Module: Turbo::Broadcastable

Extended by:
ActiveSupport::Concern
Defined in:
app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb,
lib/turbo/broadcastable/test_helper.rb

Overview

Turbo streams can be broadcasted directly from models that include this module (this is automatically done for Active Records). This makes it convenient to execute both synchronous and asynchronous updates, and render directly from callbacks in models or from controllers or jobs that act on those models. Here’s an example:

class Clearance < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :petitioner, class_name: "Contact"
  belongs_to :examiner,   class_name: "User"

  after_create_commit :broadcast_later

  private
    def broadcast_later
      broadcast_prepend_later_to examiner.identity, :clearances
    end
end

This is an example from HEY, and the clearance is the model that drives the screener, which gives users the power to deny first-time senders (petitioners) access to their attention (as the examiner). When a new clearance is created upon receipt of an email from a first-time sender, that’ll trigger the call to broadcast_later, which in turn invokes broadcast_prepend_later_to.

That method enqueues a Turbo::Streams::ActionBroadcastJob for the prepend, which will render the partial for clearance (it knows which by calling Clearance#to_partial_path, which in this case returns clearances/_clearance.html.erb), send that to all users that have subscribed to updates (using turbo_stream_from(examiner.identity, :clearances) in a view) using the Turbo::StreamsChannel under the stream name derived from [ examiner.identity, :clearances ], and finally prepend the result of that partial rendering to the target identified with the dom id “clearances” (which is derived by default from the plural model name of the model, but can be overwritten).

You can also choose to render html instead of a partial inside of a broadcast you do this by passing the html: option to any broadcast method that accepts the **rendering argument. Example:

class Message < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user

  after_create_commit :update_message_count

  private
    def update_message_count
      broadcast_update_to(user, :messages, target: "message-count", html: "<p> #{user.messages.count} </p>")
    end
end

If you want to render a template instead of a partial, e.g. (‘messages/index’ or ‘messages/show’), you can use the template: option. Again, only to any broadcast method that accepts the **rendering argument. Example:

class Message < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user

  after_create_commit :update_message

  private
    def update_message
      broadcast_replace_to(user, :message, target: "message", template: "messages/show", locals: { message: self })
    end
end

If you want to render a renderable object you can use the renderable: option.

class Message < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user

  after_create_commit :update_message

  private
    def update_message
      broadcast_replace_to(user, :message, target: "message", renderable: MessageComponent.new)
    end
end

There are seven basic actions you can broadcast: after, append, before, prepend, remove, replace, and update. As a rule, you should use the _later versions of everything except for remove when broadcasting within a real-time path, like a controller or model, since all those updates require a rendering step, which can slow down execution. You don’t need to do this for remove, since only the dom id for the model is used.

In addition to the seven basic actions, you can also use broadcast_render, broadcast_render_to broadcast_render_later, and broadcast_render_later_to to render a turbo stream template with multiple actions.

Page refreshes

You can broadcast “page refresh” stream actions. This will make subscribed clients reload the page. For pages that configure morphing and scroll preservation, this will translate into smooth updates when it only updates the content that changed.

This approach is an alternative to fine-grained stream actions targeting specific DOM elements. It offers good fidelity with a much simpler programming model. As a tradeoff, the fidelity you can reach is often not as high as with targeted stream actions since it renders the entire page again.

The broadcasts_refreshes class method configures the model to broadcast a “page refresh” on creates, updates, and destroys to a stream name derived at runtime by the stream symbol invocation. Examples

class Board < ApplicationRecord
  broadcasts_refreshes
end

In this example, when a board is created, updated, or destroyed, a Turbo Stream for a page refresh will be broadcasted to all clients subscribed to the “boards” stream.

This works great in hierarchical structures, where the child record touches parent records automatically to invalidate the cache:

class Column < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :board, touch: true # +Board+ will trigger a page refresh on column changes
end

You can also specify the streamable declaratively by passing a symbol to the broadcasts_refreshes_to method:

class Column < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :board
  broadcasts_refreshes_to :board
end

For more granular control, you can also broadcast a “page refresh” to a stream name derived from the passed streamables by using the instance-level methods broadcast_refresh_to or broadcast_refresh_later_to. These methods are particularly useful when you want to trigger a page refresh for more specific scenarios. Example:

class Clearance < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :petitioner, class_name: "Contact"
  belongs_to :examiner,   class_name: "User"

  after_create_commit :broadcast_refresh_later

  private
    def broadcast_refresh_later
      broadcast_refresh_later_to examiner.identity, :clearances
    end
end

In this example, a “page refresh” is broadcast to the stream named “identity:<identity-id>:clearances” after a new clearance is created. All clients subscribed to this stream will refresh the page to reflect the changes.

