Module: Digest

Defined in:
digest.c,
lib/digest.rb,
sha2/lib/sha2.rb,
digest.c,
md5/md5init.c,
sha1/sha1init.c,
rmd160/rmd160init.c,
bubblebabble/bubblebabble.c

Overview

This module provides a framework for message digest libraries.

You may want to look at OpenSSL::Digest as it supports more algorithms.

A cryptographic hash function is a procedure that takes data and returns a fixed bit string: the hash value, also known as digest. Hash functions are also called one-way functions, it is easy to compute a digest from a message, but it is infeasible to generate a message from a digest.

Examples

require 'digest'

# Compute a complete digest
Digest::SHA256.digest 'message'       #=> "\xABS\n\x13\xE4Y..."

sha256 = Digest::SHA256.new
sha256.digest 'message'               #=> "\xABS\n\x13\xE4Y..."

# Other encoding formats
Digest::SHA256.hexdigest 'message'    #=> "ab530a13e459..."
Digest::SHA256.base64digest 'message' #=> "q1MKE+RZFJgr..."

# Compute digest by chunks
md5 = Digest::MD5.new
md5.update 'message1'
md5 << 'message2'                     # << is an alias for update

md5.hexdigest                         #=> "94af09c09bb9..."

# Compute digest for a file
sha256 = Digest::SHA256.file 'testfile'
sha256.hexdigest

Additionally digests can be encoded in “bubble babble” format as a sequence of consonants and vowels which is more recognizable and comparable than a hexadecimal digest.

require 'digest/bubblebabble'

Digest::SHA256.bubblebabble 'message' #=> "xopoh-fedac-fenyh-..."

See the bubble babble specification at web.mit.edu/kenta/www/one/bubblebabble/spec/jrtrjwzi/draft-huima-01.txt.

Digest algorithms

Different digest algorithms (or hash functions) are available:

MD5

See RFC 1321 The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm

RIPEMD-160

As Digest::RMD160. See homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html.

SHA1

See FIPS 180 Secure Hash Standard.

SHA2 family

See FIPS 180 Secure Hash Standard which defines the following algorithms:

  • SHA512

  • SHA384

  • SHA256

The latest versions of the FIPS publications can be found here: csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsFIPS.html.

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Instance Classes: Base, Class, MD5, RMD160, SHA1, SHA2

Constant Summary collapse

REQUIRE_MUTEX =

A mutex for Digest().

Thread::Mutex.new

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.bubblebabble(str) ⇒ Object

call-seq:

Digest.bubblebabble(string) -> bubblebabble_string

Returns a BubbleBabble encoded version of a given string.



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# File 'bubblebabble/bubblebabble.c', line 88

static VALUE
rb_digest_s_bubblebabble(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
{
    return bubblebabble_str_new(str);
}

.const_missing(name) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/digest.rb', line 8

def self.const_missing(name) # :nodoc:
  case name
  when :SHA256, :SHA384, :SHA512
    lib = 'digest/sha2.so'
  else
    lib = File.join('digest', name.to_s.downcase)
  end

  begin
    require lib
  rescue LoadError
    raise LoadError, "library not found for class Digest::#{name} -- #{lib}", caller(1)
  end
  unless Digest.const_defined?(name)
    raise NameError, "uninitialized constant Digest::#{name}", caller(1)
  end
  Digest.const_get(name)
end

.hexencode(string) ⇒ Object

Generates a hex-encoded version of a given string.



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# File 'digest.c', line 138

static VALUE
rb_digest_s_hexencode(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
{
    return hexencode_str_new(str);
}