Class: Dir
Overview
Objects of class Dir
are directory streams representing directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety of ways to list directories and their contents. See also File
.
The directory used in these examples contains the two regular files (config.h
and main.rb
), the parent directory (..
), and the directory itself (.
).
Class Method Summary collapse
-
.[](string[, string ...)) ⇒ Array
Equivalent to calling
Dir.glob([
string,…],0)
. -
.chdir(*args) ⇒ Object
Changes the current working directory of the process to the given string.
-
.chroot(string) ⇒ 0
Changes this process’s idea of the file system root.
-
.delete(dir) ⇒ Object
Deletes the named directory.
-
.entries(*args) ⇒ Object
Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given directory.
-
.exist?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the named file is a directory,false
otherwise. -
.exists?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean
Deprecated method.
-
.foreach(*args) ⇒ Object
Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
-
.getwd ⇒ Object
Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as a string.
-
.glob(*args) ⇒ Object
Expands
pattern
, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and returns the results asmatches
or as arguments given to the block. -
.home(*args) ⇒ Object
Returns the home directory of the current user or the named user if given.
-
.mkdir(string[, integer]) ⇒ 0
Makes a new directory named by string, with permissions specified by the optional parameter anInteger.
-
.open(*args) ⇒ Object
The optional enc argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
-
.pwd ⇒ Object
Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as a string.
-
.rmdir(dir) ⇒ Object
Deletes the named directory.
-
.unlink(dir) ⇒ Object
Deletes the named directory.
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#close ⇒ nil
Closes the directory stream.
-
#each ⇒ Object
Calls the block once for each entry in this directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
-
#fileno ⇒ Integer
Returns the file descriptor used in dir.
-
#initialize(*args) ⇒ Object
constructor
Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
-
#inspect ⇒ String
Return a string describing this Dir object.
-
#path ⇒ Object
Returns the path parameter passed to dir’s constructor.
-
#pos ⇒ Object
Returns the current position in dir.
-
#pos=(integer) ⇒ Integer
Synonym for
Dir#seek
, but returns the position parameter. -
#read ⇒ String?
Reads the next entry from dir and returns it as a string.
-
#rewind ⇒ Dir
Repositions dir to the first entry.
-
#seek(integer) ⇒ Dir
Seeks to a particular location in dir.
-
#tell ⇒ Object
Returns the current position in dir.
-
#to_path ⇒ Object
Returns the path parameter passed to dir’s constructor.
Methods included from Enumerable
#all?, #any?, #chunk, #chunk_while, #collect, #collect_concat, #count, #cycle, #detect, #drop, #drop_while, #each_cons, #each_entry, #each_slice, #each_with_index, #each_with_object, #entries, #find, #find_all, #find_index, #first, #flat_map, #grep, #grep_v, #group_by, #include?, #inject, #lazy, #map, #max, #max_by, #member?, #min, #min_by, #minmax, #minmax_by, #none?, #one?, #partition, #reduce, #reject, #reverse_each, #select, #slice_after, #slice_before, #slice_when, #sort, #sort_by, #take, #take_while, #to_a, #to_h, #zip
Constructor Details
#new(string) ⇒ Dir #new(string, encoding: enc) ⇒ Dir
Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
The optional enc argument specifies the encoding of the directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 |
# File 'dir.c', line 484
static VALUE
dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dp;
rb_encoding *fsenc;
VALUE dirname, opt, orig;
static ID keyword_ids[1];
const char *path;
if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
keyword_ids[0] = rb_id_encoding();
}
fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &dirname, &opt);
if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
VALUE enc;
rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &enc);
if (enc != Qundef && !NIL_P(enc)) {
fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
}
}
GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
dp->dir = NULL;
dp->path = Qnil;
dp->enc = fsenc;
path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
dp->dir = opendir(path);
if (dp->dir == NULL) {
if (rb_gc_for_fd(errno)) {
dp->dir = opendir(path);
}
#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
else if (errno == EIO) {
u_int32_t attrbuf[1];
struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0};
if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW) == 0) {
dp->dir = opendir(path);
}
}
#endif
if (dp->dir == NULL) {
RB_GC_GUARD(dirname);
rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
}
}
dp->path = orig;
return dir;
}
|
Class Method Details
.[](string[, string ...)) ⇒ Array
Equivalent to calling Dir.glob([
string,…],0)
.
2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2224
static VALUE
dir_s_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
if (argc == 1) {
return rb_push_glob(argv[0], 0);
}
return dir_globs(argc, argv, 0);
}
|
.chdir([ string]) ⇒ 0 .chdir([ string]) {|path| ... } ⇒ Object
Changes the current working directory of the process to the given string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to the value of the environment variable HOME
, or LOGDIR
. SystemCallError
(probably Errno::ENOENT
) if the target directory does not exist.
If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current directory, and the block is executed with that as the current directory. The original working directory is restored when the block exits. The return value of chdir
is the value of the block. chdir
blocks can be nested, but in a multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts to open a chdir
block while another thread has one open.
Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
puts Dir.pwd
Dir.chdir("/tmp") do
puts Dir.pwd
Dir.chdir("/usr") do
puts Dir.pwd
end
puts Dir.pwd
end
puts Dir.pwd
produces:
/var/spool/mail
/tmp
/usr
/tmp
/var/spool/mail
984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 |
# File 'dir.c', line 984
static VALUE
dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE path = Qnil;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
FilePathValue(path);
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
}
else {
const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
if (!dist) {
dist = getenv("LOGDIR");
if (!dist) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "HOME/LOGDIR not set");
}
path = rb_str_new2(dist);
}
if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
}
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
struct chdir_data args;
args.old_path = rb_str_encode_ospath(rb_dir_getwd());
args.new_path = path;
args.done = FALSE;
return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
}
dir_chdir(path);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
.chroot(string) ⇒ 0
Changes this process’s idea of the file system root. Only a privileged process may make this call. Not available on all platforms. On Unix systems, see chroot(2)
for more information.
1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1089
static VALUE
dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
{
path = check_dirname(path);
if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(path);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
.delete(string) ⇒ 0 .rmdir(string) ⇒ 0 .unlink(string) ⇒ 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError
if the directory isn’t empty.
1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1146
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
dir = check_dirname(dir);
if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
rb_sys_fail_path(dir);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
.entries(dirname) ⇒ Array .entries(dirname, encoding: enc) ⇒ Array
Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given directory. Will raise a SystemCallError
if the named directory doesn’t exist.
The optional enc argument specifies the encoding of the directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
Dir.entries("testdir") #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2394
static VALUE
dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
VALUE dir;
dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
return rb_ensure(rb_Array, dir, dir_close, dir);
}
|
.exist?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the named file is a directory, false
otherwise.
2594 2595 2596 2597 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2594 VALUE rb_file_directory_p(void) { } |
.exists?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean
Deprecated method. Don’t use.
2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2606
static VALUE
rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_warning("Dir.exists? is a deprecated name, use Dir.exist? instead");
return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
}
|
.foreach(dirname) {|filename| ... } ⇒ nil .foreach(dirname, encoding: enc) {|filename| ... } ⇒ nil .foreach(dirname) ⇒ Object .foreach(dirname, encoding: enc) ⇒ Object
Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
Dir.foreach("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
produces:
Got .
Got ..
Got config.h
Got main.rb
2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2368
static VALUE
dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
VALUE dir;
RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
rb_ensure(dir_each, dir, dir_close, dir);
return Qnil;
}
|
.getwd ⇒ String .pwd ⇒ String
1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1053
static VALUE
dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
{
return rb_dir_getwd();
}
|
.glob(pattern, [flags]) ⇒ Object .glob(pattern, [flags]) {|filename| ... } ⇒ nil
Expands pattern
, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and returns the results as matches
or as arguments given to the block.
Note that this pattern is not a regexp, it’s closer to a shell glob. See File::fnmatch for the meaning of the flags
parameter. Note that case sensitivity depends on your system (so File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored), as does the order in which the results are returned.
*
-
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to
/ .* /x
in regexp.*
-
Matches all files
c*
-
Matches all files beginning with
c
*c
-
Matches all files ending with
c
*c*
-
Match all files that have
c
in them (including at the beginning or end).
Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles). In order to include those in the match results, you must use the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like
"{*,.*}"
. **
-
Matches directories recursively.
?
-
Matches any one character. Equivalent to
/.{1}/
in regexp. [set]
-
Matches any one character in
set
. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]
). {p,q}
-
Matches either literal
p
or literalq
. Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.Matching literals may be more than one character in length. More than two literals may be specified.
\
-
Escapes the next metacharacter.
Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a glob, i.e.
Dir["c:\foo*"]
will not work, useDir["c:/foo*"]
instead.
Examples:
Dir["config.?"] #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("config.?") #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]") #=> ["main.rb"]
Dir.glob("*.[^r]*") #=> ["config.h"]
Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}") #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
Dir.glob("*") #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(rbfiles) #=> ["main.rb",
# "lib/song.rb",
# "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
Dir.glob(libdirs) #=> ["lib"]
librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb",
# "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2308
static VALUE
dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE str, rflags, ary;
int flags;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &rflags) == 2)
flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
else
flags = 0;
ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
if (NIL_P(ary)) {
ary = rb_push_glob(str, flags);
}
else {
VALUE v = ary;
ary = dir_globs(RARRAY_LEN(v), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(v), flags);
RB_GC_GUARD(v);
}
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
rb_ary_each(ary);
return Qnil;
}
return ary;
}
|
.home ⇒ Object .home("root") ⇒ Object
Returns the home directory of the current user or the named user if given.