When broadcasting page refreshes, Turbo will automatically debounce multiple calls in a row to only broadcast the last one. This is meant for scenarios where you process records in mass. Because of the nature of such signals, it makes no sense to broadcast them repeatedly and individually.

Suppressing broadcasts

Sometimes, you need to disable broadcasts in certain scenarios. You can use .suppressing_turbo_broadcasts to create execution contexts where broadcasts are disabled:

class Message < ApplicationRecord
  after_create_commit :update_message

  private
    def update_message
      broadcast_replace_to(user, :message, target: "message", renderable: MessageComponent.new)
    end
end

Message.suppressing_turbo_broadcasts do
  Message.create!(board: board) # This won't broadcast the replace action
end

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: ClassMethods, TestHelper

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#broadcast_action(action, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_action_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 396

def broadcast_action(action, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering)
  broadcast_action_to self, action: action, target: target, attributes: attributes, **rendering
end

#broadcast_action_later(action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_action_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 456

def broadcast_action_later(action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering)
  broadcast_action_later_to self, action: action, target: target, attributes: attributes, **rendering
end

#broadcast_action_later_to(*streamables, action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_action_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 451

def broadcast_action_later_to(*streamables, action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_action_later_to(*streamables, action: action, target: target, attributes: attributes, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_action_to(*streamables, action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Broadcast a named action, allowing for dynamic dispatch, instead of using the concrete action methods. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="prepend" target="clearances"><template><div id="clearance_5">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_action_to examiner.identity, :clearances, action: :prepend, target: "clearances"



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 391

def broadcast_action_to(*streamables, action:, target: broadcast_target_default, attributes: {}, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_action_to(*streamables, action: action, target: target, attributes: attributes, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_after_to(*streamables, target:, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Insert a rendering of this broadcastable model after the target identified by it’s dom id passed as target for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="after" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_6">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_after_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearance_5"

# Sends <turbo-stream action="after" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_6">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_after_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearance_5",
  partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 327

def broadcast_after_to(*streamables, target:, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_after_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering))
end

#broadcast_append(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_append_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 348

def broadcast_append(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  broadcast_append_to self, target: target, **rendering
end

#broadcast_append_later(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_append_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 426

def broadcast_append_later(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  broadcast_append_later_to self, target: target, **rendering
end

#broadcast_append_later_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_append_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 421

def broadcast_append_later_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_append_later_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_append_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Append a rendering of this broadcastable model to the target identified by it’s dom id passed as target for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="append" target="clearances"><template><div id="clearance_5">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_append_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearances"

# Sends <turbo-stream action="append" target="clearances"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_append_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearances",
  partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 343

def broadcast_append_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_append_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_before_to(*streamables, target:, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Insert a rendering of this broadcastable model before the target identified by it’s dom id passed as target for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="before" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_4">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_before_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearance_5"

# Sends <turbo-stream action="before" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_4">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_before_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearance_5",
  partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 311

def broadcast_before_to(*streamables, target:, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_before_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering))
end

#broadcast_prepend(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_prepend_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 369

def broadcast_prepend(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  broadcast_prepend_to self, target: target, **rendering
end

#broadcast_prepend_later(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_prepend_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 436

def broadcast_prepend_later(target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  broadcast_prepend_later_to self, target: target, **rendering
end

#broadcast_prepend_later_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_prepend_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 431

def broadcast_prepend_later_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_prepend_later_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_prepend_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Prepend a rendering of this broadcastable model to the target identified by it’s dom id passed as target for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="prepend" target="clearances"><template><div id="clearance_5">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_prepend_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearances"

# Sends <turbo-stream action="prepend" target="clearances"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_prepend_to examiner.identity, :clearances, target: "clearances",
  partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 364

def broadcast_prepend_to(*streamables, target: broadcast_target_default, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_prepend_to(*streamables, target: target, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_refresh ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_refresh_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 382

def broadcast_refresh
  broadcast_refresh_to self
end

#broadcast_refresh_later ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_refresh_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 446

def broadcast_refresh_later
  broadcast_refresh_later_to self
end

#broadcast_refresh_later_to(*streamables) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_refresh_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 441

def broadcast_refresh_later_to(*streamables)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_refresh_later_to(*streamables, request_id: Turbo.current_request_id) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_refresh_to(*streamables) ⇒ Object

