Module: Net::HTTPHeader

Included in:
HTTPGenericRequest, HTTPResponse
Defined in:
lib/net/http/header.rb

Overview

The HTTPHeader module defines methods for reading and writing HTTP headers.

It is used as a mixin by other classes, to provide hash-like access to HTTP header values. Unlike raw hash access, HTTPHeader provides access via case-insensitive keys. It also provides methods for accessing commonly-used HTTP header values in more convenient formats.

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#[](key) ⇒ Object

Returns the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key. For example, a key of “Content-Type” might return “text/html”



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 38

def [](key)
  a = @header[key.downcase.to_s] or return nil
  a.join(', ')
end

#[]=(key, val) ⇒ Object

Sets the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 44

def []=(key, val)
  unless val
    @header.delete key.downcase.to_s
    return val
  end
  set_field(key, val)
end

#add_field(key, val) ⇒ Object

Ruby 1.8.3

Adds a value to a named header field, instead of replacing its value. Second argument val must be a String. See also #[]=, #[] and #get_fields.

request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'a'
p request['X-My-Header']              #=> "a"
p request.get_fields('X-My-Header')   #=> ["a"]
request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'b'
p request['X-My-Header']              #=> "a, b"
p request.get_fields('X-My-Header')   #=> ["a", "b"]
request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'c'
p request['X-My-Header']              #=> "a, b, c"
p request.get_fields('X-My-Header')   #=> ["a", "b", "c"]



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 67

def add_field(key, val)
  stringified_downcased_key = key.downcase.to_s
  if @header.key?(stringified_downcased_key)
    append_field_value(@header[stringified_downcased_key], val)
  else
    set_field(key, val)
  end
end

#basic_auth(account, password) ⇒ Object

Set the Authorization: header for “Basic” authorization.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 488

def basic_auth(, password)
  @header['authorization'] = [basic_encode(, password)]
end

#chunked? ⇒ Boolean

Returns “true” if the “transfer-encoding” header is present and set to “chunked”. This is an HTTP/1.1 feature, allowing the content to be sent in “chunks” without at the outset stating the entire content length.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 329

def chunked?
  return false unless @header['transfer-encoding']
  field = self['Transfer-Encoding']
  (/(?:\A|[^\-\w])chunked(?![\-\w])/i =~ field) ? true : false
end

#connection_close? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 502

def connection_close?
  token = /(?:\A|,)\s*close\s*(?:\z|,)/i
  @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
  @header['proxy-connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
  false
end

#connection_keep_alive? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 509

def connection_keep_alive?
  token = /(?:\A|,)\s*keep-alive\s*(?:\z|,)/i
  @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
  @header['proxy-connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
  false
end

#content_length ⇒ Object

Returns an Integer object which represents the HTTP Content-Length: header field, or nil if that field was not provided.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 310

def content_length
  return nil unless key?('Content-Length')
  len = self['Content-Length'].slice(/\d+/) or
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Length format'
  len.to_i
end

#content_length=(len) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 317

def content_length=(len)
  unless len
    @header.delete 'content-length'
    return nil
  end
  @header['content-length'] = [len.to_i.to_s]
end

#content_range ⇒ Object

Returns a Range object which represents the value of the Content-Range: header field. For a partial entity body, this indicates where this fragment fits inside the full entity body, as range of byte offsets.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 339

def content_range
  return nil unless @header['content-range']
  m = %r<bytes\s+(\d+)-(\d+)/(\d+|\*)>i.match(self['Content-Range']) or
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Range format'
  m[1].to_i .. m[2].to_i
end

#content_type ⇒ Object

Returns a content type string such as “text/html”. This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 354

def content_type
  return nil unless main_type()
  if sub_type()
  then "#{main_type()}/#{sub_type()}"
  else main_type()
  end
end

#delete(key) ⇒ Object

Removes a header field, specified by case-insensitive key.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 186

def delete(key)
  @header.delete(key.downcase.to_s)
end

#each_capitalized ⇒ Object Also known as: canonical_each

As for #each_header, except the keys are provided in capitalized form.

Note that header names are capitalized systematically; capitalization may not match that used by the remote HTTP server in its response.

Returns an enumerator if no block is given.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 211

def each_capitalized
  block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
  @header.each do |k,v|
    yield capitalize(k), v.join(', ')
  end
end

#each_capitalized_name ⇒ Object

Iterates through the header names in the header, passing capitalized header names to the code block.

Note that header names are capitalized systematically; capitalization may not match that used by the remote HTTP server in its response.

Returns an enumerator if no block is given.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 167

def each_capitalized_name  #:yield: +key+
  block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
  @header.each_key do |k|
    yield capitalize(k)
  end
end

#each_header ⇒ Object Also known as: each

Iterates through the header names and values, passing in the name and value to the code block supplied.

