Class: Float

Inherits:
Numeric show all
Defined in:
numeric.c,
numeric.c

Overview

******************************************************************

Float objects represent inexact real numbers using the native
architecture's double-precision floating point representation.

Floating point has a different arithmetic and is an inexact number.
So you should know its esoteric system. See following:

- http://docs.sun.com/source/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
- https://github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/wiki/Ruby-Talk-FAQ#floats_imprecise
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems

Constant Summary collapse

ROUNDS =

-1:: Indeterminable 0:: Rounding towards zero 1:: Rounding to the nearest number 2:: Rounding towards positive infinity 3:: Rounding towards negative infinity

Deprecated, do not use.

Represents the rounding mode for floating point addition at the start time.

Usually defaults to 1, rounding to the nearest number.

Other modes include
RADIX =

The base of the floating point, or number of unique digits used to represent the number.

Usually defaults to 2 on most systems, which would represent a base-10 decimal.

INT2FIX(FLT_RADIX)
MANT_DIG =

The number of base digits for the double data type.

Usually defaults to 53.

INT2FIX(DBL_MANT_DIG)
DIG =

The minimum number of significant decimal digits in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 15.

INT2FIX(DBL_DIG)
MIN_EXP =

The smallest possible exponent value in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to -1021.

INT2FIX(DBL_MIN_EXP)
MAX_EXP =

The largest possible exponent value in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 1024.

INT2FIX(DBL_MAX_EXP)
MIN_10_EXP =

The smallest negative exponent in a double-precision floating point where 10 raised to this power minus 1.

Usually defaults to -307.

INT2FIX(DBL_MIN_10_EXP)
MAX_10_EXP =

The largest positive exponent in a double-precision floating point where 10 raised to this power minus 1.

Usually defaults to 308.

INT2FIX(DBL_MAX_10_EXP)
MIN =

:MIN. 0.0.next_float returns the smallest positive floating point number including denormalized numbers.

The smallest positive normalized number in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 2.2250738585072014e-308.

If the platform supports denormalized numbers,
there are numbers between zero and Float
MAX =

The largest possible integer in a double-precision floating point number.

Usually defaults to 1.7976931348623157e+308.

DBL2NUM(DBL_MAX)
EPSILON =

The difference between 1 and the smallest double-precision floating point number greater than 1.

Usually defaults to 2.2204460492503131e-16.

DBL2NUM(DBL_EPSILON)
INFINITY =

An expression representing positive infinity.

DBL2NUM(HUGE_VAL)
NAN =

An expression representing a value which is “not a number”.

DBL2NUM(nan(""))

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from Numeric

#+@, #abs2, #clone, #conj, #conjugate, #div, #dup, #i, #imag, #imaginary, #integer?, #nonzero?, #polar, #real, #real?, #rect, #rectangular, #remainder, #singleton_method_added, #step, #to_c

Methods included from Comparable

#between?, #clamp

Instance Method Details

#%(other) ⇒ Float #modulo(other) ⇒ Float

Returns the modulo after division of float by other.

6543.21.modulo(137)      #=> 104.21000000000004
6543.21.modulo(137.24)   #=> 92.92999999999961

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1239

static VALUE
flo_mod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '%');
    }
    return DBL2NUM(ruby_float_mod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy));
}

#*(other) ⇒ Float

Returns a new Float which is the product of float and other.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1085

VALUE
rb_float_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '*');
    }
}

#**(other) ⇒ Float

Raises float to the power of other.

2.0**3   #=> 8.0

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1311

VALUE
rb_float_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double dx, dy;
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
	dy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
	dy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
	dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
	if (dx < 0 && dy != round(dy))
            return rb_dbl_complex_new_polar_pi(pow(-dx, dy), dy);
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idPow);
    }
    return DBL2NUM(pow(dx, dy));
}

#+(other) ⇒ Float

Returns a new Float which is the sum of float and other.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1037

VALUE
rb_float_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '+');
    }
}

#-(other) ⇒ Float

Returns a new Float which is the difference of float and other.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1061

static VALUE
flo_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '-');
    }
}

#- ⇒ Float

Returns float, negated.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1024

VALUE
rb_float_uminus(VALUE flt)
{
    return DBL2NUM(-RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
}

#/(other) ⇒ Float

Returns a new Float which is the result of dividing float by other.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1139

VALUE
rb_float_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double num = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    double den;
    double ret;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        den = FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        den = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        den = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '/');
    }

    ret = double_div_double(num, den);
    return DBL2NUM(ret);
}

#<(real) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is less than real.

