Module: Bundler

Defined in:
lib/bundler.rb

Overview

Bundler provides a consistent environment for Ruby projects by tracking and installing the exact gems and versions that are needed.

Since Ruby 2.6, Bundler is a part of Ruby’s standard library.

Bunder is used by creating gemfiles listing all the project dependencies and (optionally) their versions and then using

require 'bundler/setup'

or Bundler.setup to setup environment where only specified gems and their specified versions could be used.

See Bundler website for extensive documentation on gemfiles creation and Bundler usage.

As a standard library inside project, Bundler could be used for introspection of loaded and required modules.

Constant Summary collapse

ORIGINAL_ENV = 
environment_preserver.restore
SUDO_MUTEX = 
Mutex.new

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.app_cache(custom_path = nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 294

def app_cache(custom_path = nil)
  path = custom_path || root
  Pathname.new(path).join(settings.app_cache_path)
end

.app_config_path ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 286

def app_config_path
  if app_config = ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"]
    Pathname.new(app_config).expand_path(root)
  else
    root.join(".bundle")
  end
end

.bin_path ⇒ Object

Returns absolute location of where binstubs are installed to.



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 103

def bin_path
  @bin_path ||= begin
    path = settings[:bin] || "bin"
    path = Pathname.new(path).expand_path(root).expand_path
    SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path) {|p| FileUtils.mkdir_p(p) }
    path
  end
end

.bundle_path ⇒ Object

Returns absolute path of where gems are installed on the filesystem.



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 94

def bundle_path
  @bundle_path ||= Pathname.new(configured_bundle_path.path).expand_path(root)
end

.clean_env ⇒ Object

Deprecated.

Use ‘unbundled_env` instead



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 328

def clean_env
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
    2,
    "`Bundler.clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`",
    :print_caller_location => true
  )

  unbundled_env
end

.clean_exec(*args) ⇒ Object

Deprecated.

Use ‘unbundled_exec` instead



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 412

def clean_exec(*args)
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
    2,
    "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
    "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`",
    :print_caller_location => true
  )

  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

.clean_system(*args) ⇒ Object

Deprecated.

Use ‘unbundled_system` instead



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 390

def clean_system(*args)
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
    2,
    "`Bundler.clean_system` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
    "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`",
    :print_caller_location => true
  )

  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

.clear_gemspec_cache ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 572

def clear_gemspec_cache
  @gemspec_cache = {}
end

.configure ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 80

def configure
  @configured ||= configure_gem_home_and_path
end

.configured_bundle_path ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 98

def configured_bundle_path
  @configured_bundle_path ||= settings.path.tap(&:validate!)
end

.default_bundle_dir ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 441

def default_bundle_dir
  SharedHelpers.default_bundle_dir
end

.default_gemfile ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 433

def default_gemfile
  SharedHelpers.default_gemfile
end

.default_lockfile ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 437

def default_lockfile
  SharedHelpers.default_lockfile
end

.definition(unlock = nil) ⇒ Bundler::Definition

Returns an instance of Bundler::Definition for given Gemfile and lockfile

Parameters:

  • unlock (Hash, Boolean, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    Gems that have been requested to be updated or true if all gems should be updated

Returns:

  • (Bundler::Definition) 


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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 191

def definition(unlock = nil)
  @definition = nil if unlock
  @definition ||= begin
    configure
    Definition.build(default_gemfile, default_lockfile, unlock)
  end
end

.environment ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 181

def environment
  SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load", :print_caller_location => true
  load
end

.feature_flag ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 581

def feature_flag
  @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(VERSION)
end

.frozen_bundle? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 199

def frozen_bundle?
  frozen = settings[:deployment]
  frozen ||= settings[:frozen] unless feature_flag.deployment_means_frozen?
  frozen
end

.git_present? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 576

def git_present?
  return @git_present if defined?(@git_present)
  @git_present = Bundler.which("git") || Bundler.which("git.exe")
end

