Module: Etc

Defined in:
etc.c

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Group, Passwd

Constant Summary collapse

VERSION = 
rb_str_new_cstr(RUBY_ETC_VERSION)

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.confstr(arg) ⇒ Object

Returns system configuration variable using confstr().

name should be a constant under Etc which begins with CS_.

The return value is a string or nil. nil means no configuration-defined value. (confstr() returns 0 but errno is not set.)

Etc.confstr(Etc::CS_PATH) #=> "/bin:/usr/bin"

# GNU/Linux
Etc.confstr(Etc::CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION) #=> "glibc 2.18"
Etc.confstr(Etc::CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION) #=> "NPTL 2.18"



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# File 'etc.c', line 904

static VALUE
etc_confstr(VALUE obj, VALUE arg)
{
    int name;
    char localbuf[128], *buf = localbuf;
    size_t bufsize = sizeof(localbuf), ret;
    VALUE tmp;

    name = NUM2INT(arg);

    errno = 0;
    ret = confstr(name, buf, bufsize);
    if (bufsize < ret) {
        bufsize = ret;
        buf = ALLOCV_N(char, tmp, bufsize);
        errno = 0;
        ret = confstr(name, buf, bufsize);
    }
    if (bufsize < ret)
        rb_bug("required buffer size for confstr() changed dynamically.");
    if (ret == 0) {
        if (errno == 0) /* no configuration-defined value */
            return Qnil;
        rb_sys_fail("confstr");
    }
    return rb_str_new_cstr(buf);
}

.endgrent ⇒ Object

Ends the process of scanning through the /etc/group file begun by ::getgrent, and closes the file.



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# File 'etc.c', line 635

static VALUE
etc_endgrent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    endgrent();
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.endpwent ⇒ Object

Ends the process of scanning through the /etc/passwd file begun with ::getpwent, and closes the file.



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# File 'etc.c', line 395

static VALUE
etc_endpwent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
    endpwent();
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.getgrent ⇒ Object

Returns an entry from the /etc/group file.

The first time it is called it opens the file and returns the first entry; each successive call returns the next entry, or nil if the end of the file has been reached.

To close the file when processing is complete, call ::endgrent.

Each entry is returned as a Group struct



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# File 'etc.c', line 654

static VALUE
etc_getgrent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    struct group *gr;

    if ((gr = getgrent()) != 0) {
	return setup_group(gr);
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.getgrgid(*args) ⇒ Object

getgrgid(group_id) -> Group

Returns information about the group with specified integer group_id, as found in /etc/group.

The information is returned as a Group struct.

See the unix manpage for getgrgid(3) for more detail.

Example:

Etc.getgrgid(100) #=> #<struct Etc::Group name=“users”, passwd=“x”, gid=100, mem=[“meta”, “root”]>



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# File 'etc.c', line 467

static VALUE
etc_getgrgid(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    VALUE id;
    gid_t gid;
    struct group *grp;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &id) == 1) {
	gid = NUM2GIDT(id);
    }
    else {
	gid = getgid();
    }
    grp = getgrgid(gid);
    if (grp == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't find group for %d", (int)gid);
    return setup_group(grp);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

.getgrnam(nam) ⇒ Object

getgrnam(name) -> Group

Returns information about the group with specified name, as found in /etc/group.

The information is returned as a Group struct.

See the unix manpage for getgrnam(3) for more detail.

Example:

Etc.getgrnam(‘users’) #=> #<struct Etc::Group name=“users”, passwd=“x”, gid=100, mem=[“meta”, “root”]>



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# File 'etc.c', line 505

static VALUE
etc_getgrnam(VALUE obj, VALUE nam)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    struct group *grp;
    const char *p = StringValueCStr(nam);

    grp = getgrnam(p);
    if (grp == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't find group for %"PRIsVALUE, nam);
    return setup_group(grp);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

.getlogin ⇒ Object

getlogin -> String

Returns the short user name of the currently logged in user. Unfortunately, it is often rather easy to fool ::getlogin.