The result of NaN < NaN is undefined, so an implementation-dependent value is returned.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1590

static VALUE
flo_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2LONG(rel) < 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
	if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '<');
    }
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a < b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}

#<=(real) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is less than or equal to real.

The result of NaN <= NaN is undefined, so an implementation-dependent value is returned.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1627

static VALUE
flo_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2LONG(rel) <= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
	if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idLE);
    }
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a <= b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}

#<=>(real) ⇒ -1, ...

Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether float is less than, equal to, or greater than real. This is the basis for the tests in the Comparable module.

The result of NaN <=> NaN is undefined, so an implementation-dependent value is returned.

nil is returned if the two values are incomparable.

Returns:

  • (-1, 0, +1, nil) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1468

static VALUE
flo_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;
    VALUE i;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (isnan(a)) return Qnil;
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return LONG2FIX(-FIX2LONG(rel));
        return rel;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
	if (isinf(a) && (i = rb_check_funcall(y, rb_intern("infinite?"), 0, 0)) != Qundef) {
	    if (RTEST(i)) {
		int j = rb_cmpint(i, x, y);
		j = (a > 0.0) ? (j > 0 ? 0 : +1) : (j < 0 ? 0 : -1);
		return INT2FIX(j);
	    }
	    if (a > 0.0) return INT2FIX(1);
	    return INT2FIX(-1);
	}
	return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, id_cmp);
    }
    return rb_dbl_cmp(a, b);
}

#== ⇒ Object

#=== ⇒ Object

#>(real) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is greater than real.

The result of NaN > NaN is undefined, so an implementation-dependent value is returned.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1516

VALUE
rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2LONG(rel) > 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
	if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '>');
    }
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a > b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}

#>=(real) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is greater than or equal to real.

The result of NaN >= NaN is undefined, so an implementation-dependent value is returned.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1553

static VALUE
flo_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2LONG(rel) >= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
	if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idGE);
    }
#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a >= b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}

#abs ⇒ Float #magnitude ⇒ Float

Returns the absolute value of float.

(-34.56).abs   #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs     #=> 34.56
34.56.abs      #=> 34.56

Float#magnitude is an alias for Float#abs.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1711

VALUE
rb_float_abs(VALUE flt)
{
    double val = fabs(RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
    return DBL2NUM(val);
}

#arg ⇒ 0, Float #angle ⇒ 0, Float #phase ⇒ 0, Float

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

Overloads:



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# File 'complex.c', line 2273

static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
	return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
	return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}

#arg ⇒ 0, Float #angle ⇒ 0, Float #phase ⇒ 0, Float

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

Overloads:



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# File 'complex.c', line 2273

static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
	return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
	return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}

#ceil([ndigits]) ⇒ Integer, Float

Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to float with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).

When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.

Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.

1.2.ceil      #=> 2
2.0.ceil      #=> 2
(-1.2).ceil   #=> -1
(-2.0).ceil   #=> -2

1.234567.ceil(2)   #=> 1.24
1.234567.ceil(3)   #=> 1.235
1.234567.ceil(4)   #=> 1.2346
1.234567.ceil(5)   #=> 1.23457

34567.89.ceil(-5)  #=> 100000
34567.89.ceil(-4)  #=> 40000
34567.89.ceil(-3)  #=> 35000
34567.89.ceil(-2)  #=> 34600
34567.89.ceil(-1)  #=> 34570
34567.89.ceil(0)   #=> 34568
34567.89.ceil(1)   #=> 34567.9
34567.89.ceil(2)   #=> 34567.89
34567.89.ceil(3)   #=> 34567.89

Note that the limited precision of floating point arithmetic might lead to surprising results:

(2.1 / 0.7).ceil  #=> 4 (!)

