].class.name}'"
      end
    when nil; nil
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type '#{opts[:type]}'" unless TYPES.include?(opts[:type])
      opts[:type]
    end

  ## for options with :multi => true, an array default doesn't imply
  ## a multi-valued argument. for that you have to specify a :type
  ## as well. (this is how we disambiguate an ambiguous situation;
  ## see the docs for Parser#opt for details.)
  disambiguated_default = if opts[:multi] && opts[:default].is_a?(Array) && !opts[:type]
    opts[:default].first
  else
    opts[:default]
  end

  type_from_default =
    case disambiguated_default
    when Integer; :int
    when Numeric; :float
    when TrueClass, FalseClass; :flag
    when String; :string
    when IO; :io
    when Date; :date
    when Array
      if opts[:default].empty?
        raise ArgumentError, "multiple argument type cannot be deduced from an empty array for '#{opts[:default][0].class.name}'"
      end
      case opts[:default][0]    # the first element determines the types
      when Integer; :ints
      when Numeric; :floats
      when String; :strings
      when IO; :ios
      when Date; :dates
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "unsupported multiple argument type '#{opts[:default][0].class.name}'"
      end
    when nil; nil
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type '#{opts[:default].class.name}'"
    end

  raise ArgumentError, ":type specification and default type don't match (default type is #{type_from_default})" if opts[:type] && type_from_default && opts[:type] != type_from_default

  opts[:type] = opts[:type] || type_from_default || :flag

  ## fill in :long
  opts[:long] = opts[:long] ? opts[:long].to_s : name.to_s.gsub("_", "-")
  opts[:long] = case opts[:long]
    when /^--([^-].*)$/; $1
    when /^[^-]/; opts[:long]
    else; raise ArgumentError, "invalid long option name #{opts[:long].inspect}"
  end
  raise ArgumentError, "long option name #{opts[:long].inspect} is already taken; please specify a (different) :long" if @long[opts[:long]]

  ## fill in :short
  opts[:short] = opts[:short].to_s if opts[:short] unless opts[:short] == :none
  opts[:short] = case opts[:short]
    when /^-(.)$/; $1
    when nil, :none, /^.$/; opts[:short]
    else raise ArgumentError, "invalid short option name '#{opts[:short].inspect}'"
  end

  if opts[:short]
    raise ArgumentError, "short option name #{opts[:short].inspect} is already taken; please specify a (different) :short" if @short[opts[:short]]
    raise ArgumentError, "a short option name can't be a number or a dash" if opts[:short] =~ INVALID_SHORT_ARG_REGEX
  end

  ## fill in :default for flags
  opts[:default] = false if opts[:type] == :flag && opts[:default].nil?

  ## autobox :default for :multi (multi-occurrence) arguments
  opts[:default] = [opts[:default]] if opts[:default] && opts[:multi] && !opts[:default].is_a?(Array)

  ## fill in :multi
  opts[:multi] ||= false

  opts[:desc] ||= desc
  @long[opts[:long]] = name
  @short[opts[:short]] = name if opts[:short] && opts[:short] != :none
  @specs[name] = opts
  @order << [:opt, name]
end

#parse(cmdline = ARGV) ⇒ Object

Parses the commandline. Typically called by Trollop::options, but you can call it directly if you need more control.

throws CommandlineError, HelpNeeded, and VersionNeeded exceptions.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 280

def parse cmdline=ARGV
  vals = {}
  required = {}

  opt :version, "Print version and exit" if @version unless @specs[:version] || @long["version"]
  opt :help, "Show this message" unless @specs[:help] || @long["help"]

  @specs.each do |sym, opts|
    required[sym] = true if opts[:required]
    vals[sym] = opts[:default]
    vals[sym] = [] if opts[:multi] && !opts[:default] # multi arguments default to [], not nil
  end

  resolve_default_short_options!

  ## resolve symbols
  given_args = {}
  @leftovers = each_arg cmdline do |arg, params|
    ## handle --no- forms
    arg, negative_given = if arg =~ /^--no-([^-]\S*)$/
      ["--#{$1}", true]
    else
      [arg, false]
    end

    sym = case arg
      when /^-([^-])$/; @short[$1]
      when /^--([^-]\S*)$/; @long[$1] || @long["no-#{$1}"]
      else; raise CommandlineError, "invalid argument syntax: '#{arg}'"
    end

    sym = nil if arg =~ /--no-/ # explicitly invalidate --no-no- arguments

    raise CommandlineError, "unknown argument '#{arg}'" unless sym

    if given_args.include?(sym) && !@specs[sym][:multi]
      raise CommandlineError, "option '#{arg}' specified multiple times"
    end

    given_args[sym] ||= {}
    given_args[sym][:arg] = arg
    given_args[sym][:negative_given] = negative_given
    given_args[sym][:params] ||= []