Avoid ::getlogin for security-related purposes.

If ::getlogin fails, try ::getpwuid.

See the unix manpage for getpwuid(3) for more detail.

e.g.

Etc.getlogin -> 'guest'



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# File 'etc.c', line 112

static VALUE
etc_getlogin(VALUE obj)
{
    char *login;

#ifdef HAVE_GETLOGIN
    login = getlogin();
    if (!login) login = getenv("USER");
#else
    login = getenv("USER");
#endif

    if (login) {
#ifdef _WIN32
	rb_encoding *extenc = rb_utf8_encoding();
#else
	rb_encoding *extenc = rb_locale_encoding();
#endif
	return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(login, strlen(login), extenc);
    }

    return Qnil;
}

.getpwent ⇒ Object

Returns an entry from the /etc/passwd file.

The first time it is called it opens the file and returns the first entry; each successive call returns the next entry, or nil if the end of the file has been reached.

To close the file when processing is complete, call ::endpwent.

Each entry is returned as a Passwd struct.



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# File 'etc.c', line 415

static VALUE
etc_getpwent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
    struct passwd *pw;

    if ((pw = getpwent()) != 0) {
	return setup_passwd(pw);
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.getpwnam(nam) ⇒ Object

getpwnam(name) -> Passwd

Returns the /etc/passwd information for the user with specified login name.

The information is returned as a Passwd struct.

See the unix manpage for getpwnam(3) for more detail.

Example:

Etc.getpwnam(‘root’) #=> #<struct Etc::Passwd name=“root”, passwd=“x”, uid=0, gid=0, gecos=“root”,dir=“/root”, shell=“/bin/bash”>



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# File 'etc.c', line 260

static VALUE
etc_getpwnam(VALUE obj, VALUE nam)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
    struct passwd *pwd;
    const char *p = StringValueCStr(nam);

    pwd = getpwnam(p);
    if (pwd == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't find user for %"PRIsVALUE, nam);
    return setup_passwd(pwd);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

.getpwuid(*args) ⇒ Object

getpwuid(uid) -> Passwd

Returns the /etc/passwd information for the user with the given integer uid.

The information is returned as a Passwd struct.

If uid is omitted, the value from Passwd[:uid] is returned instead.

See the unix manpage for getpwuid(3) for more detail.

Example:

Etc.getpwuid(0) #=> #<struct Etc::Passwd name=“root”, passwd=“x”, uid=0, gid=0, gecos=“root”,dir=“/root”, shell=“/bin/bash”>



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# File 'etc.c', line 223

static VALUE
etc_getpwuid(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
#if defined(HAVE_GETPWENT)
    VALUE id;
    rb_uid_t uid;
    struct passwd *pwd;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &id) == 1) {
	uid = NUM2UIDT(id);
    }
    else {
	uid = getuid();
    }
    pwd = getpwuid(uid);
    if (pwd == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't find user for %d", (int)uid);
    return setup_passwd(pwd);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

.group ⇒ Object

Provides a convenient Ruby iterator which executes a block for each entry in the /etc/group file.

The code block is passed an Group struct.

See ::getgrent above for details.

Example:

require 'etc'

Etc.group {|g|
  puts g.name + ": " + g.mem.join(', ')
}



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# File 'etc.c', line 571

static VALUE
etc_group(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    struct group *grp;

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
	each_group();
    }
    else if ((grp = getgrent()) != 0) {
	return setup_group(grp);
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.nprocessors ⇒ Object

Returns the number of online processors.

The result is intended as the number of processes to use all available processors.

This method is implemented using:

  • sched_getaffinity(): Linux

  • sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN): GNU/Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD, OpenIndiana, Mac OS X, AIX

Example:

require 'etc'
p Etc.nprocessors #=> 4

The result might be smaller number than physical cpus especially when ruby process is bound to specific cpus. This is intended for getting better parallel processing.