.home ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 264

def home
  bundle_path.join("bundler")
end

.install_path ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 268

def install_path
  home.join("gems")
end

.load ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 177

def load
  @load ||= Runtime.new(root, definition)
end

.load_gemspec(file, validate = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 545

def load_gemspec(file, validate = false)
  @gemspec_cache ||= {}
  key = File.expand_path(file)
  @gemspec_cache[key] ||= load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate)
  # Protect against caching side-effected gemspecs by returning a
  # new instance each time.
  @gemspec_cache[key].dup if @gemspec_cache[key]
end

.load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 554

def load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate = false)
  path = Pathname.new(file)
  contents = read_file(file)
  spec = if contents.start_with?("---") # YAML header
    eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents)
  else
    # Eval the gemspec from its parent directory, because some gemspecs
    # depend on "./" relative paths.
    SharedHelpers.chdir(path.dirname.to_s) do
      eval_gemspec(path, contents)
    end
  end
  return unless spec
  spec.loaded_from = path.expand_path.to_s
  Bundler.rubygems.validate(spec) if validate
  spec
end

.load_marshal(data) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 539

def load_marshal(data)
  Marshal.load(data)
rescue StandardError => e
  raise MarshalError, "#{e.class}: #{e.message}"
end

.local_platform ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 428

def local_platform
  return Gem::Platform::RUBY if settings[:force_ruby_platform]
  Gem::Platform.local
end

.locked_gems ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 205

def locked_gems
  @locked_gems ||=
    if defined?(@definition) && @definition
      definition.locked_gems
    elsif Bundler.default_lockfile.file?
      lock = Bundler.read_file(Bundler.default_lockfile)
      LockfileParser.new(lock)
    end
end

.mkdir_p(path, options = {}) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 486

def mkdir_p(path, options = {})
  if requires_sudo? && !options[:no_sudo]
    sudo "mkdir -p '#{path}'" unless File.exist?(path)
  else
    SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path, :write) do |p|
      FileUtils.mkdir_p(p)
    end
  end
end

.original_env ⇒ Hash

Returns Environment present before Bundler was activated.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    Environment present before Bundler was activated



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 323

def original_env
  ORIGINAL_ENV.clone
end

.original_exec(*args) ⇒ Object

Run a ‘Kernel.exec` to a subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 407

def original_exec(*args)
  with_original_env { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

.original_system(*args) ⇒ Object

Run subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 385

def original_system(*args)
  with_original_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

.read_file(file) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 533

def read_file(file)
  SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file, :read) do
    File.open(file, "r:UTF-8", &:read)
  end
end

.require(*groups) ⇒ Object

Setups Bundler environment (see Bundler.setup) if it is not already set, and loads all gems from groups specified. Unlike ::setup, can be called multiple times with different groups (if they were allowed by setup).

Assuming Gemfile

gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0'
group :test do
  gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0'
end

The code will work as follows:

Bundler.setup # allow all groups
Bundler.require(:default) # requires only first_gem
# ...later
Bundler.require(:test)   # requires second_gem



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 173

def require(*groups)
  setup(*groups).require(*groups)
end

.requires_sudo? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 458

def requires_sudo?
  return @requires_sudo if defined?(@requires_sudo_ran)

  sudo_present = which "sudo" if settings.allow_sudo?

  if sudo_present
    # the bundle path and subdirectories need to be writable for RubyGems
    # to be able to unpack and install gems without exploding
    path = bundle_path
    path = path.parent until path.exist?

    # bins are written to a different location on OS X
    bin_dir = Pathname.new(Bundler.system_bindir)
    bin_dir = bin_dir.parent until bin_dir.exist?