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 2019

static VALUE
flo_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    int ndigits = 0;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) {
	ndigits = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
    }
    return rb_float_ceil(num, ndigits);
}

#coerce(numeric) ⇒ Array

Returns an array with both numeric and float represented as Float objects.

This is achieved by converting numeric to a Float.

1.2.coerce(3)       #=> [3.0, 1.2]
2.5.coerce(1.1)     #=> [1.1, 2.5]

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1011

static VALUE
flo_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(rb_Float(y), x);
}

#denominator ⇒ Integer

Returns the denominator (always positive). The result is machine dependent.

See also Float#numerator.

Returns:



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# File 'rational.c', line 2112

VALUE
rb_float_denominator(VALUE self)
{
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);
    VALUE r;
    if (isinf(d) || isnan(d))
	return INT2FIX(1);
    r = float_to_r(self);
    if (canonicalization && k_integer_p(r)) {
	return ONE;
    }
    return nurat_denominator(r);
}

#divmod(numeric) ⇒ Array

See Numeric#divmod.

42.0.divmod(6)   #=> [7, 0.0]
42.0.divmod(5)   #=> [8, 2.0]

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1278

static VALUE
flo_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy, div, mod;
    volatile VALUE a, b;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, id_divmod);
    }
    flodivmod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy, &div, &mod);
    a = dbl2ival(div);
    b = DBL2NUM(mod);
    return rb_assoc_new(a, b);
}

#eql? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean)

#fdiv(numeric) ⇒ Float #quo(numeric) ⇒ Float

Returns float / numeric, same as Float#/.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1171

static VALUE
flo_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return num_funcall1(x, '/', y);
}

#finite? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is a valid IEEE floating point number, i.e. it is not infinite and Float#nan? is false.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1783

VALUE
rb_flo_is_finite_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

#ifdef HAVE_ISFINITE
    if (!isfinite(value))
	return Qfalse;
#else
    if (isinf(value) || isnan(value))
	return Qfalse;
#endif

    return Qtrue;
}

#floor([ndigits]) ⇒ Integer, Float

Returns the largest number less than or equal to float with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).

When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.

Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.

1.2.floor      #=> 1
2.0.floor      #=> 2
(-1.2).floor   #=> -2
(-2.0).floor   #=> -2

1.234567.floor(2)   #=> 1.23
1.234567.floor(3)   #=> 1.234
1.234567.floor(4)   #=> 1.2345
1.234567.floor(5)   #=> 1.23456

34567.89.floor(-5)  #=> 0
34567.89.floor(-4)  #=> 30000
34567.89.floor(-3)  #=> 34000
34567.89.floor(-2)  #=> 34500
34567.89.floor(-1)  #=> 34560
34567.89.floor(0)   #=> 34567
34567.89.floor(1)   #=> 34567.8
34567.89.floor(2)   #=> 34567.89
34567.89.floor(3)   #=> 34567.89

Note that the limited precision of floating point arithmetic might lead to surprising results:

(0.3 / 0.1).floor  #=> 2 (!)

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1950

static VALUE
flo_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    double number, f;
    int ndigits = 0;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) {
	ndigits = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
    }
    number = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    if (number == 0.0) {
	return ndigits > 0 ? DBL2NUM(number) : INT2FIX(0);
    }
    if (ndigits > 0) {
	int binexp;
	frexp(number, &binexp);
	if (float_round_overflow(ndigits, binexp)) return num;
	if (number > 0.0 && float_round_underflow(ndigits, binexp))
	    return DBL2NUM(0.0);
	f = pow(10, ndigits);
	f = floor(number * f) / f;
	return DBL2NUM(f);
    }
    else {
	num = dbl2ival(floor(number));
	if (ndigits < 0) num = rb_int_floor(num, ndigits);
	return num;
    }
}

#hash ⇒ Integer

Returns a hash code for this float.