Broadcast a “page refresh” to the stream name identified by the passed streamables. Example:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="refresh"></turbo-stream> to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_refresh_to examiner.identity, :clearances



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 377

def broadcast_refresh_to(*streamables)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_refresh_to(*streamables) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_remove ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_remove_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 249

def broadcast_remove
  broadcast_remove_to self
end

#broadcast_remove_to(*streamables, target: self) ⇒ Object

Remove this broadcastable model from the dom for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. Example:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="remove" target="clearance_5"></turbo-stream> to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_remove_to examiner.identity, :clearances



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 244

def broadcast_remove_to(*streamables, target: self)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_remove_to(*streamables, target: target) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_render(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Render a turbo stream template with this broadcastable model passed as the local variable. Example:

# Template: entries/_entry.turbo_stream.erb
<%= turbo_stream.remove entry %>

<%= turbo_stream.append "entries", entry if entry.active? %>

Sends:

<turbo-stream action="remove" target="entry_5"></turbo-stream>
<turbo-stream action="append" target="entries"><template><div id="entry_5">My Entry</div></template></turbo-stream>

…to the stream named “entry:5”.

Note that rendering inline via this method will cause template rendering to happen synchronously. That is usually not desireable for model callbacks, certainly not if those callbacks are inside of a transaction. Most of the time you should be using broadcast_render_later, unless you specifically know why synchronous rendering is needed.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 477

def broadcast_render(**rendering)
  broadcast_render_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_render_later(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_render_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 492

def broadcast_render_later(**rendering)
  broadcast_render_later_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_render_later_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_render_later but run with the added option of naming the stream using the passed streamables.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 498

def broadcast_render_later_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_render_later_to(*streamables, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_render_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_render but run with the added option of naming the stream using the passed streamables.

Note that rendering inline via this method will cause template rendering to happen synchronously. That is usually not desireable for model callbacks, certainly not if those callbacks are inside of a transaction. Most of the time you should be using broadcast_render_later_to, unless you specifically know why synchronous rendering is needed.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 487

def broadcast_render_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_render_to(*streamables, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_replace(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_replace_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 272

def broadcast_replace(**rendering)
  broadcast_replace_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_replace_later(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_replace_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 406

def broadcast_replace_later(**rendering)
  broadcast_replace_later_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_replace_later_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_replace_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 401

def broadcast_replace_later_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_replace_later_to(*streamables, target: self, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_replace_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Replace this broadcastable model in the dom for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="replace" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_replace_to examiner.identity, :clearances

# Sends <turbo-stream action="replace" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_replace_to examiner.identity, :clearances, partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }

# Sends <turbo-stream action="replace" method="morph" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_replace_to examiner.identity, :clearance, attributes: { method: :morph }, partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 267

def broadcast_replace_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_replace_to(*streamables, target: self, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_update(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_update_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 295

def broadcast_update(**rendering)
  broadcast_update_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_update_later(**rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as #broadcast_update_later_to, but the designated stream is automatically set to the current model.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 416

def broadcast_update_later(**rendering)
  broadcast_update_later_to self, **rendering
end

#broadcast_update_later_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Same as broadcast_update_to but run asynchronously via a Turbo::Streams::BroadcastJob.



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 411

def broadcast_update_later_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_update_later_to(*streamables, target: self, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end

#broadcast_update_to(*streamables, **rendering) ⇒ Object

Update this broadcastable model in the dom for subscribers of the stream name identified by the passed streamables. The rendering parameters can be set by appending named arguments to the call. Examples:

# Sends <turbo-stream action="update" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">My Clearance</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_update_to examiner.identity, :clearances

# Sends <turbo-stream action="update" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
clearance.broadcast_update_to examiner.identity, :clearances, partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }

# sends <turbo-stream action="update" method="morph" target="clearance_5"><template><div id="clearance_5">Other partial</div></template></turbo-stream>
# to the stream named "identity:2:clearances"
# clearance.broadcast_update_to examiner.identity, :clearances, attributes: { method: :morph }, partial: "clearances/other_partial", locals: { a: 1 }



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# File 'app/models/concerns/turbo/broadcastable.rb', line 290

def broadcast_update_to(*streamables, **rendering)
  Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_update_to(*streamables, target: self, **broadcast_rendering_with_defaults(rendering)) unless suppressed_turbo_broadcasts?
end