    # if any directory is not writable, we need sudo
    files = [path, bin_dir] | Dir[bundle_path.join("build_info/*").to_s] | Dir[bundle_path.join("*").to_s]
    unwritable_files = files.reject {|f| File.writable?(f) }
    sudo_needed = !unwritable_files.empty?
    if sudo_needed
      Bundler.ui.warn "Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:\n  #{unwritable_files.map(&:to_s).sort.join("\n  ")}"
    end
  end

  @requires_sudo_ran = true
  @requires_sudo = settings.allow_sudo? && sudo_present && sudo_needed
end

.reset! ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 585

def reset!
  reset_paths!
  Plugin.reset!
  reset_rubygems!
end

.reset_paths! ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 591

def reset_paths!
  @bin_path = nil
  @bundler_major_version = nil
  @bundle_path = nil
  @configured = nil
  @configured_bundle_path = nil
  @definition = nil
  @load = nil
  @locked_gems = nil
  @root = nil
  @settings = nil
  @setup = nil
  @user_home = nil
end

.reset_rubygems! ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 606

def reset_rubygems!
  return unless defined?(@rubygems) && @rubygems
  rubygems.undo_replacements
  rubygems.reset
  @rubygems = nil
end

.rm_rf(path) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 304

def rm_rf(path)
  FileUtils.remove_entry_secure(path) if path && File.exist?(path)
rescue ArgumentError
  message = <<EOF
It is a security vulnerability to allow your home directory to be world-writable, and bundler can not continue.
You should probably consider fixing this issue by running `chmod o-w ~` on *nix.
Please refer to https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.2/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/FileUtils.html#method-c-remove_entry_secure for details.
EOF
  File.world_writable?(path) ? Bundler.ui.warn(message) : raise
  raise PathError, "Please fix the world-writable issue with your #{path} directory"
end

.root ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 276

def root
  @root ||= begin
              SharedHelpers.root
            rescue GemfileNotFound
              bundle_dir = default_bundle_dir
              raise GemfileNotFound, "Could not locate Gemfile or .bundle/ directory" unless bundle_dir
              Pathname.new(File.expand_path("..", bundle_dir))
            end
end

.ruby_scope ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 215

def ruby_scope
  "#{Bundler.rubygems.ruby_engine}/#{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"]}"
end

.settings ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 316

def settings
  @settings ||= Settings.new(app_config_path)
rescue GemfileNotFound
  @settings = Settings.new(Pathname.new(".bundle").expand_path)
end

.setup(*groups) ⇒ Object

Turns on the Bundler runtime. After Bundler.setup call, all load or require of the gems would be allowed only if they are part of the Gemfile or Ruby’s standard library. If the versions specified in Gemfile, only those versions would be loaded.

Assuming Gemfile

gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0'
group :test do
  gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0'
end

The code using Bundler.setup works as follows:

require 'third_gem' # allowed, required from global gems
require 'first_gem' # allowed, loads the last installed version
Bundler.setup
require 'fourth_gem' # fails with LoadError
require 'second_gem' # loads exactly version 1.0

Bundler.setup can be called only once, all subsequent calls are no-op.

If groups list is provided, only gems from specified groups would be allowed (gems specified outside groups belong to special :default group).

To require all gems from Gemfile (or only some groups), see Bundler.require.



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 139

def setup(*groups)
  # Return if all groups are already loaded
  return @setup if defined?(@setup) && @setup

  definition.validate_runtime!

  SharedHelpers.print_major_deprecations!

  if groups.empty?
    # Load all groups, but only once
    @setup = load.setup
  else
    load.setup(*groups)
  end
end

.specs_path ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 272

def specs_path
  bundle_path.join("specifications")
end

.sudo(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 509

def sudo(str)
  SUDO_MUTEX.synchronize do
    prompt = "\n\n" + <<-PROMPT.gsub(/^ {6}/, "").strip + " "
    Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
    You can cancel this installation and run:

        bundle install --path vendor/bundle

    to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
    and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.

    Password:
    PROMPT

    unless @prompted_for_sudo ||= system(%(sudo -k -p "#{prompt}" true))
      raise SudoNotPermittedError,
        "Bundler requires sudo access to install at the moment. " \
        "Try installing again, granting Bundler sudo access when prompted, or installing into a different path."
    end

    `sudo -p "#{prompt}" #{str}`
  end
end

.system_bindir ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 445

def system_bindir
  # Gem.bindir doesn't always return the location that RubyGems will install
  # system binaries. If you put '-n foo' in your .gemrc, RubyGems will
  # install binstubs there instead. Unfortunately, RubyGems doesn't expose
  # that directory at all, so rather than parse .gemrc ourselves, we allow
  # the directory to be set as well, via `bundle config set bindir foo`.
  Bundler.settings[:system_bindir] || Bundler.rubygems.gem_bindir
end

.tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 299

def tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s)
  Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir")
  Pathname.new(Dir.mktmpdir(["bundler", name]))
end

.ui ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 84

def ui
  (defined?(@ui) && @ui) || (self.ui = UI::Shell.new)
end

.ui=(ui) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 88

def ui=(ui)
  Bundler.rubygems.ui = UI::RGProxy.new(ui)
  @ui = ui
end

.unbundled_env ⇒ Hash

Returns Environment with all bundler-related variables removed.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    Environment with all bundler-related variables removed



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 340

def unbundled_env
  env = original_env

  if env.key?("BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH")
    env["MANPATH"] = env["BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH"]
  end

  env.delete_if {|k, _| k[0, 7] == "BUNDLE_" }

  if env.key?("RUBYOPT")
    env["RUBYOPT"] = env["RUBYOPT"].sub "-rbundler/setup", ""
  end

  if env.key?("RUBYLIB")
    rubylib = env["RUBYLIB"].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
    rubylib.delete(File.expand_path("..", __FILE__))
    env["RUBYLIB"] = rubylib.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
  end

  env
end

.unbundled_exec(*args) ⇒ Object

Run a ‘Kernel.exec` to a subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 424

def unbundled_exec(*args)
  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

.unbundled_system(*args) ⇒ Object

Run subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 402

def unbundled_system(*args)
  with_unbundled_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

.use_system_gems? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 454

def use_system_gems?
  configured_bundle_path.use_system_gems?
end

.user_bundle_path(dir = "home") ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 242

def user_bundle_path(dir = "home")
  env_var, fallback = case dir
                      when "home"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_HOME", proc { Pathname.new(user_home).join(".bundle") }]
                      when "cache"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_CACHE", proc { user_bundle_path.join("cache") }]
                      when "config"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG", proc { user_bundle_path.join("config") }]
                      when "plugin"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_PLUGIN", proc { user_bundle_path.join("plugin") }]
                      else
                        raise BundlerError, "Unknown user path requested: #{dir}"
  end
  # `fallback` will already be a Pathname, but Pathname.new() is
  # idempotent so it's OK
  Pathname.new(ENV.fetch(env_var, &fallback))
end

.user_cache ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 260

def user_cache
  user_bundle_path("cache")
end

.user_home ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 219

def user_home
  @user_home ||= begin
    home = Bundler.rubygems.user_home
    bundle_home = home ? File.join(home, ".bundle") : nil

    warning = if home.nil?
      "Your home directory is not set."
    elsif !File.directory?(home)
      "`#{home}` is not a directory."
    elsif !File.writable?(home) && (!File.directory?(bundle_home) || !File.writable?(bundle_home))
      "`#{home}` is not writable."
    end

    if warning
      user_home = tmp_home_path(warning)
      Bundler.ui.warn "#{warning}\nBundler will use `#{user_home}' as your home directory temporarily.\n"
      user_home
    else
      Pathname.new(home)
    end
  end
end

.which(executable) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 496

def which(executable)
  if File.file?(executable) && File.executable?(executable)
    executable
  elsif paths = ENV["PATH"]
    quote = '"'.freeze
    paths.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).find do |path|
      path = path[1..-2] if path.start_with?(quote) && path.end_with?(quote)
      executable_path = File.expand_path(executable, path)
      return executable_path if File.file?(executable_path) && File.executable?(executable_path)
    end
  end
end

.with_clean_env ⇒ Object

Deprecated.

Use ‘with_unbundled_env` instead



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 368

def with_clean_env
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(
    2,
    "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`",
    :print_caller_location => true
  )

  with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end

.with_original_env ⇒ Object

Run block with environment present before Bundler was activated



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 363

def with_original_env
  with_env(original_env) { yield }
end

.with_unbundled_env ⇒ Object

Run block with all bundler-related variables removed



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# File 'lib/bundler.rb', line 380

def with_unbundled_env
  with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end