See also Object#hash.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1432

static VALUE
flo_hash(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_dbl_hash(RFLOAT_VALUE(num));
}

#infinite? ⇒ -1, ...

Returns nil, -1, or 1 depending on whether the value is finite, -Infinity, or +Infinity.

(0.0).infinite?        #=> nil
(-1.0/0.0).infinite?   #=> -1
(+1.0/0.0).infinite?   #=> 1

Returns:

  • (-1, 1, nil) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1763

VALUE
rb_flo_is_infinite_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    if (isinf(value)) {
	return INT2FIX( value < 0 ? -1 : 1 );
    }

    return Qnil;
}

#abs ⇒ Float #magnitude ⇒ Float

Returns the absolute value of float.

(-34.56).abs   #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs     #=> 34.56
34.56.abs      #=> 34.56

Float#magnitude is an alias for Float#abs.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1711

VALUE
rb_float_abs(VALUE flt)
{
    double val = fabs(RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
    return DBL2NUM(val);
}

#%(other) ⇒ Float #modulo(other) ⇒ Float

Returns the modulo after division of float by other.

6543.21.modulo(137)      #=> 104.21000000000004
6543.21.modulo(137.24)   #=> 92.92999999999961

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1239

static VALUE
flo_mod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
	fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
	fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
	fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '%');
    }
    return DBL2NUM(ruby_float_mod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy));
}

#nan? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is an invalid IEEE floating point number.

a = -1.0      #=> -1.0
a.nan?        #=> false
a = 0.0/0.0   #=> NaN
a.nan?        #=> true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1743

static VALUE
flo_is_nan_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    return isnan(value) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#negative? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is less than 0.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 2433

static VALUE
flo_negative_p(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    return f < 0.0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#next_float ⇒ Float

Returns the next representable floating point number.

Float::MAX.next_float and Float::INFINITY.next_float is Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.next_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

0.01.next_float    #=> 0.010000000000000002
1.0.next_float     #=> 1.0000000000000002
100.0.next_float   #=> 100.00000000000001

0.01.next_float - 0.01     #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
1.0.next_float - 1.0       #=> 2.220446049250313e-16
100.0.next_float - 100.0   #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.next_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147cp-7 0.010000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae147dp-7 0.010000000000000004
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ep-7 0.010000000000000005
#   0x1.47ae147ae147fp-7 0.010000000000000007
#   0x1.47ae147ae148p-7  0.010000000000000009
#   0x1.47ae147ae1481p-7 0.01000000000000001
#   0x1.47ae147ae1482p-7 0.010000000000000012
#   0x1.47ae147ae1483p-7 0.010000000000000014
#   0x1.47ae147ae1484p-7 0.010000000000000016
#   0x1.47ae147ae1485p-7 0.010000000000000018
#   0x1.47ae147ae1486p-7 0.01000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae1487p-7 0.010000000000000021
#   0x1.47ae147ae1488p-7 0.010000000000000023
#   0x1.47ae147ae1489p-7 0.010000000000000024
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ap-7 0.010000000000000026
#   0x1.47ae147ae148bp-7 0.010000000000000028
#   0x1.47ae147ae148cp-7 0.01000000000000003
#   0x1.47ae147ae148dp-7 0.010000000000000031
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ep-7 0.010000000000000033

f = 0.0
100.times { f += 0.1 }
f                           #=> 9.99999999999998       # should be 10.0 in the ideal world.
10-f                        #=> 1.9539925233402755e-14 # the floating point error.
10.0.next_float-10          #=> 1.7763568394002505e-15 # 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
(10-f)/(10.0.next_float-10) #=> 11.0                   # the error is 11 ulp.
(10-f)/(10*Float::EPSILON)  #=> 8.8                    # approximation of the above.
"%a" % 10                   #=> "0x1.4p+3"
"%a" % f                    #=> "0x1.3fffffffffff5p+3" # the last hex digit is 5.  16 - 5 = 11 ulp.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1851

static VALUE
flo_next_float(VALUE vx)
{
    double x, y;
    x = NUM2DBL(vx);
    y = nextafter(x, HUGE_VAL);
    return DBL2NUM(y);
}

#numerator ⇒ Integer

Returns the numerator. The result is machine dependent.

n = 0.3.numerator    #=> 5404319552844595
d = 0.3.denominator  #=> 18014398509481984
n.fdiv(d)            #=> 0.3

See also Float#denominator.