Returns an enumerator if no block is given.

Example:

response.header.each_header {|key,value| puts "#{key} = #{value}" }



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 139

def each_header   #:yield: +key+, +value+
  block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
  @header.each do |k,va|
    yield k, va.join(', ')
  end
end

#each_name(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: each_key

Iterates through the header names in the header, passing each header name to the code block.

Returns an enumerator if no block is given.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 152

def each_name(&block)   #:yield: +key+
  block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
  @header.each_key(&block)
end

#each_value ⇒ Object

Iterates through header values, passing each value to the code block.

Returns an enumerator if no block is given.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 178

def each_value   #:yield: +value+
  block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
  @header.each_value do |va|
    yield va.join(', ')
  end
end

#fetch(key, *args, &block) ⇒ Object

Returns the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key. Returns the default value args, or the result of the block, or raises an IndexError if there’s no header field named key See Hash#fetch



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 125

def fetch(key, *args, &block)   #:yield: +key+
  a = @header.fetch(key.downcase.to_s, *args, &block)
  a.kind_of?(Array) ? a.join(', ') : a
end

#get_fields(key) ⇒ Object

Ruby 1.8.3

Returns an array of header field strings corresponding to the case-insensitive key. This method allows you to get duplicated header fields without any processing. See also #[].

p response.get_fields('Set-Cookie')
  #=> ["session=al98axx; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23",
       "query=rubyscript; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23"]
p response['Set-Cookie']
  #=> "session=al98axx; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23, query=rubyscript; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23"



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 115

def get_fields(key)
  stringified_downcased_key = key.downcase.to_s
  return nil unless @header[stringified_downcased_key]
  @header[stringified_downcased_key].dup
end

#initialize_http_header(initheader) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 13

def initialize_http_header(initheader)
  @header = {}
  return unless initheader
  initheader.each do |key, value|
    warn "net/http: duplicated HTTP header: #{key}", uplevel: 3 if key?(key) and $VERBOSE
    if value.nil?
      warn "net/http: nil HTTP header: #{key}", uplevel: 3 if $VERBOSE
    else
      value = value.strip # raise error for invalid byte sequences
      if value.count("\r\n") > 0
        raise ArgumentError, "header #{key} has field value #{value.inspect}, this cannot include CR/LF"
      end
      @header[key.downcase.to_s] = [value]
    end
  end
end

#key?(key) ⇒ Boolean

true if key header exists.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 191

def key?(key)
  @header.key?(key.downcase.to_s)
end

#main_type ⇒ Object

Returns a content type string such as “text”. This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 364

def main_type
  return nil unless @header['content-type']
  self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')[0].to_s.strip
end

#proxy_basic_auth(account, password) ⇒ Object

Set Proxy-Authorization: header for “Basic” authorization.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 493

def proxy_basic_auth(, password)
  @header['proxy-authorization'] = [basic_encode(, password)]
end

#range ⇒ Object

Returns an Array of Range objects which represent the Range: HTTP header field, or nil if there is no such header.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 227

def range
  return nil unless @header['range']

  value = self['Range']
  # byte-range-set = *( "," OWS ) ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec )
  #   *( OWS "," [ OWS ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec ) ] )
  # corrected collected ABNF
  # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#section-5.4.1
  # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#appendix-C
  # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-19#section-3.2.5
  unless /\Abytes=((?:,[ \t]*)*(?:\d+-\d*|-\d+)(?:[ \t]*,(?:[ \t]*\d+-\d*|-\d+)?)*)\z/ =~ value
    raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid syntax for byte-ranges-specifier: '#{value}'"
  end

  byte_range_set = $1
  result = byte_range_set.split(/,/).map {|spec|
    m = /(\d+)?\s*-\s*(\d+)?/i.match(spec) or
            raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid byte-range-spec: '#{spec}'"
    d1 = m[1].to_i
    d2 = m[2].to_i
    if m[1] and m[2]
      if d1 > d2
        raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "last-byte-pos MUST greater than or equal to first-byte-pos but '#{spec}'"
      end
      d1..d2
    elsif m[1]
      d1..-1
    elsif m[2]
      -d2..-1
    else
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range is not specified'
    end
  }
  # if result.empty?
  # byte-range-set must include at least one byte-range-spec or suffix-byte-range-spec
  # but above regexp already denies it.
  if result.size == 1 && result[0].begin == 0 && result[0].end == -1
    raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'only one suffix-byte-range-spec with zero suffix-length'
  end
  result
end

#range_length ⇒ Object

The length of the range represented in Content-Range: header.