Example: (Linux)

linux$ taskset 0x3 ./ruby -retc -e "p Etc.nprocessors"  #=> 2



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# File 'etc.c', line 1052

static VALUE
etc_nprocessors(VALUE obj)
{
    long ret;

#if !defined(_WIN32)

#if defined(HAVE_SCHED_GETAFFINITY) && defined(CPU_ALLOC)
    int ncpus;

    ncpus = etc_nprocessors_affin();
    if (ncpus != -1) {
	return INT2NUM(ncpus);
    }
    /* fallback to _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN */
#endif

    errno = 0;
    ret = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
    if (ret == -1) {
        rb_sys_fail("sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)");
    }
#else
    SYSTEM_INFO si;
    GetSystemInfo(&si);
    ret = (long)si.dwNumberOfProcessors;
#endif
    return LONG2NUM(ret);
}

.passwd ⇒ Object

Etc.passwd { |struct| block } -> Passwd Etc.passwd -> Passwd

Provides a convenient Ruby iterator which executes a block for each entry in the /etc/passwd file.

The code block is passed an Passwd struct.

See ::getpwent above for details.

Example:

require 'etc'

Etc.passwd {|u|
  puts u.name + " = " + u.gecos
}



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# File 'etc.c', line 329

static VALUE
etc_passwd(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
    struct passwd *pw;

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
	each_passwd();
    }
    else if ((pw = getpwent()) != 0) {
	return setup_passwd(pw);
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.setgrent ⇒ Object

Resets the process of reading the /etc/group file, so that the next call to ::getgrent will return the first entry again.



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# File 'etc.c', line 623

static VALUE
etc_setgrent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
    setgrent();
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.setpwent ⇒ Object

Resets the process of reading the /etc/passwd file, so that the next call to ::getpwent will return the first entry again.



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# File 'etc.c', line 383

static VALUE
etc_setpwent(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
    setpwent();
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.sysconf(arg) ⇒ Object

Returns system configuration variable using sysconf().

name should be a constant under Etc which begins with SC_.

The return value is an integer or nil. nil means indefinite limit. (sysconf() returns -1 but errno is not set.)

Etc.sysconf(Etc::SC_ARG_MAX) #=> 2097152
Etc.sysconf(Etc::SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX) #=> 256



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# File 'etc.c', line 867

static VALUE
etc_sysconf(VALUE obj, VALUE arg)
{
    int name;
    long ret;

    name = NUM2INT(arg);

    errno = 0;
    ret = sysconf(name);
    if (ret == -1) {
        if (errno == 0) /* no limit */
            return Qnil;
        rb_sys_fail("sysconf");
    }
    return LONG2NUM(ret);
}

.sysconfdir ⇒ Object

Returns system configuration directory.

This is typically "/etc", but is modified by the prefix used when Ruby was compiled. For example, if Ruby is built and installed in /usr/local, returns "/usr/local/etc" on other platforms than Windows.

On Windows, this always returns the directory provided by the system.



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# File 'etc.c', line 685

static VALUE
etc_sysconfdir(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return rb_w32_special_folder(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA);
#else
    return rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(SYSCONFDIR);
#endif
}

.systmpdir ⇒ Object

Returns system temporary directory; typically “/tmp”.