Returns:



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# File 'rational.c', line 2089

VALUE
rb_float_numerator(VALUE self)
{
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);
    VALUE r;
    if (isinf(d) || isnan(d))
	return self;
    r = float_to_r(self);
    if (canonicalization && k_integer_p(r)) {
	return r;
    }
    return nurat_numerator(r);
}

#arg ⇒ 0, Float #angle ⇒ 0, Float #phase ⇒ 0, Float

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

Overloads:



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# File 'complex.c', line 2273

static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
	return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
	return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}

#positive? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is greater than 0.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 2419

static VALUE
flo_positive_p(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    return f > 0.0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#prev_float ⇒ Float

Returns the previous representable floating point number.

(-Float::MAX).prev_float and (-Float::INFINITY).prev_float is -Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.prev_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

0.01.prev_float    #=> 0.009999999999999998
1.0.prev_float     #=> 0.9999999999999999
100.0.prev_float   #=> 99.99999999999999

0.01 - 0.01.prev_float     #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
1.0 - 1.0.prev_float       #=> 1.1102230246251565e-16
100.0 - 100.0.prev_float   #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.prev_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ap-7 0.009999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae1479p-7 0.009999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1478p-7 0.009999999999999995
#   0x1.47ae147ae1477p-7 0.009999999999999993
#   0x1.47ae147ae1476p-7 0.009999999999999992
#   0x1.47ae147ae1475p-7 0.00999999999999999
#   0x1.47ae147ae1474p-7 0.009999999999999988
#   0x1.47ae147ae1473p-7 0.009999999999999986
#   0x1.47ae147ae1472p-7 0.009999999999999985
#   0x1.47ae147ae1471p-7 0.009999999999999983
#   0x1.47ae147ae147p-7  0.009999999999999981
#   0x1.47ae147ae146fp-7 0.00999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ep-7 0.009999999999999978
#   0x1.47ae147ae146dp-7 0.009999999999999976
#   0x1.47ae147ae146cp-7 0.009999999999999974
#   0x1.47ae147ae146bp-7 0.009999999999999972
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ap-7 0.00999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1469p-7 0.009999999999999969
#   0x1.47ae147ae1468p-7 0.009999999999999967

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1902

static VALUE
flo_prev_float(VALUE vx)
{
    double x, y;
    x = NUM2DBL(vx);
    y = nextafter(x, -HUGE_VAL);
    return DBL2NUM(y);
}

#fdiv(numeric) ⇒ Float #quo(numeric) ⇒ Float

Returns float / numeric, same as Float#/.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 1171

static VALUE
flo_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return num_funcall1(x, '/', y);
}

#rationalize([eps]) ⇒ Object

Returns a simpler approximation of the value (flt-|eps| <= result <= flt+|eps|). If the optional argument eps is not given, it will be chosen automatically.

0.3.rationalize          #=> (3/10)
1.333.rationalize        #=> (1333/1000)
1.333.rationalize(0.01)  #=> (4/3)

See also Float#to_r.



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# File 'rational.c', line 2295

static VALUE
float_rationalize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);

    if (d < 0.0)
        return rb_rational_uminus(float_rationalize(argc, argv, DBL2NUM(-d)));

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) {
        return rb_flt_rationalize_with_prec(self, argv[0]);
    }
    else {
        return rb_flt_rationalize(self);
    }
}

#round([ndigits][, half: mode]) ⇒ Integer, Float

Returns float rounded to the nearest value with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).

When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.

Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.