    # The block returns the number of parameters taken.
    num_params_taken = 0

    unless params.nil?
      if SINGLE_ARG_TYPES.include?(@specs[sym][:type])
        given_args[sym][:params] << params[0, 1]  # take the first parameter
        num_params_taken = 1
      elsif MULTI_ARG_TYPES.include?(@specs[sym][:type])
        given_args[sym][:params] << params        # take all the parameters
        num_params_taken = params.size
      end
    end

    num_params_taken
  end

  ## check for version and help args
  raise VersionNeeded if given_args.include? :version
  raise HelpNeeded if given_args.include? :help

  ## check constraint satisfaction
  @constraints.each do |type, syms|
    constraint_sym = syms.find { |sym| given_args[sym] }
    next unless constraint_sym

    case type
    when :depends
      syms.each { |sym| raise CommandlineError, "--#{@specs[constraint_sym][:long]} requires --#{@specs[sym][:long]}" unless given_args.include? sym }
    when :conflicts
      syms.each { |sym| raise CommandlineError, "--#{@specs[constraint_sym][:long]} conflicts with --#{@specs[sym][:long]}" if given_args.include?(sym) && (sym != constraint_sym) }
    end
  end

  required.each do |sym, val|
    raise CommandlineError, "option --#{@specs[sym][:long]} must be specified" unless given_args.include? sym
  end

  ## parse parameters
  given_args.each do |sym, given_data|
    arg, params, negative_given = given_data.values_at :arg, :params, :negative_given

    opts = @specs[sym]
    raise CommandlineError, "option '#{arg}' needs a parameter" if params.empty? && opts[:type] != :flag

    vals["#{sym}_given".intern] = true # mark argument as specified on the commandline

    case opts[:type]
    when :flag
      vals[sym] = (sym.to_s =~ /^no_/ ? negative_given : !negative_given)
    when :int, :ints
      vals[sym] = params.map { |pg| pg.map { |p| parse_integer_parameter p, arg } }
    when :float, :floats
      vals[sym] = params.map { |pg| pg.map { |p| parse_float_parameter p, arg } }
    when :string, :strings
      vals[sym] = params.map { |pg| pg.map { |p| p.to_s } }
    when :io, :ios
      vals[sym] = params.map { |pg| pg.map { |p| parse_io_parameter p, arg } }
    when :date, :dates
      vals[sym] = params.map { |pg| pg.map { |p| parse_date_parameter p, arg } }
    end

    if SINGLE_ARG_TYPES.include?(opts[:type])
      unless opts[:multi]       # single parameter
        vals[sym] = vals[sym][0][0]
      else                      # multiple options, each with a single parameter
        vals[sym] = vals[sym].map { |p| p[0] }
      end
    elsif MULTI_ARG_TYPES.include?(opts[:type]) && !opts[:multi]
      vals[sym] = vals[sym][0]  # single option, with multiple parameters
    end
    # else: multiple options, with multiple parameters
  end

  ## modify input in place with only those
  ## arguments we didn't process
  cmdline.clear
  @leftovers.each { |l| cmdline << l }

  ## allow openstruct-style accessors
  class << vals
    def method_missing(m, *args)
      self[m] || self[m.to_s]
    end
  end
  vals
end

#parse_date_parameter(param, arg) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 411

def parse_date_parameter param, arg #:nodoc:
  begin
    begin
      time = Chronic.parse(param)
    rescue NameError
      # chronic is not available
    end
    time ? Date.new(time.year, time.month, time.day) : Date.parse(param)
  rescue ArgumentError
    raise CommandlineError, "option '#{arg}' needs a date"
  end
end

#stop_on(*words) ⇒ Object

Defines a set of words which cause parsing to terminate when encountered, such that any options to the left of the word are parsed as usual, and options to the right of the word are left intact.

A typical use case would be for subcommand support, where these would be set to the list of subcommands. A subsequent Trollop invocation would then be used to parse subcommand options, after shifting the subcommand off of ARGV.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 264

def stop_on *words
  @stop_words = [*words].flatten
end

#stop_on_unknown ⇒ Object

Similar to #stop_on, but stops on any unknown word when encountered (unless it is a parameter for an argument). This is useful for cases where you don’t know the set of subcommands ahead of time, i.e., without first parsing the global options.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 272

def stop_on_unknown
  @stop_on_unknown = true
end

#version(s = nil) ⇒ Object

Sets the version string. If set, the user can request the version on the commandline. Should probably be of the form “<program name> <version number>”.



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 234

def version s=nil; @version = s if s; @version end

#width ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 489

def width #:nodoc:
  @width ||= if $stdout.tty?
    begin
      require 'curses'
      Curses::init_screen
      x = Curses::cols
      Curses::close_screen
      x
    rescue Exception
      80
    end
  else
    80
  end
end

#wrap(str, opts = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/trollop.rb', line 505

def wrap str, opts={} # :nodoc:
  if str == ""
    [""]
  else
    str.split("\n").map { |s| wrap_line s, opts }.flatten
  end
end