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# File 'etc.c', line 698

static VALUE
etc_systmpdir(VALUE _)
{
    VALUE tmpdir;
#ifdef _WIN32
    WCHAR path[_MAX_PATH];
    UINT len = rb_w32_system_tmpdir(path, numberof(path));
    if (!len) return Qnil;
    tmpdir = rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(path, rb_filesystem_encoding());
#else
    const char default_tmp[] = "/tmp";
    const char *tmpstr = default_tmp;
    size_t tmplen = strlen(default_tmp);
# if defined _CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR
    #ifndef MAXPATHLEN
    #define MAXPATHLEN 1024
    #endif
    char path[MAXPATHLEN];
    size_t len;
    len = confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, path, sizeof(path));
    if (len > 0) {
	tmpstr = path;
	tmplen = len - 1;
	if (len > sizeof(path)) tmpstr = 0;
    }
# endif
    tmpdir = rb_filesystem_str_new(tmpstr, tmplen);
# if defined _CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR
    if (!tmpstr) {
	confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, RSTRING_PTR(tmpdir), len);
    }
# endif
#endif
#ifndef RB_PASS_KEYWORDS
    /* untaint on Ruby < 2.7 */
    FL_UNSET(tmpdir, FL_TAINT);
#endif
    return tmpdir;
}

.uname ⇒ Object

Returns the system information obtained by uname system call.

The return value is a hash which has 5 keys at least:

:sysname, :nodename, :release, :version, :machine

Example:

require 'etc'
require 'pp'

pp Etc.uname
#=> {:sysname=>"Linux",
#    :nodename=>"boron",
#    :release=>"2.6.18-6-xen-686",
#    :version=>"#1 SMP Thu Nov 5 19:54:42 UTC 2009",
#    :machine=>"i686"}



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# File 'etc.c', line 758

static VALUE
etc_uname(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    OSVERSIONINFOW v;
    SYSTEM_INFO s;
    const char *sysname, *mach;
    VALUE result, release, version;
    VALUE vbuf, nodename = Qnil;
    DWORD len = 0;
    WCHAR *buf;

    v.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(v);
    if (!GetVersionExW(&v))
        rb_sys_fail("GetVersionEx");

    result = rb_hash_new();
    switch (v.dwPlatformId) {
      case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32s:
	sysname = "Win32s";
	break;
      case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT:
	sysname = "Windows_NT";
	break;
      case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS:
      default:
	sysname = "Windows";
	break;
    }
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("sysname")), rb_str_new_cstr(sysname));
    release = rb_sprintf("%lu.%lu.%lu", v.dwMajorVersion, v.dwMinorVersion, v.dwBuildNumber);
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("release")), release);
    version = rb_sprintf("%s Version %"PRIsVALUE": %"PRIsVALUE, sysname, release,
			 rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(v.szCSDVersion, rb_utf8_encoding()));
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("version")), version);

# if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER < 1300
#   define GET_COMPUTER_NAME(ptr, plen) GetComputerNameW(ptr, plen)
# else
#   define GET_COMPUTER_NAME(ptr, plen) GetComputerNameExW(ComputerNameDnsFullyQualified, ptr, plen)
# endif
    GET_COMPUTER_NAME(NULL, &len);
    buf = ALLOCV_N(WCHAR, vbuf, len);
    if (GET_COMPUTER_NAME(buf, &len)) {
	nodename = rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(buf, rb_utf8_encoding());
    }
    ALLOCV_END(vbuf);
    if (NIL_P(nodename)) nodename = rb_str_new(0, 0);
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("nodename")), nodename);

# ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64
#   define PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 9
# endif
# ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
#   define PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL 0
# endif
    GetSystemInfo(&s);
    switch (s.wProcessorArchitecture) {
      case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64:
	mach = "x64";
	break;
      case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM:
	mach = "ARM";
	break;
      case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL:
	mach = "x86";
	break;
      default:
	mach = "unknown";
	break;
    }

    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("machine")), rb_str_new_cstr(mach));
#else
    struct utsname u;
    int ret;
    VALUE result;

    ret = uname(&u);
    if (ret == -1)
        rb_sys_fail("uname");

    result = rb_hash_new();
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("sysname")), rb_str_new_cstr(u.sysname));
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("nodename")), rb_str_new_cstr(u.nodename));
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("release")), rb_str_new_cstr(u.release));
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("version")), rb_str_new_cstr(u.version));
    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(rb_intern("machine")), rb_str_new_cstr(u.machine));
#endif

    return result;
}