1.4.round      #=> 1
1.5.round      #=> 2
1.6.round      #=> 2
(-1.5).round   #=> -2

1.234567.round(2)   #=> 1.23
1.234567.round(3)   #=> 1.235
1.234567.round(4)   #=> 1.2346
1.234567.round(5)   #=> 1.23457

34567.89.round(-5)  #=> 0
34567.89.round(-4)  #=> 30000
34567.89.round(-3)  #=> 35000
34567.89.round(-2)  #=> 34600
34567.89.round(-1)  #=> 34570
34567.89.round(0)   #=> 34568
34567.89.round(1)   #=> 34567.9
34567.89.round(2)   #=> 34567.89
34567.89.round(3)   #=> 34567.89

If the optional half keyword argument is given, numbers that are half-way between two possible rounded values will be rounded according to the specified tie-breaking mode:

  • :up or nil: round half away from zero (default)

  • :down: round half toward zero

  • :even: round half toward the nearest even number

    2.5.round(half: :up)      #=> 3
2.5.round(half: :down)    #=> 2
2.5.round(half: :even)    #=> 2
3.5.round(half: :up)      #=> 4
3.5.round(half: :down)    #=> 3
3.5.round(half: :even)    #=> 4
(-2.5).round(half: :up)   #=> -3
(-2.5).round(half: :down) #=> -2
(-2.5).round(half: :even) #=> -2

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 2279

static VALUE
flo_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    double number, f, x;
    VALUE nd, opt;
    int ndigits = 0;
    enum ruby_num_rounding_mode mode;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01:", &nd, &opt)) {
	ndigits = NUM2INT(nd);
    }
    mode = rb_num_get_rounding_option(opt);
    number = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    if (number == 0.0) {
	return ndigits > 0 ? DBL2NUM(number) : INT2FIX(0);
    }
    if (ndigits < 0) {
	return rb_int_round(flo_to_i(num), ndigits, mode);
    }
    if (ndigits == 0) {
	x = ROUND_CALL(mode, round, (number, 1.0));
	return dbl2ival(x);
    }
    if (isfinite(number)) {
	int binexp;
	frexp(number, &binexp);
	if (float_round_overflow(ndigits, binexp)) return num;
	if (float_round_underflow(ndigits, binexp)) return DBL2NUM(0);
	f = pow(10, ndigits);
	x = ROUND_CALL(mode, round, (number, f));
	return DBL2NUM(x / f);
    }
    return num;
}

#to_f ⇒ self

Since float is already a Float, returns self.

Returns:

  • (self) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1691

static VALUE
flo_to_f(VALUE num)
{
    return num;
}

#to_i ⇒ Integer #to_int ⇒ Integer

Returns the float truncated to an Integer.

1.2.to_i      #=> 1
(-1.2).to_i   #=> -1

Note that the limited precision of floating point arithmetic might lead to surprising results:

(0.3 / 0.1).to_i  #=> 2 (!)

#to_int is an alias for #to_i.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 2369

static VALUE
flo_to_i(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    if (f > 0.0) f = floor(f);
    if (f < 0.0) f = ceil(f);

    return dbl2ival(f);
}

#to_i ⇒ Integer #to_int ⇒ Integer

Returns the float truncated to an Integer.

1.2.to_i      #=> 1
(-1.2).to_i   #=> -1

Note that the limited precision of floating point arithmetic might lead to surprising results:

(0.3 / 0.1).to_i  #=> 2 (!)

#to_int is an alias for #to_i.

Overloads:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 2369

static VALUE
flo_to_i(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    if (f > 0.0) f = floor(f);
    if (f < 0.0) f = ceil(f);

    return dbl2ival(f);
}

#to_r ⇒ Object

Returns the value as a rational.

2.0.to_r    #=> (2/1)
2.5.to_r    #=> (5/2)
-0.75.to_r  #=> (-3/4)
0.0.to_r    #=> (0/1)
0.3.to_r    #=> (5404319552844595/18014398509481984)

NOTE: 0.3.to_r isn’t the same as “0.3”.to_r. The latter is equivalent to “3/10”.to_r, but the former isn’t so.

0.3.to_r   == 3/10r  #=> false
"0.3".to_r == 3/10r  #=> true

See also Float#rationalize.