2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 |
# File 'dir.c', line 2565
static VALUE
dir_s_home(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE user;
const char *u = 0;
rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
user = (argc > 0) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
if (!NIL_P(user)) {
SafeStringValue(user);
rb_must_asciicompat(user);
u = StringValueCStr(user);
if (*u) {
return rb_home_dir_of(user, rb_str_new(0, 0));
}
}
return rb_default_home_dir(rb_str_new(0, 0));
}
|
.mkdir(string[, integer]) ⇒ 0
Makes a new directory named by string, with permissions specified by the optional parameter anInteger. The permissions may be modified by the value of File::umask
, and are ignored on NT. Raises a SystemCallError
if the directory cannot be created. See also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for File
.
Dir.mkdir(File.join(Dir.home, ".foo"), 0700) #=> 0
1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1117
static VALUE
dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE path, vmode;
int mode;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
}
else {
mode = 0777;
}
path = check_dirname(path);
if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(path);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
.open(string) ⇒ Dir .open(string, encoding: enc) ⇒ Dir .open(string) {|aDir| ... } ⇒ Object .open(string, encoding: enc) {|aDir| ... } ⇒ Object
The optional enc argument specifies the encoding of the directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
With no block, open
is a synonym for Dir::new
. If a block is present, it is passed aDir as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of the block, and Dir::open
returns the value of the block.
560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 |
# File 'dir.c', line 560
static VALUE
dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
struct dir_data *dp;
VALUE dir = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
}
return dir;
}
|
.getwd ⇒ String .pwd ⇒ String
1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1053
static VALUE
dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
{
return rb_dir_getwd();
}
|
.delete(string) ⇒ 0 .rmdir(string) ⇒ 0 .unlink(string) ⇒ 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError
if the directory isn’t empty.
1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1146
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
dir = check_dirname(dir);
if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
rb_sys_fail_path(dir);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
.delete(string) ⇒ 0 .rmdir(string) ⇒ 0 .unlink(string) ⇒ 0
Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError
if the directory isn’t empty.
1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 |
# File 'dir.c', line 1146
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
dir = check_dirname(dir);
if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
rb_sys_fail_path(dir);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
|
Instance Method Details
#close ⇒ nil
894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 |
# File 'dir.c', line 894
static VALUE
dir_close(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
dirp = dir_get(dir);
if (!dirp->dir) return Qnil;
closedir(dirp->dir);
dirp->dir = NULL;
return Qnil;
}
|
#each {|filename| ... } ⇒ Dir #each ⇒ Object
752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 |
# File 'dir.c', line 752
static VALUE
dir_each(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
struct dirent *dp;
IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
rewinddir(dirp->dir);
IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp->dir, RSTRING_PTR(dirp->path)));
while ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
const char *name = dp->d_name;
size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
VALUE path;
#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen) &&
!NIL_P(path = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
path = rb_external_str_with_enc(path, dirp->enc);
}
else
#endif
path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
rb_yield(path);
if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
}
return dir;
}
|
#fileno ⇒ Integer
649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 |
# File 'dir.c', line 649
static VALUE
dir_fileno(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
int fd;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
fd = dirfd(dirp->dir);
if (fd == -1)
rb_sys_fail("dirfd");
return INT2NUM(fd);
}
|
#inspect ⇒ String
Return a string describing this Dir object.
604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 |
# File 'dir.c', line 604
static VALUE
dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
if (!NIL_P(dirp->path)) {
VALUE str = rb_str_new_cstr("#<");
rb_str_append(str, rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(dir)));
rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
rb_str_append(str, dirp->path);
rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
return str;
}
return rb_funcallv(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
}
|
#path ⇒ String? #to_path ⇒ String?
675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 |
# File 'dir.c', line 675
static VALUE
dir_path(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
if (NIL_P(dirp->path)) return Qnil;
return rb_str_dup(dirp->path);
}
|
#pos ⇒ Integer #tell ⇒ Integer
795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 |
# File 'dir.c', line 795
static VALUE
dir_tell(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
long pos;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
pos = telldir(dirp->dir);
return rb_int2inum(pos);
}
|
#pos=(integer) ⇒ Integer
853 854 855 856 857 858 |
# File 'dir.c', line 853
static VALUE
dir_set_pos(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
dir_seek(dir, pos);
return pos;
}
|
#read ⇒ String?
715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 |
# File 'dir.c', line 715
static VALUE
dir_read(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
struct dirent *dp;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
errno = 0;
if ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
}
else {
if (errno != 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
return Qnil; /* end of stream */
}
}
|
#rewind ⇒ Dir
874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 |
# File 'dir.c', line 874
static VALUE
dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
rewinddir(dirp->dir);
return dir;
}
|
#seek(integer) ⇒ Dir
824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 |
# File 'dir.c', line 824
static VALUE
dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
long p = NUM2LONG(pos);
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
seekdir(dirp->dir, p);
return dir;
}
|
#pos ⇒ Integer #tell ⇒ Integer
795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 |
# File 'dir.c', line 795
static VALUE
dir_tell(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
long pos;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
pos = telldir(dirp->dir);
return rb_int2inum(pos);
}
|