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 347

def range_length
  r = content_range() or return nil
  r.end - r.begin + 1
end

#set_content_type(type, params = {}) ⇒ Object Also known as: content_type=

Sets the content type in an HTTP header. The type should be a full HTTP content type, e.g. “text/html”. The params are an optional Hash of parameters to add after the content type, e.g. => ‘iso-8859-1’



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 397

def set_content_type(type, params = {})
  @header['content-type'] = [type + params.map{|k,v|"; #{k}=#{v}"}.join('')]
end

#set_form(params, enctype = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', formopt = {}) ⇒ Object

Set an HTML form data set.

params

The form data to set, which should be an enumerable. See below for more details.

enctype

The content type to use to encode the form submission, which should be application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data.

formopt

An options hash, supporting the following options:

:boundary

The boundary of the multipart message. If not given, a random boundary will be used.

:charset

The charset of the form submission. All field names and values of non-file fields should be encoded with this charset.

Each item of params should respond to each and yield 2-3 arguments, or an array of 2-3 elements. The arguments yielded should be:

* The name of the field.
* The value of the field, it should be a String or a File or IO-like.
* An options hash, supporting the following options, only
  used for file uploads:
  :filename :: The name of the file to use.
  :content_type :: The content type of the uploaded file.

Each item is a file field or a normal field. If value is a File object or the opt hash has a :filename key, the item is treated as a file field.

If Transfer-Encoding is set as chunked, this sends the request using chunked encoding. Because chunked encoding is HTTP/1.1 feature, you should confirm that the server supports HTTP/1.1 before using chunked encoding.

Example:

req.set_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])

req.set_form({"f"=>File.open('/path/to/filename')},
             "multipart/form-data",
             charset: "UTF-8",
)

req.set_form([["f",
               File.open('/path/to/filename.bar'),
               {filename: "other-filename.foo"}
             ]],
             "multipart/form-data",
)

See also RFC 2388, RFC 2616, HTML 4.01, and HTML5



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 473

def set_form(params, enctype='application/x-www-form-urlencoded', formopt={})
  @body_data = params
  @body = nil
  @body_stream = nil
  @form_option = formopt
  case enctype
  when /\Aapplication\/x-www-form-urlencoded\z/i,
    /\Amultipart\/form-data\z/i
    self.content_type = enctype
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "invalid enctype: #{enctype}"
  end
end

#set_form_data(params, sep = '&') ⇒ Object Also known as: form_data=

Set header fields and a body from HTML form data. params should be an Array of Arrays or a Hash containing HTML form data. Optional argument sep means data record separator.

Values are URL encoded as necessary and the content-type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Example:

http.form_data = {"q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en"}
http.form_data = {"q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en"}
http.set_form_data({"q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en"}, ';')



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 416

def set_form_data(params, sep = '&')
  query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
  query.gsub!(/&/, sep) if sep != '&'
  self.body = query
  self.content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
end

#set_range(r, e = nil) ⇒ Object Also known as: range=

Sets the HTTP Range: header. Accepts either a Range object as a single argument, or a beginning index and a length from that index. Example:

req.range = (0..1023)
req.set_range 0, 1023



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 277

def set_range(r, e = nil)
  unless r
    @header.delete 'range'
    return r
  end
  r = (r...r+e) if e
  case r
  when Numeric
    n = r.to_i
    rangestr = (n > 0 ? "0-#{n-1}" : "-#{-n}")
  when Range
    first = r.first
    last = r.end
    last -= 1 if r.exclude_end?
    if last == -1
      rangestr = (first > 0 ? "#{first}-" : "-#{-first}")
    else
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.first is negative' if first < 0
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.last is negative' if last < 0
      raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'must be .first < .last' if first > last
      rangestr = "#{first}-#{last}"
    end
  else
    raise TypeError, 'Range/Integer is required'
  end
  @header['range'] = ["bytes=#{rangestr}"]
  r
end

#size ⇒ Object Also known as: length

:nodoc: obsolete



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 30

def size   #:nodoc: obsolete
  @header.size
end

#sub_type ⇒ Object

Returns a content type string such as “html”. This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist or sub-type is not given (e.g. “Content-Type: text”).



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 372

def sub_type
  return nil unless @header['content-type']
  _, sub = *self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')
  return nil unless sub
  sub.strip
end

#to_hash ⇒ Object

Returns a Hash consisting of header names and array of values. e.g. => [“private”],

"content-type" => ["text/html"],
"date" => ["Wed, 22 Jun 2005 22:11:50 GMT"]



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 200

def to_hash
  @header.dup
end

#type_params ⇒ Object

Any parameters specified for the content type, returned as a Hash. For example, a header of Content-Type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP would result in type_params returning => ‘EUC-JP’



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# File 'lib/net/http/header.rb', line 382

def type_params
  result = {}
  list = self['Content-Type'].to_s.split(';')
  list.shift
  list.each do |param|
    k, v = *param.split('=', 2)
    result[k.strip] = v.strip
  end
  result
end