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# File 'rational.c', line 2212

static VALUE
float_to_r(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE f;
    int n;

    float_decode_internal(self, &f, &n);
#if FLT_RADIX == 2
    if (n == 0)
        return rb_rational_new1(f);
    if (n > 0)
        return rb_rational_new1(rb_int_lshift(f, INT2FIX(n)));
    n = -n;
    return rb_rational_new2(f, rb_int_lshift(ONE, INT2FIX(n)));
#else
    f = rb_int_mul(f, rb_int_pow(INT2FIX(FLT_RADIX), n));
    if (RB_TYPE_P(f, T_RATIONAL))
	return f;
    return rb_rational_new1(f);
#endif
}

#to_s ⇒ String Also known as: inspect

Returns a string containing a representation of self. As well as a fixed or exponential form of the float, the call may return NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity.

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 927

static VALUE
flo_to_s(VALUE flt)
{
    enum {decimal_mant = DBL_MANT_DIG-DBL_DIG};
    enum {float_dig = DBL_DIG+1};
    char buf[float_dig + (decimal_mant + CHAR_BIT - 1) / CHAR_BIT + 10];
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(flt);
    VALUE s;
    char *p, *e;
    int sign, decpt, digs;

    if (isinf(value)) {
	static const char minf[] = "-Infinity";
	const int pos = (value > 0); /* skip "-" */
	return rb_usascii_str_new(minf+pos, strlen(minf)-pos);
    }
    else if (isnan(value))
	return rb_usascii_str_new2("NaN");

    p = ruby_dtoa(value, 0, 0, &decpt, &sign, &e);
    s = sign ? rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("-") : rb_usascii_str_new(0, 0);
    if ((digs = (int)(e - p)) >= (int)sizeof(buf)) digs = (int)sizeof(buf) - 1;
    memcpy(buf, p, digs);
    xfree(p);
    if (decpt > 0) {
	if (decpt < digs) {
	    memmove(buf + decpt + 1, buf + decpt, digs - decpt);
	    buf[decpt] = '.';
	    rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs + 1);
	}
	else if (decpt <= DBL_DIG) {
	    long len;
	    char *ptr;
	    rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs);
	    rb_str_resize(s, (len = RSTRING_LEN(s)) + decpt - digs + 2);
	    ptr = RSTRING_PTR(s) + len;
	    if (decpt > digs) {
		memset(ptr, '0', decpt - digs);
		ptr += decpt - digs;
	    }
	    memcpy(ptr, ".0", 2);
	}
	else {
	    goto exp;
	}
    }
    else if (decpt > -4) {
	long len;
	char *ptr;
	rb_str_cat(s, "0.", 2);
	rb_str_resize(s, (len = RSTRING_LEN(s)) - decpt + digs);
	ptr = RSTRING_PTR(s);
	memset(ptr += len, '0', -decpt);
	memcpy(ptr -= decpt, buf, digs);
    }
    else {
      exp:
	if (digs > 1) {
	    memmove(buf + 2, buf + 1, digs - 1);
	}
	else {
	    buf[2] = '0';
	    digs++;
	}
	buf[1] = '.';
	rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs + 1);
	rb_str_catf(s, "e%+03d", decpt - 1);
    }
    return s;
}

#truncate([ndigits]) ⇒ Integer, Float

Returns float truncated (toward zero) to a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).

When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.

Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.

2.8.truncate           #=> 2
(-2.8).truncate        #=> -2
1.234567.truncate(2)   #=> 1.23
34567.89.truncate(-2)  #=> 34500

Note that the limited precision of floating point arithmetic might lead to surprising results:

(0.3 / 0.1).truncate  #=> 2 (!)

Returns:



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# File 'numeric.c', line 2403

static VALUE
flo_truncate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    if (signbit(RFLOAT_VALUE(num)))
	return flo_ceil(argc, argv, num);
    else
	return flo_floor(argc, argv, num);
}

#zero? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if float is 0.0.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'numeric.c', line 1725

static VALUE
flo_zero_p(VALUE num)
{
    return flo_iszero(num) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}